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COVID-19 Exodus: Parent preferences for public schools in Peru
Get PDFIn 2020 in Peru, the Ministry of Education (MINEDU), in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, organized a centralized assignment mechanism that allowed thousands of students at multiple levels of education to move from the private sector to the public sector due to an unprecedented rise in demand. Exploiting the randomness in the assignment of students to their new schools, we causally estimate which public school characteristics families that had decided to study in the private sector before COVID-19 value the most and how preferences for school attributes change after parents experience public schools. We find that families care about the distance to the assigned school and the relative academic and peer quality with respect to their school of origin. Parents weigh features such as distance to school and peer demographics differently when deciding whether or not to remain at the assigned school. These findings provide insights into how governments can strengthen the supply of public schooling
Tech Report: Generative AI
No full textGenerative AI is an emerging sub-domain of AI that is revolutionizing the use of technology as we know it. Its ability to generate new and unique content has great potential as a knowledge assistant, although it is still in the exploration phase. Instead of simply classifying, analyzing, or processing existing data, Generative AI attempts to generate new data that resembles the original and is indistinguishable from that created by humans
Facilitating Data Flows through Data Collaboratives: A Practical Guide to Designing Valuable, Accessible, and Responsible Data Collaboratives
Get PDFData is an indispensable asset in today\u27s society, but its production and sharing are subject to well-known market failures. Among these: neither economic nor academic markets efficiently reward costly data collection and quality assurance efforts; data providers cannot easily supervise the appropriate use of their data; and, correspondingly, users have weak incentives to pay for, acknowledge, and protect data that they receive from providers. Data collaboratives are a potential non-market solution to this problem, bringing together data providers and users to address these market failures. The governance frameworks for these collaboratives are varied and complex and their details are not widely known. This guide proposes a methodology and a set of common elements that facilitate experimentation and creation of collaborative environments. It offers guidance to governments on implementing effective data collaboratives as a means to promote data flows in Latin America and the Caribbean, harnessing their potential to design more effective services and improve public policies
The Efficiency of Urban Transport Policies in Latin-American Cities
Get PDFUrban sustainability requires reducing the environmental footprint of urban mobility. To achieve this goal public transport becomes key due to its lower impact on congestion, pollution, accidents and greenhouse gas emissions as compared to private transport. Thus, encouraging public transport use is a frequent goal among city authorities. For this, they often devote an important fraction of their budget to improve the quality of its service. Many cities subsidize not just the infrastructure for public transport, but also its operation based on (some of) the following reasons. 1. As a second-best policy since charging additional fees to automobile drivers to correct negative externalities may be impractical (if the externality is trip specific) or politically unfeasible. 2. Due to the Mohring effect in which the optimal frequency and network density of services grow with the demand. Thus, the waiting and access time drop for every user in the system when the demand grows, implying that the marginal social cost is lower than the average social cost (Mohring, 1972).1 3. Following distributional concerns, since often lower income people use public transport more intensively
Building a More Resilient and Low-Carbon Caribbean: Report 5: Decarbonization Pathways for the Caribbean Construction Industry
No full textThe Caribbean islands are among the 25 most-vulnerable nations in terms of disasters per-capita or land area, and climate change is only expected to intensify these vulnerabilities. Within this context, the series “Building a more resilient and low-carbon Caribbean”, focuses on improving the resiliency, sustainability and decarbonization of the construction industry in the Caribbean. The first three reports of the series analyze the economic losses caused by climate related events, the benefits of improving building resiliency to reduce those economic losses and the benefits of subsidized financing for resilient buildings in the Caribbean, showing that increasing building resiliency is economically viable for the high-risk islands of the Caribbean, generating long term savings and increasing the infrastructure preparedness to the impacts of CC. The fourth report focused on the potential role for nature-based solutions (NBSs) in the region. This report extends the previous analysis to examine potential options to reduce embodied carbon in traditional resilient building materials such as cement and steel in the region
Research Insights: How Do High Interest Rates Limit Development?
No full textCredit markets in developing countries are characterized by large gaps between lending and deposit rates. Interest rate spreads in Brazil are high and vary significantly across similar firms. High interest rate spreads can substantially decrease a countrys output since they reduce access to credit for potentially productive firms
Trade and Integration Monitor 2023: What\u27s next: Boosting Competitiveness to Meet Food Security and Climate Change Demands
Get PDFThe 2023 Trade and Integration Monitor examines how Latin America and the Caribbean is evolving in the new global context. It compares the region to the rest of the world, analyzing trade performance by country and integration bloc. In particular, the report explores the new opportunities arising from growing concerns about food security and environmental sustainability. This is the 11th annual report published by the Integration and Trade Sector at the Inter-American Development Bank to study Latin America and the Caribbeans changing position in the global trading system
Reliable Information as A Tool for Closing Diversity Gaps
Get PDFWhen closing diversity gaps, one of the major challenges in Latin America and the Caribbean is the limited amount of data reflecting this topic. The few statistics that are available on vulnerable groups such as indigenous peoples and African descendants, LGBTQ persons, and people with disabilities reflect economic and social gaps in several areas. Policies designed to promote the inclusion of these groups requires identifying them and knowing what socioeconomic gaps they are facing and the causes of these inequalities. However, there are several difficulties in accessing this type of information
Independent Country Program Review (ICPR) Implementation Guidelines
Get PDFThese Guidelines seek to provide greater clarity on how OVE will conduct Independent Country Program Reviews (ICPRs), a periodic product introduced through the approval of OVE\u27s Country Product Protocol by the Boards. The purpose of this document is to provide transparency to the Boards, country authorities, and IDB and IDB Invest Management on the methods, tools and processes used by OVE in the ICPRs, and to foster consistency in their preparation. The Guidelines are the exclusive responsibility of OVE, in compliance with the Boards\u27 mandate of conducting ICPRs under the conditions and principles approved in the Protocol. It is expected that the systematization introduced by the Guidelines will also contribute to internal and external training activities, and to extracting common lessons across countries
GDLab: Gender and Diversity Initiative
No full textThe IDB Groups Gender and Diversity Knowledge Initiative (GDLab), promotes, leads, and finances high-impact research to achieve a more inclusive and equitable society in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Download this brochure to learn more about this initiative