Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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An Assessment of Export Performance and Trade Competitiveness of Sorghum from India
No full textThe present study examines the trade performance, competitiveness and trade directions of sorghum. The secondary data was collected from ITC Trade Map, focusing on global and Indian sorghum exports and imports performance from 2012 to 2022. The analytical tools like Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Markov Chain analysis, and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) are employed. USA, Australia, and Argentina are major sorghum exporters, while China, Japan and Spain are importers in the world. UAE, Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia are prominent destinations for Indian sorghum exports. Among the top five sorghum exporting nations, USA ranks first in all the indices of relative competitiveness demonstrating country’s potential to export sorghum in global market which is followed by Australia. Transitional probability matrix indicated that Bangladesh is the most stable market among the importers of sorghum followed by Saudi Arabia and UAE. On the other hand, Kuwait and Egypt has shown ‘zero’ probability of retention, indicating that these countries are unstable importers. The HHI for global sorghum exports and imports are indicating high concentration. In the case of Indian sorghum exports, the HHI means that there is moderate concentration. To reduce reliance on a small number of nations and to take advantage of the possibilities of a variety of markets, efforts should be made to increase India\u27s sorghum exports. More research is recommended on the suitability of different varieties of sorghum to varying environmental conditions so that the best variety could be determined to further enhance production
The Influence of Micronutrients on Growth Performance of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) CV. Mahima
No full textThe present investigation entitled, “The influence of micronutrients on growth performance of ginger (zingiber officinale) cv. mahima” was conducted at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Spices, Asond Block, Central Experiment Station, Wakawali, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli during 2023-24. Experiment was laid out with total nine treatments and three replications each in present study. The experimental findings revealed that the treatment, T1 i.e. RDF + Foliar Spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % recorded better results in number of tillers per platnt (12.57), plant height (77.65 cm), number of leaves per plant (76.03), leaf length (23.25 cm) and leaf width (3.08 cm). Thus, it was concluded that the treatment T1 (RDF + Foliar Spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5 %) was found to be the best for growth performance of ginger (Zingiber officinale rosc.) under Konkan agroclimatic conditions
Precision Agriculture: UAV-Based Soil Mapping and Remote Sensing Applications
No full textUsing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with remote sensing cameras that measure the electromagnetic spectrum of light reflected back from the ground below, this technology does soil mapping and field analysis. The way that different elements reflect different light wavelengths can be used to identify them. Reams of data on those wavelengths are gathered by multispectral image sensors, which power sophisticated AI software that can identify even the smallest variations in the elemental composition of soil. There are numerous positives to soil mapping, including helping farmers choose the best crops, applying the right fertilizers, and scheduling irrigation. Soil mapping also makes it easier to create plans for soil conservation and restoration that work. UAVs facilitate rapid deployment, enabling data collection near end-users, while delivering a more comprehensive and precise dataset compared to traditional camera-based methods. This study will provide effective technical support and decision-making assistance for future agricultural land planning
Effects of Varietal Selection and Plant Spacing Patterns on the Growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Irrigated Agro-Eco-Systems of Punjab
No full textMaize (Zea mays L; 2n=20) is one among the major cereal crops grown in the humid tropics. It has high yield potential, immense potentiality, and that is why it is also known as ‘queen of cereals’. Though it is mainly used as a food crop in India by the rural population in the form of bread and gruel, it has vast industrial potentialities as well having as many as 50 different uses. The world\u27s corn production in 2020-2021 is 1216.87 million tons. The estimated production of maize in 2022-2023 was to reach 1,161.86 million tonnes in. The predicted global maize production for this year is the same period was 1,161.86 million tonnes, and a decrease of 55.00 million tonnes or 4.52%. The total area of maize (for dry grain) in the world is 197 M hectares, with significant regions in Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) (FAOStat, 2021). In India, Kharif maize accounts for about 83% of the country\u27s total maize area, while Rabi maize accounts for 17%. The most widely used products made from maize are meal and flour, though there are many regional variations in how maize is processed and consumed
Heterosis of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Hybrids Involving Diverse CGMS Lines and Restorers
No full textThe experimental material comprised of five female lines, ten male lines of pearl millet, their 50 hybrids developed by line × tester design and one standard check hybrid (GHB 1231). They were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications at Main Pearl Millet Research Station, J.A.U., Jamnagar during kharif 2023 for studies extent and magnitude of heterotic effects of hybrids over better parent and standard check. The analysis of experimental variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes, parents and crosses for all the traits studied. The heterobeltiosis for grain yield per plant was laid between -56.38% to 97.86%, while, the standard heterosis ranged from -53.30% to 82.97%. The maximum value of standard heterosis was recorded for grain yield per plant by cross JMSA5 20212 × J-2637 (82.97%) followed by ICMA1 94555 × J-2580 (81.49%) and JMSA5 20212 × J-2562 (72.35%). Further exploitation of these crosses might produce desirable hybrid of pearl millet
Effects of Organic Growing Media on Growth, Yield and Bioactive Compound of Black Ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) Cultivated using Soilless Culture
No full textThe experiment, conducted under a side-netted rain shelter, holds promise for the future of black ginger cultivation. Five mixtures of organic growing media were evaluated: 100% coco peat; 100% rice husk ash; 70% coco peat + 30% rice husk ash; 30% coco peat + 70% rice husk ash; and 50% coco peat + 50% rice husk ash. The black ginger rhizomes were harvested eight months after planting. The plants grown in 50% coco peat + 50% rice husk ash mixtures showed the best growth performance and yield, producing the highest vegetative fresh weight shoot height (678 g) and rhizome yield (582 g per plant). The lowest rhizome yield (154 g) was obtained from plants planted in 100% coco peat. However, plants cultivated in 100% coco peat gave rise to the highest 4,5,7-trimethoxyflavone compared to the other samples. Therefore, the black ginger plants cultivated in 50% coco peat + 50% rice husk ash mixtures growing media using a soilless culture system demonstrated the best plant growth and yields. However, 100% coco peat growing media should be considered to achieve the highest 4,5,7-trimethoxyflavone accumulation in black ginger rhizomes, opening up new possibilities for the future of black ginger cultivation
Biosynthesis of Ascorbic Acid and Its Metabolism across Plant Growth Stages, Fruit Maturation, and Postharvest Physiology: A Review
No full textAscorbic acid (AsA), generally known as vitamin C, is essential for horticulture crops to grow, develop, and maintain themselves after harvest. It is essential for plant health, fruit quality, and human nutrition because of its role in enzymatic processes, hormone production, and antioxidant activity. Important plant hormones, including auxins and gibberellins, which control the growth and development of fruit, are involved in its production. The maintenance of optimal AsA levels in horticultural crops can help ensure their nutritional value and quality for consumers. This is done by utilizing suitable postharvest practices and by understanding the variables like temperature, light exposure, and oxygen that influence AsA content. To fully comprehend the function of ascorbic acid in horticulture crops throughout plant growth, fruit development and ripening, and postharvest physiology, more study is required. This information may be used to increase the ascorbic acid content of crops and improve their nutritional value. Key intermediates in the AsA biosynthesis pathway have been shown in a simplified schematic diagram. The control of plant AsA production and subsequent responses to horticulture crops throughout plant growth, fruit development and ripening, and postharvest physiology may now be better understood through future study
Evaluation of Groundnut Varieties for Resistance to Seed Infection by Aspergillus flavus
No full textGroundnut is a legume crop an important food crop in the world and the third most important oil seed crop. However, groundnut crop suffers from major diseases such as flavus rot caused by Aspergillus which are soil-borne, they produce a potent toxin and carcinogenic substance called aflatoxin. This toxin has a great impact on human health. The resistant varieties can be the most viable and economical approach to reduce this problem. This research consisted of two experiments, the first was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology Laboratory, while the second pot experiment was conducted in the green house at the Department of Plant Pathology, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India during Kharif, 2020. The objective of the experiment was to evaluation of groundnut varieties for resistance to seed infection by Aspergillus flavus. Ten varieties were tested i.e. GJG 9, GJG 32, JL 501, TG 37A, KAUSHAL, GJG 17, GG 20, GJG 22, GJG 31 and KDG 128. A CRD design was used for this experiment, with three replications. Out of ten varieties tested against Aspergillus flavus in vitro, none of the varieties were found resistant. The minimum seed infection (20.48%) was recorded in JL 501 and KAUSHAL, whereas the maximum (80.46%) in GJG 31, maximum seed germination was recorded in variety JL 501 (99.99%), whereas the minimum recorded in GJG 31(20.48%). The minimum mortality of germinated seeds (10.49%) was observed in the varieties GJG 9, GJG 32, JL 501, GG 20, GJG 22, and KDG 128, whereas the maximum in GJG 31 (30.48%). In the pot study, none of the varieties were found resistant or moderately resistant. The minimum seed infection (40.47%) was recorded with GJG 9, whereas the maximum (70.46%) in GJG 31. Maximum seed germination was recorded in GJG 9 (80.46%), whereas the minimum was recorded in GJG 31 (23.67%). The minimum seed mortality (10.49%) was observed in varieties GJG 9, TG 37A and KDG 128, whereas the maximum in GJG 31 (30.48%)
Integrated Nutrient Management for Growth, Yield and Economic Assessment in Black Gram in Dehradun Valley
No full textThe field experiment was carried out at a designated location on the Agricultural Research Farm of Graphic Era Hill University in Dehradun during the kharif season of 2023 to study the influence of integrating organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth and productivity of black gram (Vigna mungo). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of nine treatments viz Control (T1), 100% RDF (20:40:20 Kg/ha NPK)(T2), Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (T3) Bio nitrogen @ 20gm kg-1 seed (T4), 100% RDF+ Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (T5), 100% RDF + Bio nitrogen @ 20gm kg-1 seed (T6), Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Bio nitrogen @ 20gm kg-1 seed (T7), 70% RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Bio nitrogen @ 20gm kg-1 seed (T8), 100% RDF+ Vermicompost @ 5 ha-1+ Bio-Nitrogen (T9) each replicated thrice. Integrated Nutrient Management had significantly affected growth, yield and economics of black gram. Maximum emergence count (13.3 m2) was recorded with 70% RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Bio nitrogen @ 20gm kg-1 seed which at par with 100% RDF + Bio nitrogen@ 20gm kg-1 seed (T6) and 100% RDF+ Vermicompost @ 5 ha-1+ Bio-Nitrogen (T9). Growth parameter viz. plant height, number of nodules/plant, dry matter accumulation/m2, branches/plant were reported to be significantly influenced by INM with 70% RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Bio nitrogen @ 20gm kg-1 seed. Similarly, maximum seed yield (36.33 q ha-1) was obtained under 70% RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Bio nitrogen @ 20gm kg-1 seed. Increase in seed yield with the application of by 358.1% and 233.3% was obtained over control (T1) and 100% RDF (T2). The study highlights that combining organic and inorganic sources of nutrients is a simple and effective strategy to improve initial plant stand of black gram crop, ultimately contributing to increased crop growth, yield and better economic returns
Response of Hibiscus Types (Hibiscus spp.) to Softwood Grafting
No full textThe study on response of hibiscus types to softwood grafting was conducted at College of Horticulture, under Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and ten treatments viz, T1 - DBSKKV COH H-1, T2 - DBSKKV COH H-2, T3 - DBSKKV COH H-3, T4 - DBSKKV COH H-4, T5 - DBSKKV COH H-5, T6 - DBSKKV COH H-6, T7 - DBSKKV COH H-7, T8 - DBSKKV COH H-8, T9 - DBSKKV COH H-9, T10 - DBSKKV COH H-10. The recorded parameters were significantly influenced by the response of softwood grafting on hibiscus. The treatment, T10 (DBSKKV COH H-10) demonstrated superior performance in terms of minimum days required for sprouting (8.20) and maximum sprouting percentage (93.20%), survival percentage (91.07%), number of leaves (44.47), girth at graft union (10.63 mm), days required for union of grafting (10.00), plant hight (69.65)