Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Influence of Smart Fertilizer on Yield and Economics of Cowpea
No full textThe extent of agricultural land under cultivation is diminishing continuously as a result of improper over use of fertilizer leads to environmental contamination and productivity of land is also become diminished. Nonetheless, in order to fulfill the rising population\u27s nutritional needs as well as those of the developing industry, agricultural production must be enhanced. Smart fertilizers like Nano fertilizers are the new technologies to enhance the nutrient use efficiency them by improving crop yield in sustainable manner. Nano-fertilizers are the Nano-particles-based fertilizers, where supply of the nutrients is made precisely for maximum plant growth, have higher use efficiency, exploiting plant unavailable nutrients in the rhizosphere and can be delivered on real time basis into the rhizosphere or by foliar spray. Pulses are gaining more important position in Indian agriculture. But the average productivity of pulses is pulses in India (764 kg ha-1) is far below the average productivity of the world (848 kg ha-1). Basally applied nutrients are lost over time, thus applying important fertilizer to cowpeas during their critical growth is a effective strategy to enhance their yield. Especially smart fertilizers like Nano Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) and Zinc - Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (Zn EDTA) are very helpful in that. Therefore, the field experiment was done in the School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Gandhi gram Rural Institute, Gandhi gram, Tamil Nadu during January 2024 to April 2024 to assess the impact of Nano DAP and Zn EDTA on growth and yield of cowpea. There were seven treatments with three replications that were laid out in RBD. Among the different treatments, RDF 50% P, 100% NK + Seed treatment and two foliar spray 0.2% of Nano DAP + Foliar spray of 3% Zn EDTA (T7) was achieved a supremely improved growth parameters and yield attributes and yield. Experimental results clearly revealed that RDF 50% P, 100% NK + Seed treatment and two foliar spray 0.2% of Nano DAP + Foliar spray of 3% Zn EDTA(T7) has recorded the highest grain yield of 1720 kg ha-1 and BCR of 3.25
Sustainable Food Supply: The Interplay between Population Growth and Land Productivity Changes as a Pathway to 2030 and Beyond for Nigeria
No full textContext and Background: Sustainable food supply is a critical global challenge, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, where rapid population growth and limited land resources create a complex interplay with far-reaching implications. Thus, there will be a need to increase food production to keep pace with the population increase.
Goal and Objectives: This study seeks to analyse the interplay between population growth and land productivity changes in Nigeria as a pathway towards achieving sustainable food supply by 2030 and beyond, in line with Goal 2 of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which is aimed at “ending hunger, achieving food security, improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture.
Methodology: Data on land productivity and Nigeria\u27s population and Population growth for 1961-2022 was sourced from the Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (ERS-USDA, 2023). The data was analysed using descriptive statistics such as mean; standard errors and graphs; the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) was used to explain the interplay between population growth and land productivity changes in Nigeria.
Results: The results of the population estimates revealed that the model successfully converged and significantly (p<0) explained 98.3% of the variance of the endogenous variable that is, the population at an intercept of -2500.7. Of the hypothesized variables, year (1.212), cropland (9.14E-4), irrigated (0.283), and pasture (0.003). These findings imply that the future population would increase in each period until the series becomes explosive because, the coefficient of the lagged variable of population is positive and greater than 1, which is in contrast with the assumptions of the ARIMA model which should be less than 1. Thus, the study recommends adopting precision agriculture techniques such as GPS mapping, soil analysis, crop health monitoring, and automated irrigation to maximize crop yields, reduce costs, and transform farming practices in Nigeria
Guidelines and Opportunities of Mega Food Parks for the Food Processing Industry
No full textAgriculture is the backbone of our Indian economy and more than 70 per cent of rural households depend on agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. In the present scenario, the contribution of the agricultural sector to the GDP is steadily declining. To overcome this, it is necessary to develop the food processing sector, as increasing the life span of perishable agricultural products and promoting value addition will keep the agricultural sector alive in the future. With this in mind, the Government of India implemented the Scheme of Mega Food Park in the year of 2008 by the Ministry of Food Processing, which aims at providing a mechanism to link agricultural production to the market by bringing together farmers, processors and retailers to ensure minimizing wastage, increasing farmers income and creating employment opportunities, particularly in rural sector.
Mega Food Park is a cluster approach that supports the infrastructure for setting up food processing units. These food parks give a great impetus to the food processing industry by reducing food wastage at each stage of the supply chain with a particular focus on perishables. This article explains the various guidelines and opportunities available from the Central Government to set up a Mega Food Park
Study of Population Dynamics of Syrphid Fly (Order- Diptera, Family- Syrphidae) in ITM University Gwalior, India
No full textAn intriguing ecological interaction can exist between aphids and Syrphid flies, particularly in the setting of millet crops. Aphids (Order Hemiptera: Family Aphididae) are a problem variety of crops, including all types of millets. Syrphid flies (Order Diptera: Family Syrphidae) naturally prey on aphids when they are in their larval stage. Syrphid fly larvae are referred to as "aphid lions" or "hoverfly larvae." Aphids are the main source of food for these larvae, and they manage the aphid population in millet crops. Therefore, Syrphids are used as natural enemies and biological control agents and syrphid flies are advantageous insects in agriculture. The present study was conducted in the month of August 2021 to March 2022 (summer and winter season) to find out the population dynamic of syrphid flies in agricultural farms and the campus of ITM University. The target crops like maize, sorghum, pearl millets, okra, mustard crop, cabbage cauliflower, marigold and brinjal were tagged and marked and Syrphid fly larvae and pupa were counted four times in a month. The larvae and pupa were also collected and kept for adult emergence. The maximum number of larvae were collected from the Turari campus and were as a minimum found in CRC 2. The other predator like lady bird beetles were also observed but their population was very minor. The population of syrphid flies and larvae depends on the climatic conditions and the availability of foods and their prey
Effect of Nano Urea on Jamun (Syzygium cuminii L.) Grafts cv Konkan Bahadoli
No full textThe experiment was conducted during the period 2023-2024 at College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Ratnagiri. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with twelve treatments viz., T1: Control (Soil + FYM No nano urea treatment), T2: Top dressing (Soil +FYM mixture 2:1 + 2g urea /plant, T3 : Foliar spray of nano urea 500 ppm, T4 : Foliar spray of nano urea 1000 ppm, T5 : Foliar spray of nano urea 1500 ppm, T6: Foliar spray of nano urea 2000 ppm, T7 : Foliar spray of nano urea 2500 ppm, T8 : Drenching of nano urea 1500 ppm, T9 : Drenching of nano urea 2000 ppm, T10 : Drenching of nano urea 2500 ppm, T11 : Drenching of nano urea 3000 ppm,T12 : Drenching on nano urea 3500 ppm. All the treatments replicated thrice. From the findings, it is concluded that grafts drenched with 3000 ppm of nano urea showed outstanding results as that of control. At 270 days, after drenching of 3000 ppm of nano urea, grafts recorded maximum plant height (21.42%), highest stem girth (21.23%), number of branches (15.31 %), number of leaves (18.21 %), leaf area (23.05 %), absolute growth rate (34.73 %), dry weight of shoot (21.50%), dry weight of root (26.89 %), root length (30.72 %). Thus, it can be concluded that drenching of nano urea (3000 ppm) gives significant result to growth of jamun grafts
Influence of Pre-sowing Seed Treatments and Growing Media on Performance of Consecutive Sowing for Constant Production of Fenugreek Microgreens (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under Shade Net
No full textThe present investigation was conducted at the College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri, State-Maharashtra, India in 2023-24. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with factorial arrangement having eight treatment combinations and three replications. Factor A comprised two pre-sowing seed treatments: W1: Water soaking of seed and W2: without soaking, while, Factor B included four growing media: M1: Soil + FYM (3:1), M2: Coarse Sand, M3: Cocopeat and M4: Soil + Cocopeat (1:1).
The data recorded during investigation revealed that the pre-sowing seed treatments and media influenced the growth and yield parameters of fenugreek microgreens. Among two pre-sowing seed treatments, W1 (Water soaking) had superior effect on all growth and yield parameters compared to W2 (Without soaking). Among various growing media M4-Soil + Cocopeat (1:1) found superior in some growth parameters like, days for germination (avg. 3.39), yield (avg. 678.20 g/m2) and maximum number of cycles (avg.13.46). The treatment combination W1M4-[ Water soaking of seed + Soil + Cocopeat (1:1)] performed better in terms of days to germination (avg. 2.88), days required for harvest (8.33), yield (avg. 1505.57 g/m2), number of cycles (avg. 15) in 6 months
Resource Use Efficiency and Constraints in Organic Vs Inorganic Turmeric Farming in Gujarat, India
No full textIn organic farming MVP:MFC ratio for human labour, planting material and irrigation were -7.36, 9.82 and 43.6, respectively which indicated that human labour was over-utilized while planting material and irrigation were under-utilized from the results, we can clearly see that there was ample scope of increasing organic turmeric production by decreasing the quantity of human labour and increasing the quantity of planting material and manure. In case of inorganic turmeric farming MVP:MFC ratio for human labour, planting material, fertilizer and irrigation were -6.31, 11.38, -16.67, 54.33, respectively which indicated that human labour and fertilizer were over-utilized while planting material and irrigation were under-utilized. In case of organic farmers had constrains like stem rotting in turmeric, unavailability of labour, disease management, low availability of organic manures, no alternate of FYM and farmers get low prices, there is a need for a comprehensive framework that integrates organic farming with bottom up responses, technology diffusion with reciprocal knowledge flow from farmers’ institution and their local resources and innovation. While in case of inorganic turmeric farmers had constraints like labour scarcity, lack of co-operative societies, lack of technical guidance
Yield Gap Analysis in Adoption of Production Technology and Economics of Coconut at Farmers Field of Tumkuru District, India
No full textThe study was conducted with analysis of yield gap in adoption of production technology and economics of coconut through frontline demonstrations(FLD) at farmer’s field of Tumkur district, Karnataka state during the year from 2017-18 to 2019-20.The demonstrated plot yield obtained through frontline demonstrations was higher (9,932 nuts/ha) than the actual yield obtained by the farmers on their farm under own management practices (7,852 nuts/ha), but lower than the potential yield of coconut (12,300 nuts/ha).The data revealed that the total yield gap between potential yield and actual yield of coconut was 36.16 per cent, in which 20.92 per cent of yield gap between demonstration plot and actual farmers plot yield and 19.25 per cent of technological gap.
The maximum number of coconut growers adopted intercropping system (90.00 %) followed by irrigation method (86.66 %), whereas lesser adoption of harvesting of coconuts by coconut climber (26.67 %). More number of farmers were found to increase in adoption per cent of growing of green manure crops & incorporation (56.67 %) and soil sample analysis from coconut plot (53.33 %) and also improved soil fertility status of demonstrated plot as compared to farmers practices. There was significantly increased the yield of coconut (26.49%) after conducted the frontline demonstrations. The gross return, net return and B:C ratio was also found to increased in demonstrated plots as compared to farmers’ practice. The adoption of different production package of practices in coconut shows positive impact on yield and economics of coconut through adoption of demonstrated technology
Whitefly Screening of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) through Insecticide and Plant Extracts
No full textEight pesticides and five plant extracts were evaluated for efficacy against brinjal whitefly during rabi (2018-19) and kharif (2019-20) at Agricultural Research Station in Virinjipuram, Vellore, Tamil Nadu. Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 0.3 g l-1, imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.5 ml l-1, spiromesifen 240 SC @ 1.0 ml l-1, thiacloprid 240 SC @ 1.0 ml l-1, thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.4 g l-1, dimethoate 30 EC @ 2.0 ml l-1, and profenophos 50 EC @ 2.0 ml l-1, azadirachtin 10000 ppm @ 3.0 ml l-1, neem seed kernel extract at 5%, and leaf extracts of neem, bougainvillea and coconut at 10% were administered to 30-day-old plants at one month intervals. According to the findings, spiromesifen 240 SC (3.05 Nos / 3 leaves) spraying had the lowest whitefly population during the crop time. Thiacloprid 240 SC (3.28 Nos / 3 leaves) and thiamethoxam 25 WG (3.39 Nos / 3 leaves) were next in line. Plots treated with spiromesifen 240 SC, thiacloprid 240 SC, and thiamethoxam 25 WG showed the greatest population reductions (79.16, 77.59, and 76.84 percent) compared to the untreated control. Thiacloprid 240 SC @ 1.0 ml l-1 (5.22%), thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.4 g l-1 (5.87%), and azadirachtin 10000 ppm @ 3 ml l-1 (6.22%) were found to be the next treatments. Plots treated with spiromesifen 240 SC, thiacloprid 240 SC, and thiamethoxam 25 WG yielded the most fruit (28.79, 28. 01 and 27.24 tonnes ha-1, respectively), increasing their cost-benefit ratio by 36.63, 32.93 and 29.28 % over the untreated control
Multifaceted Responses to Heat Stress in Plants: A Review of the Morpho-physiological, Biochemical and Anatomical Changes
No full textHeat stress, a significant abiotic factor, adversely affects plant growth and productivity by disrupting various physiological and biochemical processes. Plants, being immobile, respond to environmental changes through alterations in gene expression, metabolism, and growth dynamics. Elevated temperatures, exceeding the threshold for heat tolerance, negatively influence critical functions such as photosynthesis, respiration, water balance, and membrane stability. Root development is particularly sensitive to heat stress, resulting in reduced root mass and impaired water and nutrient uptake. Photosynthetic capacity diminishes due to decreased chlorophyll content and impaired photochemical reactions, leading to reduced biomass and yield. Heat stress impacts plant water status by disturbing hydraulic conductivity and increasing membrane permeability, leading to dehydration and a decline in water potential. This stress reduces membrane stability, resulting in electrolyte leakage and cellular damage. It also induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which requires the activation of antioxidant enzymes to minimize oxidative stress. Also, to maintain osmotic balance and enhance stress tolerance, plants accumulate osmolytes such as proline. Additionally, anatomical adaptations in leaves, stems, and roots, such as changes in stomatal density, xylem vessel size, and gas exchange patterns, highlight the plant\u27s strategies to cope with heat stress. Understanding these varied responses is crucial for developing strategies to enhance crop resilience in the face of increasing global temperatures and climate change