Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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A Review on Production and Marketing of Betel Vine
No full textBetel Vine is grown widely across the country, playing an essential role in social, religious, and cultural activities and significantly contributing to the economy through employment and foreign exchange. This review article on Betel Vine, a significant economic and heritage crop in India, employs a systematic literature review to analyze and synthesize existing research on its production and marketing. Betel Vine, with its heart-shaped leaves known as "Paan," provides substantial employment and foreign exchange. The review identifies that the marketing of Betel leaves faces unique challenges due to their perishable nature and specific regional preferences. The systematic literature review provides a comprehensive understanding of the trends, challenges, and opportunities in Betel Vine production and marketing. Key findings indicate significant economic contributions from states like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. The review also identifies research gaps, such as the need for improved marketing strategies and better management of production challenges. Future research should focus on developing value-added products, enhancing marketing efficiency, and addressing health concerns associated with Betel chewing. The conceptual framework guides the review process, synthesizing diverse literature to facilitate a structured and comprehensive analysis. The outcomes suggest that effective strategies for enhancing the Betel Vine industry should address these identified gaps and leverage opportunities to boost economic growth and support rural communities
Analysing Consequences of Aquaculture in Coastal Water Bodies of Ba Ria– Vung Tau, Vietnam on Sustainable Development Goals for Environmental Management
No full textAquaculture is vital for global food security and economic growth, particularly in coastal regions like Ba Ria – Vung Tau, Vietnam. This province has seen significant aquaculture growth, with production rising from 10,687 tons in 2010 to 20,486 tons in 2022. Key species farmed include brackish water shrimp, marine finfish, and mollusks, using methods such as cage culture, pond farming, and Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). However, aquaculture poses environmental challenges, including conflicts over coastal space, waste management, and habitat degradation. Species like oysters and mussels help improve water quality and support balanced ecosystems, while marine finfish farming can cause nutrient overload and eutrophication. Sustainable practices like IMTA, waste management, and sustainable feed use are essential to mitigate these impacts. Aligning aquaculture with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 14 (Life Below Water), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action), is crucial for sustainable coastal management. This requires robust regulations, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and the integration of scientific research into policy. By ensuring aquaculture practices support SDGs, Ba Ria – Vung Tau can enhance environmental stewardship, economic resilience, and the sustainable coexistence of human activities with marine ecosystems
Compatibility of Most Efficient Rhizobium Strain with Different Seed Dressing Fungicides in Mung Bean Crop
No full textSymbiotic nitrogen fixation is considered as an important source of nitrogen on earth. Numerous leguminouscrop fix about 200 – 300 kg N/ha.Some microorganisms especially bacteria are able to colonise and fix nitrogen biologically in the soil through symbiotic process. A pot culture experiment was conducted to examine the compatibility of Rhizobium with nine fungicides and their combination used for seed treatment. The combination effects of inoculation with fungicide growth and number of nodules, dry weight of nodules, dry matter parameters etc. were studied. The seed treatment of mungbean seed with copper oxychloride was found most effective among all the seed treatments. Seed treatment with different seed dressing fungicide had no adverse effect on germination, nodulation, yield-attributing characters and grain yield when applied alone or in combination with Rhizobium inoculant, thus, indicating the compatibility amongst all the two components, viz. fungicide and Rhizobium inoculant for seed treatment in (mungbean). Laboratory studies have also shown fungicides containing high levels of metalaxyl or metalaxyl-M have an inhibitory effect on rhizobia and nodulation, and so applying a granular inoculant or liquid or slurry inoculant in furrow is recommended when these fungicides are applied to seed. Treating seed with fungicide before sowing is a common method of protecting seedlings from fungal pathogens. While some fungicides are toxic to rhizobia, if these toxic effects are avoided, seed applied fungicides can increase plant health and root growth which in turn can benefit nodulation and N fixation. However, where the inoculants applied to seed come in direct contact with the fungicide, toxicity issues can occur.Compatibilit
Effect of Drip Irrigation Intervals and Fertigation Frequency on Yield and Yield Components of Cucumber under Greenhouse Conditions
No full textThe experiment was conducted in a cooled plastic tunnel greenhouse during March-August of 2022 and 2023 to study the effect of drip irrigation intervals and fertigation frequency on yield and yield components of cucumber under greenhouse conditions at Kassala State, Sudan. Seedlings of the most popular cucumber hybrid (Fatin) were planted on 40cm and 50 cm inter and intra-row spacing, respectively. The experiment was composed of two factors; irrigation intervals (every day, every 2 days and every 3 days) and fertigation frequencies applied at (one dose per week, two doses per week and 3 doses per week). The results showed that drip irrigation every day had recorded highest yield and yield components in both seasons. Maximum yields of cucumber were recorded with fertigation at three dose/week compared to fertigation at one dose/week in both seasons. Moreover, the highest values of yield, yield components, water productivity, economic water productivity and partial factor productivity of nitrogen were obtained under drip irrigation every day with fertigation at 3 dose/week on both seasons
Analysis of Rainfall Trend in North Interior Karnataka (NIK) Meteorological Subdivision of Karnataka by Non-Parametric Methodologies
No full textThe present study analyzed the trend in the month-wise, seasonal and annual rainfall employing three non-parametric tests viz. Mann-Kendall (M-K), Modified Mann-Kendall (MM-K) tests and Sen’s slope estimator for North Interior Karnataka (NIK) meteorological subdivision of Karnataka using 60 years (1960-2019) rainfall data. The M-K test results revealed that there is no monotonic trend in all data sets which indicates that there may exist the influence of serial correlation in the rainfall data. The MM-K test was applied to rainfall data of the NIK subdivision, the result of the test revealed that January, February, March and August months have a monotonic increasing trend whereas April, May, July and September months have a monotonic decreasing trend whereas June, October, November and December have no monotonic trend in monthly rainfall data. The winter season has a monotonic increasing trend, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons have a monotonic decreasing trend, and the pre-monsoon season has no monotonic trend in seasonal rainfall data. The MM-K test statistic (Tau) value for the NIK (-0.12) subdivision was found to be significant and negative indicating that there is a monotonic decreasing trend. Larger negative Sen’s slope values for NIK (-1.40) subdivision indicate the high decreasing rate of change of rainfall for annual rainfall data. Therefore, to know the trend in rainfall data most accurately in the presence of outliers and serial correlation, the Modified Mann-Kendall (MM-K) test and Sen’s slope estimator are recommended instead of Mann-Kendall (M-K) and Sen’s slope estimator
Performance of Frontline Demonstration on Productivity and Profitability of Utera Cropping of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under Rainfed Conditions in Tribal District Balaghat of Madhya Pradesh, India
No full textThe study was carried out during rabi season 2016-17 by the College of Agriculture Waraseoni (Balaghat), Madhya Pradesh to assess the yield gap between front-line demonstration (FLD) and farmer’s practice (FP) of Utera cropping of Linseed crop under rainfed condition of the Chhattisgarh plains. FLD’s were conducted in 11.20 ha with the active involvement of 28 farmers and scientific staff of the Institution. The findings of the present study revealed that the highest grain yield was obtained in demonstrated plots with an average of 7.25 q/ha as compared to local check with an average of 4.94 q/ha. The average of extension gap, technology gap and technology index was computed as 2.31q/ha, 2.75q/ha, and 27.53% respectively. The implementation of the enhanced package of practices in Linseed cultivation yielded a significantly higher average IBCR ratio (2.99) compared to traditional farmer practices during the study period, indicating the potential for increased productivity. This outcome underscores the effectiveness of adopting the recommended improved practices, ultimately satisfying the farming community by producing higher yields and returns
Do We Listen or Ignore Indigenous Practices? The Machobane Farming System - An Indigenous Farming Practice of Lesotho
No full textAim: To evaluate the adaptive capacity of the Machobane Farming System, an indigenous practice to improve soil fertility and maize productivity compared to other non-Machobane farming practices.
Study design: The study was conducted in four agroecological zones of Lesotho: Mountain, Foothills, low lands and Senqu river valley. Soil samples were collected at random from the non-Machobane farming practicing fields and Machobane farming practicing fields and the soil physicochemical and microbiological analyses were conducted to evaluate the soil quality. Structured and non-structured questionnaires were used to gather information from Focus Group Discussion (FGD) on the type of farming practices used and other demographic data.
Results and Discussion: The MfS were found to be less affected and resilient to climate change with multiple benefits such as moisture conservation, slow release of nutrients and cross migration of microorganisms to the intercropping plants in the field unlike other farming practicing fields. An increased number of soil fertility indicator microorganisms such as Bacillus spp and Nitrogen fixing bacteria were seen to have increased the production of food crops (P>0.05) almost all the year round. An intensive relay cropping of one acre would be sufficient to ensure food security for an average family of 5 members.
Conclusion: Currently, the Machobane Farming System (MfS) is adopted by many households in Lesotho using biochar and compost
Assessment of Performance of Foliar Application of GA3 and NAA on Growth and Yield Attributes of Onion (Allium cepa. L) cv. Nashik Red (N-53)
No full textIn order to ascertain the assessment of performance of foliar application of NAA and GA3 on growth and yield attributes of Onion (Allium cepa. L). A field trial was conducted at the Horticultural Research Farm of Baba Farid Institute of Technology (BFIT), Dehradun, India, 2021–2022. Significant differences in results were observed. With nine treatments and three replications of each growth regulator—NAA and GA3—at various levels (50, 100, 150, and 200 parts per million—the research was set up in a Randomized Complete block design. The superior growth attributes like maximum plant height (47.38 cm) at 45 DAT, (51.01 cm) at 60 DAT and (54.04 cm) at 90 DAT, maximum number of leaves per plant (6.32) at 45 DAT and (8.84) at 60 DAT were recorded from the application of NAA 150 PPM (T3). The superior yield attributes like highest fresh weight of bulb per plant (60.12 gm), bulb polar distance (4.75 cm) and bulb equatorial distance (5.45 cm) were recorded from the application of GA3 100 PPM (T6)
An Overview of Cyanobacterial Contributions to Agriculture
No full textPurpose: This paper reviews the diverse agricultural applications of cyanobacteria for improving soil health, plant growth, and agricultural sustainability.
Research Method: The paper provides a literature review summarizing recent research on cyanobacteria\u27s roles in soil aggregation, biofertilization, abiotic/biotic stress tolerance, yield improvements, carbon sequestration, and bioremediation. Both laboratory studies and field trials evaluating cyanobacteria\u27s effects on soil properties and plant growth are discussed.
Findings: Cyanobacteria can enhance soil structure, provide fixed nitrogen, mitigate salinity stress, increase crop yields, and sequester carbon. Their stress adaptations, antimicrobial metabolites, and synergies with plants and microbes underpin many benefits. However, translating laboratory research into effective field inoculants remains challenging.
Research Limitation: Variability in effectiveness across cyanobacterial strains, plant species, and environments limits current understanding. More field testing is needed along with assessment of potentially negative impacts.
Originality/Value: This review highlights promising areas for cyanobacteria to promote agricultural sustainability while identifying knowledge gaps in genetics, plant-microbe interactions, and soil ecology that require further study. It emphasizes the need for locally-adapted, integrated solutions leveraging cyanobacteria\u27s multifunctional traits
Deterministic Parameters of Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as Influenced by Fractional Application of Nitrogen and Potassium
No full textAn experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Budgam- Shere Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, to evaluate the growth and yield variability of wheat as effected by split application of potassium (K) and nitrogen (N). The experiment was set up in a split-plot design replicated thrice with K splits as main plot factor and N splits as sub plot factor which resulted in 15 treatment combinations, viz. of K 30 kg/ha [K1: 100% as basal dose-(RFP); K2: 50% as basal dose + 50% at active tillering; K3: 25 % as basal dose + 75% at active tillering] and 5 treatments of N:120 kg/ha in split ratios of [N1 : 50% as basal + 25% at jointing + 25% at booting stage (RFP); N2:25% as basal dose + 75% at active tillering; N3 : 25% as basal dose +50% at active tillering + 25% at booting; N4 : 50% as basal + 50% at active tillering; N5 : 0% as basal + 75% at active tillering + 25% at booting]. The results revealed that growth parameters like dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, SPAD reading at various phenological stages and quality parameters like N content (%) of grain and straw, protein content of grain, yield and N use efficiency were significantly more with the application of K in two equal splits in the ratio of 50:50 as compared to the treatment where K was applied in one split as 100% basal dose. There was the non-significant effect of split application of K and N on days taken to different phenological stages. Increase in N content (%) of grain was 5.76 and 5.73% during the year 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. Average percent increase in grain yield, protein content of grain and N use efficiency (grain yield (kg)/kg N applied) with the application of K in two equal splits in the ratio of 50:50 during both the years was 12.46, 5.81 and 12.46% that was significantly higher as compared to recommended fertilizer application (K1)