Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Effects of Inter-community Conflicts on Beef Cattle Production among Pastoral Communities of Marsabit County, Kenya
No full textThe focus of this research was to determine the effects of inter-pastoral communities conflicts on beef cattle production, to determine the effects of livestock diseases on beef cattle production among pastoral communities in Marsabit County. The study employed a descriptive survey research method. Our study\u27s target population was made up of 1210 beef cattle keepers with a total population of 118,755 beef animals. Marsabit County was chosen at random using purposive sampling techniques. After stratification, 60 out of 200 registered farm groups was chosen at random. The researcher conducted a pilot study to determine the instrument\u27s suitability. Data was statistically handled, manipulated and analyzed by Statistical Software for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher employed both descriptive and inferential statistics where correlation analysis, chi-square analysis and standard multiple regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the variables as well as for making generalizations about the data. Diagnostic tests was checked to ascertain violation of assumptions. The study found out that these conflicts not only directly reduced cattle numbers but also instilled an atmosphere of fear and instability, discouraging investment and effort in cattle rearing. Proactive measures to mitigate inter-community conflicts, such as conflict resolution initiatives and improved security measures, are essential for safeguarding both livestock and human lives. The study recommends investing in conflict resolution measures and programs
Length – Weight Relationship of Rohu (Labeo rohita) Advanced Fingerlings under Sodic Soil Condition
No full textThe present study was conducted at the Instructional Fish Farm, College of Fisheries, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, in earthen ponds (8m×8m×1m). The experiment for 90 days, using Labeo rohita advanced fingerlings (avg. wt. 30.0 ± 0.5g) under sodic soil conditions. Five treatments were taken in triplicate, with 50 fingerlings per pond. T1 served as the control with traditional feed only (MOC+RB in 1:1 ratio, 5% of total fish body weight). T2 and T3 were fertilized with cattle dung (20 and t ha−1 yr−1) respectively. T4 and T5 received poultry droppings (10 and 7.5 t ha−1 yr−1) respectively. Results showed negative allometric growth (b<3), indicating fish becoming slimmer with length increase. Final weight gain was highest in T4 (110.9±0.9 gm) and T2 (108.7±0.88 gm), and lowest in T1 (70.7±0.49 gm)
Effect of Different Growing Media on Shoot Growth of Dragon Fruit Cuttings [Hylocereus undatus L. (Haworth) Britton & Rose]
No full textThe present investigation was carried out under open field conditions at Horticulture Research Farm, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh, India, to determine the effect of different growing media on the shoot growth of dragon fruit cuttings (Hylocereus undatus L.) during the years 2022–23. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RBD) with three replications. There were 8 treatments, viz., T1-Soil, T2-Sand, T3-Vermicompost, T4-Coco Peat, T5-Farmyard Manure, T6-Soil+Sand+Farmyard Manure, T7-Soil+ Sand+ Vermicompost and T8-Soil+Vermicompost+Coco Peat. Treatments have shown significant differences among the growth parameters in terms of number of days taken for sprouting, percent sprouting, number of sprouts per cutting, shoot diameter, length of sprout, number of spines/areoles, fresh weight of shoot, and dry weight of shoot. Among the treatment combinations, the least number of days taken for sprouting, maximum percent sprouting, maximum number of sprouts per cutting, maximum sprout and shoot length of stem cutting, maximum increase in diameter of shoot, maximum number of spines/areoles, maximum fresh weight of shoot, and maximum dry weight of shoot were found in treatment T7-Soil+ Sand+ Vermicompost, followed by T8-Soil+ Vermicompost+. Coco peat, while the minimum has been recorded in T1-Soil
Constraints in the Production and Marketing of Soybean
No full textThe production pattern as well as the consumption pattern of India has dramatically changed in the recent past. Soybean, a miracle crop with 40 per cent protein and 20 per cent oil has gained demand for consumption as well as oil extraction leading to increase in area under production. This paper has made an attempt to decode the constraints faced by farmers in the production and marketing of soybean in the study region so as to draw the attention of concerned authorities to come up with possible solution. The data related to agricultural year 2021-22 is extracted for present research. the primary data is collected by the personal interview method with the pre-tested schedule. Garrett’s ranking technique is used to interpret the data. It is inferred from the results that among production constraints non-availability or Inadequacy of required improved variety seeds in adequate quantities at the right time is the major constraint with the highest mean Garrett score of 74.34 followed by scarcity of labour during peak periods (Garrett score 51.12). Among various marketing constraints encountered by farmer respondents in soybean marketing in the study region. It was inferred that high price fluctuation was the major constraint with the highest mean Garrett score of 92.29 followed by untimely payment of sale proceeds (Garrett score 72.82). This article highlights the important constraints to be addressed to help farmers prosper in soybean production and marketing
Evaluation of Bioagents against Stemphylium vesicarium Inducing Stemphylium Blight in Onions (Allium cepa L.)
No full textStemphylium blight of onion incited by S. vesicarium is one of the economically important diseases, causing severe yield losses in onion crop. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate efficacy of different bioagents against S. vesicarium under in vitro conditions. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications per treatment. Five fungal biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. hamatum, T. virens and a fungal consortium from MPKV, Rahuri along with two bacterial biocontrol agents namely Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated for their effectiveness against S. vesicarium. The results showed significant variation in the inhibitory effects of bioagents on the mycelial growth of the test pathogen with percent growth inhibition ranging between 53.70 to 85.19 per cent. T. harzianum was reported to be most effective, showing a minimum colony diameter of 13.33 mm with the highest growth inhibition (85.19%) thus reported as superior to all other treatments whereas, Pseudomonas fluorescens was reported with a least percent growth inhibition (53.70%)
Comparative Evaluation of Nano Urea Versus Conventional Urea for Nitrogen Management in Rainfed Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Cultivation in Acid Sandy Loam Soils of Assam.
No full textA field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2021-22 at the experimental plot of the Department of Agronomy, Biswanath College of Agriculture (BNCA), Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Biswanath Chariali, Assam having geographic coordinates 26°43\u2730\u27\u27 N and 93°08\u2708\u27\u27 E to assess nitrogen management in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with conventional and nano urea under rainfed farming situations in the North Bank Plain Zone of Assam. The experiment confined to 10 treatments in Randomized Block Design (RBD) viz., T1: Control (No Nitrogen), T2: Soil application of 50% N, T3: Soil application of 100% N (RD), T4: 3 foliar applications of 0.6% nano urea, T5: Soil application of 50% N + 2 foliar application of 1% conventional urea, T6: Soil application of 50% N + 2 foliar application of 2% conventional urea, T7: Soil application of 50% N + 2 foliar application of 3% conventional urea, T8: Soil application of 50% N + 2 foliar application of 0.2% nano urea, T9: Soil application of 50% N + 2 foliar application of 0.4% nano urea, T10: Soil application of 50% N + 2 foliar application of 0.6% nano urea. Results revealed that there was no significant effect on the seedling emergence percentage due to different nitrogen management treatments. The highest plant height (84 cm) and maximum number of leaves (33) were found in T10. T9 showed the maximum values of Relative Leaf Water Content (RLWC) (71%), leaf area index (LAI) (3.2 and 4.2 at 60 and 90 DAS), chlorophyll content index (30 DAS) and head diameter (16.70 cm). For most of the growth and phenological parameters, T9 and T10 were at par with each other. T1 (no nitrogen) was the earliest to complete its life cycle which is reflected in 50% heading (65 days) and days to maturity (97 days). Dry matter accumulation varied at different time intervals, initially, it was highest in T3 but later T9 and T10 showed the maximum values. In terms of seed yield, test weight and chaffy grain percentage (%), T9 showed the best results: (1505 kg/ha), (54 g/1000 seeds) and (20%) respectively, followed by T10. Whereas the highest stover yield was recorded in T10. The highest Benefit to Cost ratio (B:C ratio of 1.60) was obtained in the T9
Johnson Grass (Sorghum halepense) Interference, its Effect on Crops Yield and Soil attributes under Different Cropping Systems and Management Practices
No full textJohnson grass (Sorghum halepense) is one of the most detrimental and toxic weeds among the weed species. Its environment is expanding unceasingly due to deeply expanding of its rhizomes in the soil, self-pollinating reproduction strategy, accelerated growth and poor management which results in production losses of major agronomic crops. Mungbean and sorghum are important crops grown on significant acreage around the world, and a major constraint for their production losses is weeds interference. Thus, field studies were conducted to examine Johnson grass interference, control, and recovery under different management practices and cropping system and its effects on crops production and soil health. Our results indicated that the Johnson grass density was minimized by the application of plastic sheet mulch treatment under wheat-mungbean cropping system. Johnson grass competition had a significant impact on growth and grain yield of both mungbean and sorghum. The crop yield parameters; 100 grain weight and grain yield were lowest in the non-treated treatment (control), while the greatest values of these parameters were recorded in the plastic sheet mulch and post emergence herbicide treatments with wheat-mungbean cropping system. Similarly, soil building attributes; available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter content were positively affected by the interaction of plastic sheet mulch + wheat-mungbean cropping system. Besides this, benefit-cost ratio of the research shows that wheat-mungbean cropping system with application of plastic sheet mulch and post emergence herbicide also proved to be economically feasible. Overall, we have concluded that wheat-mungbean and wheat-sorghum are most resilient cropping system with the implementation of plastic sheet mulch and Post Emergence Herbicide to suppress the spread of Johnson grass under changing climatic scenarios
Economic Efficiency of Banana Production in Uttara Kannada District of Karnataka, India
No full textAim: Banana cultivation holds significant agricultural importance, contributing substantially to global dietary staples. This study Examines the economic efficiency of banana production in Uttara Kannada district.
Sampling Design: Employed purposive and multistage sampling, the study focuses on Sirsi and Siddapur taluks, selecting 80 farmers through random sampling.
Methodology: The research examines resource utilization by employing the Cobb-Douglas production function and evaluate efficiency levels by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).
Results: Allocative efficiency in banana cultivation is apparent through positive MVP/MFC ratios for inputs like suckers (15.89), manure (1.91), fertilizers (7.21), machine labor (1.75), and propping material (6.66), indicating underutilization. Conversely, plant protection chemicals (-22.35) and human labor (-1.20) show negative ratios, signifying overutilization. The ratio of MVP to MFC was differed from unity indicating scope for reallocation of expenditure among various resources. Using Data Envelopment Analysis, individual farm technical and economic efficiency was assessed. Banana, Crop I had a mean technical efficiency of 70.30, while Crop II had 49.40. The results highlight room for improvement, especially in Crop II, emphasizing the need for better resource allocation. Major production constraints include labour scarcity, poor planting material, and pest issues. Marketing hurdles encompass price fluctuations, limited storage, and distant markets.
Conclusion: The study emphasizes the banana cultivation revealed significant impacts of resource utilization on yield, with suckers, fertilizers, and plant protection chemicals showing substantial effects. Allocative efficiency analysis indicated underutilization of resources, suggesting potential for yield improvement. However, farmers face challenges including labour scarcity, quality planting material, price fluctuations, and inadequate storage facilities in production and marketing
Impact of Raw Milk Quality on Dairy Products & Payment Systems
No full textThe trend of microbial quality of raw milk is affected by the seasonal variation in in milk production practices and ambient temperature with the season. A payment system, which includes testing for selected parameters, with subsequent rejection and/or penalties or bonuses, is considered functional to improving raw milk quality. In addition to the minimal legal requirements, milk may be graded (and paid) according to its “quality,” usually measured according to composition (fat, protein, lactose, other solids, free fatty acids), hygienic quality. Psychrotrophic microbes, particularly Pseudomonas spp., are found in the microbiota of chilled milk because they can grow at temperatures below their optimal growth temperature. Psychrotrophic counts ranging from 105 to 108 CFU/ml in refrigerated raw milk affect cheese quality, since the synthesized thermoresistant enzymes affect the nutritional value, sensory properties and texture. Therefore, stringent measures must be implemented throughout the dairy supply chain to ensure the microbial quality of raw milk is maintained at safe levels, thus safeguarding the integrity and safety of dairy products for consumers
Efficacy of Methyl Eugenol and Cuelure Traps for Monitoring of Cucurbit Fruit Fly (Bactrocera spp.) in different Doses in Pumpkin
No full textThe present study on the “Efficacy of methyl eugenol and cue lure traps for monitoring of cucurbit fruit fly (Bactrocera spp.) in different doses in pumpkin” was conducted in the Department of Entomology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, during 2020-21.Among the 3 different doses tested, methyl eugenol rakshak trap with 1.5ml +2 ml (methyl eugenol +malathion 50 % E.C. were significantly superior in attracting highest number of fruit flies B. zonata and B. dorsalis with trap catches of 69.39 fruit flies /trap/week followed by 2ml +2ml doses (49.36 fruit flies/trap/week). 1ml + 2ml (methyl eugenol +malathion 50% E.C. performance was significantly lower to other doses (42.47 fruitflies/traps/week) and other three doses tested, cue lure rakshak trap with 2 ml + 2ml (cue lure + malathion 50% E.C) were significantly superior in attracting highest number of fruit flies B. cucurbitea and (19.92 fruit flies /trap/week) followed by 1.5 ml +2ml doses (13.69 fruit flies/trap/week). 1ml + 2ml (cue lure +malathion 50% E.C. 50 % E.C performance was significantly lower to other doses (7.42 fruitflies/traps/week)