Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Identification of Mutation Point and Trend Analysis of Area, Production and Yield of Wheat Crop in Gujarat, India
No full textThe study aimed to identify mutation points and analyze trends in wheat cultivation in Gujarat from 1973-74 to 2022-23 using time series data on wheat area, production, and yield obtained from the CMIE. Non-parametric methods, including Pettitt’s test, the Standard Normal Homogeneity (SNH) test, and Buishand’s range test, were employed to identify mutation points. Sen\u27s slope estimator measured trend magnitude, while the Mann-Kendall test assessed statistical significance. Results revealed 2004 as a key mutation point for wheat area, according to the Buishand range and SNH tests. The year 2002 was identified as a significant mutation point for wheat production by both the Pettitt\u27s and Buishand range tests, and for yield by all three tests. Sen’s slope analysis showed the highest growth in production (61.33 thousand tonnes/year, 2002-2023) and a lowest growth in the area (-3.52 thousand ha/year, 1973-2003). The analysis highlights the need to enhance agricultural practices and resource management to address the declining wheat cultivation area while capitalizing on the growth in production and yield for sustainable agricultural development in Gujarat
Response of Adenium (Adenium obesum) Types to Wedge Grafting
No full textThe present investigation entitled “Response of Adenium (Adenium obesum) types to wedge grafting.” was conducted at College of Horticulture,Dr.B.S.K.K.V., Dapoli,Dist.Ratnagiri (Maharashtra) during October-November of academic year 2023-2024. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) in ten treatment and three replications. The result revealed that early sprouting (11.47 days), number of sprout per plant (1.93), sprouting percentage (91.67 %) and survival percentage (86.67 %) maximum in type T3 (ADBSKKVCOH -3 Pink). Thus it can be observed that type T3 (ADBSKKVCOH -3 Pink) give significant result to sprouting as well as survival parameters by wedge grafting
Effect of Selected Botanicals and Carbendazim on Alternaria Blight Disease (Alternaria brassicae) of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
No full textMustard is an important oilseed crop in India. Alternaria leaf blight caused by Alternaria brassicae is an economically important disease of oilseeds. It reduces the quality and quantity of the seeds. To evaluates selected botanicals and carbendazim for the management of Alternaria blight (Alternaria brassicae) of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) by applying of foliar spray of botanical and seed treatment of carbendazim. The disease intensity (%), yield (q/ha), and cost benefit ratio were recorded. The minimum disease intensity (%) at 75 and 90 day after sowing was recorded on neem leaf extract + carbendazim (31.72) and (35.63) followed by lantana leaf extract+ carbendazim (33.54) and (38.72) as compared with the control (T0). The maximum yield (q/ha) was recorded (13.07q/ha) and cost benefit (1:1.85) neem leaf extract followed by lantana leaf extract + carbendazim as compared to untreated check(T0). This study will helpful for farmers those are shifting to organic farming as well as researchers to find out potent natural fungicides
In vitro Efficacy of Different Fungicides against Leaf Blight of Sunflower
No full textSunflower is one of the major oilseed crops cultivated in India. Alternaria leaf blight is one of the fungal diseases of Sunflower caused due the pathogen Alternaria helianthi, which is one of the significant limitations in the cost-effective cultivation of Sunflower in India. It is estimated that 20 to 80% losses in yield and heavy defoliation have been observed due to A. helianthi causal agent of leaf blight of Sunflower. Present investigation on evaluation on efficacy of different fungicides against leaf blight of Sunflower under in vitro condition by using Completely Randomized Design was conducted at Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Sharadchandra Pawar College of Agriculture, Baramati during. Under this study seven fungicides viz., Chlorothalonil 75% WP, Hexaconazole 5% EC, Carbendazim+Mancozeb 75% WP, Carbendazim 50% WP, Tebuconazole 25.9% EC, Propiconazole 25% EC and Azoxystrobin 23% SC were evaluated against the pathogen Alternaria helianthi causing leaf blight in Sunflower at their recommended concentration and observation on mean radial mycelial growth and percent mycelial growth inhibition of pathogen was calculated. Results revealed that among various fungicides the three fungicides viz., Hexaconazole 5% EC, Tebuconazole 25.9% EC and Propiconazole 25% EC were found most effective with minimum mean mycelial growth and having maximum and similar (94.44%) percent growth inhibition of pathogen and rest of the fungicides tested were comparatively less effective against the pathogen A. helainthi associated with leaf blight of Sunflower
Growing Green: Unravelling Trait Associations in Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) for Higher Biomass
No full textSunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is a leguminous crop native to India, cultivated for its industrial value and soft fibre. Its high biomass and nutrient content make it a good choice for fodder and green manure. As a legume, it thrives on poor or reclaimed soil, serving as a soil builder and nematode deterrent. In this study, the investigation was carried out with the objective of elucidating the associations among traits and their contribution towards high biomass in sunnhemp. The investigation was carried out with the objective of elucidating the associations among traits and its contribution towards high biomass in sunnhemp. Genotypic correlation analysis revealed significant associations between biomass and traits such as the number of primary branches (0.631), dry matter yield (0.543), leaf length (0.540) and leaf width (0.470). Phenotypic correlation analysis demonstrated that biomass showed positive correlation with number of primary branches (0.604), dry matter yield (0.540), leaf length (0.539) and plant height (0.456). In addition to this, path analysis revealed the direct and indirect effects of traits on biomass yield. The trait dry matter yield (1.421) exhibited the highest positive direct effect towards biomass yield. These findings suggest that selecting plants for plant height, leaf length, leaf width, dry matter yield and primary branch count can enhance biomass in sunnhemp breeding programs, which will further increase its value as a green manure crop
The Potential Use of Pheromone Traps in Managing the Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda
No full textThe Spodoptera frugiperda invasive pest was first reported in Karnataka in the year 2018 and now 2024 it has spread all over India. Commonly known as the fall armyworm, it is a destructive pest that affects a wide range of crops, particularly maize (corn), but also sorghum, rice, cotton, and various vegetable crops. Agricultural insect pest management is heavily reliant on synthetic pesticides, which do not accomplish long-term pest population reductions, particularly in areas with warm climates and extended growing seasons whereas continuous long-term pheromone-based control reduces population levels of targeted pest species. The lure for lepidopterans is generally based on the sex pheromone emitted by females Mating disruption, monitoring, and mass trapping are the major techniques of lepidopteran pest management that use female sex pheromones and they can be utilized alone, as in mating disruption or mass trapping, or in conjunction with pesticides, entomopathogens, and sterilants. In the experimental design, different densities of pheromone traps were used against Spodoptera frugiperda for monitoring pest populations in the study area.
By using different densities of pheromone traps, it was discovered that at trap densities of 8, 16, 24, 32, and Control, the Spodoptera frugiperda infection in maize crops was 61%, 51%, 30%, 10%, and 91.25%. The 10% infestation result lowest in maize crop with pheromone traps was an effective component of integrated pest management and often used in conjunction with other control methods such as biological control agents, cultural practices, and selective pesticide applications to manage fall armyworm populations sustainably and effectively.
The results showed that the percentage of fall armyworm infestation in maize crops dropped as pheromone trap densities increased. The F-test Two Sample for Variance indicated that there was a significant difference in FAW infestations between the trap densities (F = 13.05, P <0.01446) and F critical one tail 6.3882. This suggests that pheromone traps could be useful for monitoring fall armyworm males in the Maharashtra district of Nashik
Influence of Growth Regulators Application on Seed Development and Maturation in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.)
No full textThe experiment was carried out at National Pulses Research Centre (NPRC), Vamban, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University to assess the effect of growth regulators foliar sprayon seed development and maturation in Pigeonpea VBN (Rg) 3. Plant growth regulators viz., GA3 (200 ppm) and chlormequat chloride(CCC) 200 ppm were sprayed at vegetative (65 DAS) and flowering stage (80 DAS). The plants without any foliar spraying treatment considered as control. When 50 percent of the plants in a population have reached bud initiation stage, the buds were tagged and collected at five days interval from 5th day upto45th days after initiation (DAI). The variation in pod colour, changes in pod length and weight, seed fresh and dry weight, moisture content, germination and seedling vigour were recorded at regular intervals of five days up to 45 days after flower initiation. The results revealed that the maximum pod length, fresh and dry weight of pod and seed, seed germination and seedling vigour was observed in pigeonpea at 30 days after floral initiation (DAI) in chlormequat chloride (CCC) 200 ppm foliar treatment. The control i.e. without any foliar treatment had attained the physiological maturity at 35 DAI by recording all the physiological parameters viz. maximum pod length, fresh and dry weight, seed germination and seedling vigour. In pigeonpea, application of CCC @ 200 ppm as foliar treatmentleadsto attain physiological maturity at 30 days after initiation of flowering (DAI) by recording the highest seed weight, germination and seedling dry weight over control
Impact of Different Nutrient Management Strategies for Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium Uptake and Availability in Chilli (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.)
No full textA field investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, CSKHPKV, Bajaura (Kullu), Himachal Pradesh during kharif, 2022. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications comprising 12 treatment combinations of NPK fertilizers, biofertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB), organic and natural farming on chilli variety ‘Him Palam Mirch-2’. Different nutrient management practices significantly influenced NPK uptake and soil available N, P and K. The results revealed that treatment combination of 100% NPK + 10t vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB recorded significantly the N (1.260%), P (0.156%) and K (1.387%) content in chilli stalk, N (1.870%), P (0.447%) and K (0.865%) content in chilli fruit, total uptake of N (132.34 kg ha-1), P (26.32 kg ha-1) and K (90.60 kg ha-1) by chilli crop. At the end of the experiment, treatment combination of 100% NPK + 10t vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB recorded maximum available N in the soil while maximum P and K was recorded in treatment combination of 100% NPK + 10t vermicompost + PSB. Natural farming practice recorded lowest soil available N, P, nutrient content and uptake while organic farming practice recorded lowest value of soil available. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combined application of NPK fertilizers and organic inputs coupled with biofertilizers proved the best for NPK uptake and soil available N, P and K
Renewable Horizons: Solar Power and Dairy Industry in India
No full textRenewable energy is energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible such as wind power, solar power, geothermal energy, tidal power, bio-energy and hydropower. It is also known as non-conventional energy. Harnessing renewable energy offers numerous environmental benefits, including mitigating climate change, reducing air pollution, conserving natural resources, and enhancing energy security by diversifying energy sources. Solar resources are available in every country and both Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) technologies can be used to convert solar resource into electricity. SPV can use both direct and diffuse sunlight to generate power, while CSP relies on direct sunlight, restricting its deployment to areas with high Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI). Mandatory demand supported with higher subsidies for green technologies will positively attracts dairies towards use of solar energy. In many villages, power cut hinders the reception of milk from milk producers as electronic weighing system and milk testing instruments require uninterrupted power supply. solar-powered dairy operations offer resilience against power outages and fluctuating energy costs, empowering farmers with greater control over their operations. As the Indian dairy industry embraces solar power, it not only secures a greener future but also fosters economic growth and energy access in rural communities, marking a significant stride towards sustainability and self-sufficiency
Study the Socioeconomic Characteristics of Maize Grower in Aurangabad District of Maharashtra, India
No full textThe present study was designed to study the socioeconomic characteristics in Aurangabad district has been purposively selected for the study because Vaijapur and Gangapur tehsils having highest area under maize crop as compared to other tehsils in the Aurangabad district. The average age of the maize grower was 30 -40 years. This indicated that, maize growers were in adult age group. The educational status was evaluated which shows 5 per cent maize growers were illiterate. It is revealed that, 25 per cent were primary school level, 11.67 per cent were at college level, 11.67 per cent at SSC level, 46.66 per cent at HSC level. This indicated that the maize growers in the study area were educated, upto college level. In case of maize growers, that in case of maize growers, 95 per cent of the farmers sole occupation was Agriculture. While 1.66 per cent farmers were involved in both Agriculture and Business, and 3.34 per cent were involved in agriculture and service. In case of kharif maize growers, it was seen that, 35.02 per cent male, 31.91 per cent female, and 33.07 per cent of children. The maize growers had livestock within their farm. About 31.15 per cent had one bullock pair, 33.96 per cent of buffalo, 34.89 per cent of cow respectively. In case of maize growers, 33.34 per cent of the sample farmers had less than 2 hectares of land holding and 48.33 per cent of the farmers had 2 to 4 hectares of land while 18.33 per cent of the sample farmers had more than 4 hectare of land holding. The means majority of the farmers having 2 to 4 ha farmers. The proportionate irrigated area was 94.19 per cent. Net sown area was 100 per cent. While Gross cropped area was 100 per cent and cropping intensity was 143.21. The proportionate area under maize crop was 17.80 per cent. Followed by cotton, onion and wheat was 23.40, 14.11, 11.21, per cent. This indicated that, the cropping pattern of the maize growers was dominated by maize alone. The cropping intensity 143.21