Asian Journal of Advances in Research
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Synergistic Effect of Biopesticides against Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera littoralis
Get PDFThe present work was performed to study the synergistic effect of this new natural formulation on the biological aspects of the 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis and Spodoptera frugiperda. Results showed that the mortality rate of 2nd instar larvae was higher than that of 4th instar larvae of S. littoralis. While S. frugiperda did not feed on castor bean leaves treated with a mixture containing neem oil ("azadirachtin") and fruit seeds combined with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt), 500 ppm of the new formulation induced 50% mortality of 2nd instar larvae of S. frugiperda after 48 hrs., while 100% mortality was induced after treating the same instar with 3000 ppm. This new formulation could be used, within integrated pest management programs, for field control of S. littoralis and S. frugiperda
Effect of Bee Pollen Addition on the Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties Rheological and Sensory Properties of Biscuits
Get PDFFunctional foods are one of the most important modern trends in which interest has increased recently, Because of its nutritional benefits that exceed the benefits of consuming traditional foods. Bee products, including pollen, are considered functional products because of their important nutritional benefits, which made them an important food supplement to be consumed alone or by adding it to food. This study aimed to study the possibility of using bee pollen to fortify biscuits as a way to fortify foods with pollen. Where the addition was made in the following proportions (2.5%-5%-7.5%-10%) and the changes resulting from the addition in the chemical composition and rheological properties were studied using the Mixolab and the Alveograph in addition to the resulting biscuits compared with the control. According to the results, BP has positive effects on the quality criteria while improving the functional and sensory properties of cookies
Retrospective Study on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease among Children Under Five Years Visiting in Hossana Nigist Elleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September 2020-August 2022, Hossana, Central, Ethiopia
Get PDFDiarrhea is a disease having loose or watery stools at least three times per days or more than three per day from different types of acute diarrhea cases can lead significant fluid loose dehydration which is causes of death. It is one of the major leading causes of under-five morbidity, mortality and under nutrition in developing countries. In Ethiopia diarrhea is the most killer of children and serious public health problems. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrheal disease among less than five year. The study specifically aimed to determine the prevalence of diarrheal disease among less than five year’s children, to estimate the prevalence of diarrheal disease among child patient who visited Hossana Nigist Elleni Mohammed memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital during the last three years (2020-2022) and to give educational awareness for the maternal of affect area and prevention control. The method used in this study was retrospective study. Under this study male and female children were classified by sex and year of the study from 2020-2022 respectively. In this study data on diarrheal disease infected children were collected from Health Management Information Service office in Hossana Nigist Elleni Mohamed memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. This estimated 288 of the case among children under-five years of age in Hossana Nigist Elleni Mohamed memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. As assessed the prevalence of diarrhea disease among under five years children in Hossana Nigist Elleni Mohammed memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, diarrheal prevalence variable from season to season because of water pollution by different microorganism. Prevalence of diarrheal disease within three years least/less 601 (21%) of patient of diarrhea were recorded in 2020, highest case number in 2021 case which involved 1237 (43%) and with 1029 (36%) cased in 2022 respectively were recorded. This disease can also estimate by the sex ration, most of the time males could be affected by diarrheal disease. Because most of the time males have susceptible immune system as the study indicated. Further study on immune system of both sexes could be suggested
Establishment and Verification of a First-Order Derivative UV Spectrophotometric Technique for Quantifying Favipiravir in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations
Get PDFThe primary aim of this study was to establish and validate a UV spectrophotometric method for quantifying Favipiravir in both bulk and pharmaceutical formulations using a first-order derivative technique. In this approach, acetonitrile was chosen as the solvent, and measurements were taken at a wavelength of 323 nm. The methodology was developed and subsequently validated in compliance with the ICH guidelines. The analysis revealed a strong linear response within a concentration range of 5-25 µg/ml, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. Furthermore, the method exhibited a low detection limit of approximately 0.48 µg/ml and a quantification limit of about 1.44 µg/ml. A comprehensive assessment of the method's precision, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity produced consistently positive results. Given its robust and reliable performance, this technique can be effectively utilized for the routine analysis of Favipiravir in both bulk and pharmaceutical forms
Evaluation of the Soaking Conditions (Temperature and Time) on the Physicochemical Properties of Parboiled Rice: A Review
Get PDFSoaking is a temperature-dependent process, which determines the rate of water diffusion into the rice kernel. Similarly, soaking also leaches the fiber, fat, and mineral composition of the rice kernel, thereby changing their composition in rice grain. This review aims to evaluate the effect of soaking conditions (temperature and time) on the physicochemical properties of selected parboiled rice varieties. As a result of the NERICA-4 rice variety, soaking at 65°C for 6 hours was the ideal temperature and time. Under these conditions, the ideal response variables for hardness, cooking time, moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, energy, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorous content were 375.37 N, 52 min, 12.3%, 1.24%, 13.86%, 2.17%, 3.2942%, 67.1171%, 343.5 kcal/100 g, 274.72 mg/100 g, and 268.31 mg/100 g, respectively. The soaking temperatures and time is an essential operation in the process and affects the quality characteristics of the rice, including its physical characteristics, chemical composition, starch characteristics, cooking characteristics, etc. The functional characteristics are conducted to identify and possibly better determine how new proteins, fats, fibers, and carbohydrates can perform in specific systems and demonstrate whether or not such proteins can be used to stimulate or replace conventional proteins. Finally, the results demonstrated that the research environment's optimal parboiling settings were used to process rice types, in particular NARICA 4 rice variety, for enhanced physical qualities, proximate composition, and mineral content
Determinants of Irregular Migration to South Africa and Its Consequences: The Case of Duna Woreda, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Get PDFMigration has expanded globally in recent years. In developing nations like Ethiopia, irregular migration accounts for the great majority of migration. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to pinpoint the factors that contribute to unauthorized migration to the Republic of South Africa and the impact that migration has on the local community and migrants in Duna woreda, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia. Data from 227 sampled houses were gathered utilizing systematic and simple random sampling to fulfill the study's purpose. Using econometrics and descriptive statistics, the acquired data was analyzed. Binary Logistic model was used as an economic study model to determine the causes of irregular migration. According to the study's findings, migrant households with returning members made up 57.84% of the respondents in the overall sample. According to the Econometric result, 8 out of the 10 explanatory variables were found to be significant in predicting irregular migration. These characteristics include the head of the household's age, educational attainment, size, sex, means of subsistence, push and pull forces, and employment status. The household's place of residence and marital status were unimportant factors in determining irregular migration. According to the study's findings, young adult males between the ages of 15 and 29 make up the majority of irregular migration. The study's findings showed that the main push factor for irregular migration is unemployment, whereas the main draw factor is the availability of jobs in RSA. The Econometric result showed that out of 10 explanatory variables, 8 variables were found to be significant in determining irregular migration. This includes age of household head, education level of household head; size of household head, sex of household head, livelihood of household, push factors ,pull factor and employment status household head. Residence place of household and marital status of household variables were insignificant in determining irregular migration. The result of the study indicated that irregular migration is dominated by young adult male aged 15-29. The result of study indicated that unemployment is the main push factors and pull factors for irregular migrations were job opportunity in RSA.  
Marketing Assessment and Cost Benefit Scenario of Indigenous and Exotic Fish Fry in the Chachra, Jashore, Bangladesh
Get PDFIn this study, we present a comprehensive assessment of the marketing dynamics surrounding fin fish fry in the largest fry market of Bangladesh, spanning from Magur Potti to Babala Tola at Chachra, Jessore, during the period from April 2007 to May 2008. Our research focuses on discerning the variety, production trends, and trade patterns of fish fry within this market, ultimately shedding light on the implications for the aquaculture industry in Bangladesh. We set out to investigate the diversity of fish species, the production dynamics in hatcheries and nurseries, and the trade-related practices of fish fry traders in this bustling market. Data was meticulously collected through personal interviews with key stakeholders, including 28 hatcheries, 19 nurseries, 12 fish fry wholesalers, buyers, and culture farm owners. This comprehensive approach allowed us to gain valuable insights into the nuances of the market. Our study revealed 18 fish species, comprising both indigenous and exotic varieties, traded in the market. Notably, species such as Ruhu, Catla, Mrigel, Pangus, Silver Carp, Grass Carp, and Thai Puti were the major, with the presence of the Thai Rupchanda. Hatchery production trends exhibited fluctuations, with species like Silver Carp and Ruhu taking the lead in different years. In nurseries, Ruhu dominated among indigenous species, while Thai Pangus and Silver Carp fry held prominence among exotic varieties. The findings from this study provide a comprehensive overview of the dynamics of the fish fry market in Bangladesh. This research offered valuable insights for aquaculture stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers, shedding light on the diversity of fish species in the market, production variations, and the role of seed nurseries in knowledge dissemination. These findings can inform strategies for improved seed quality and trading practices, contributing to the sustainability and growth of the aquaculture sector in Bangladesh
Predicting the Number of Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) Applicants into a Public University in Nigeria
Get PDFIn Nigeria, the oversight of university education lies with the federal and state governments, as well as private organizations. However, there has been a noticeable decline in the number of applicants seeking admission to public universities through the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB). This trend has raised concerns among public universities in the country. Therefore, this study focuses on one public university in Nigeria to investigate the trend, propose solutions, and forecast future applicant numbers. To analyze and predict the trend, five classical regression models were initially employed. These models were compared, and the best-performing model was identified. Subsequently, the identified classical regression model was compared with a machine learning model known as the Support Vector Regression model. The findings indicate that the Support Vector Regression model exhibited superior performance compared to the Poisson model (the best classical model). The results from the Support Vector Regression model further revealed a potential increase in the future number of JAMB applicants to the University. Therefore, there is need for the university to prepare on how to adequately handle the future suspected potential increase in the number of JAMB applicant. Consequently, the University should establish new competitive courses and enhance the appeal of existing professional courses by increasing their manpower. Furthermore, the University should improve its facilities overall in preparation for the anticipated rise in the number of JAMB applicants in the future
Pathogenicity and Germination of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana and Purpureocillium lilacinum under Different Temperature Changes against Spodoptera littoralis Larvae
Get PDFSince thermal stress influences the whole infection pathway, temperature is a critical factor in determining the efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi in microbial pest management. This study aimed to determine how temperature changes affect the germination rate of two isolating entomopathogenic fungi. In addition, we looked at how different entomopathogenic fungi performed against Spodoptera littoralis second-instar larvae after being incubated at various temperatures. Two locally isolated entomopathogenic fungi were identified morphologically as Beauveria bassiana and Purpureocillium lilacinum. Both fungi were incubated at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40° C to evaluate their germination and pathogenicity. Results showed that both fungi could germinate effectively at 20-35° C. Results also showed that P. lilacinum can germinate at all tested temperatures. No germination was obtained at 40° C for both fungi. B. bassiana was more pathogenic against S. littoralis larvae than P. lilacinum. The results showed that the isolated fungi can be developed as potential biopesticides against S. littoralis under different temperatures, although proper formulation is still required
Metabolic and Immune Influences in Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) in Response to Treatment with Emamectin Benzoate and its Nanoform
Get PDFInsecticide resistance and negative effects on natural ecosystems result from the careless use of synthetic pesticides for controlling the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. Recent efforts to control this pest have used emamectin benzoate and other members of a new family of chemical insecticides with a confined mode of action and specific target ranges. Nanotechnology instruments are increasingly employed in agricultural operations because of their low-cost, minimal toxicity, and safe concentration. Through biochemical assessments of several enzymes associated with insecticide resistance and vitellogenin gene expression, the present research sought to comprehend the method of action of nano pesticides. The 4th instar larvae were treated with the LC50 of emamectin benzoate (EMB), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and the nanoform of emamectin benzoate (EMB+AgNPs) for 24 h. Larvae that survived treatment were collected to assay the influence of tested compounds on total body contents, detoxifying enzymes activity, and vitellogenin (Vg) gene expression. The findings showed that treatment with sublethal concentrations reduced the total body contents and adversely influenced the detoxifying enzymes. The results also demonstrated that Vg expression was down-regulated by EMB treatment while upregulated by AgNPs and EMB+AgNPs therapy. So, we can conclude that these substances have been shown to directly impact the body, including the enzymes responsible for detoxification. Nanopesticides represent a better substitute for synthetic insecticides for managing S. littoralis either directly through the killing effect or latent through the influence on detoxifying enzymes and gene expression