Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Assessment of Weed Management Practices on Weed Control and Productivity as Evidenced by Economics and Energetics Analysis in Groundnut
No full textA field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2021 to assess the effect of various weed management practices in groundnut at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar on loamy sand soil. Among different treatments, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, interculturing and hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS, post-emergence application of sodium acifluorfen 16.5 + clodinafop-propargyl 8 EC @ 165+80 g/ha and imazethapyr 35 WG + imazamox 35 WG @ 70 g/ha have recorded lower % of category wise weed density (sedges, grasses, broad leaf weeds and total weeds) resulting in significantly higher pod and haulm yield in two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (1980 and 3082 kg/ha, respectively) which was found at par with interculturing and hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS (1892 and 2950 kg/ha, respectively), post-emergence application of sodium acifluorfen 16.5 + clodinafop-propargyl 8 EC @ 165+80 g/ha (1835 and 2864 kg/ha, respectively) and imazethapyr 35 WG + imazamox 35 WG @ 70 g/ha (1800 and 2811 kg/ha, respectively) as compared to unweeded check (846 and 1333 kg/ha, respectively) apart from witnessing higher gross monetary returns, net monetary returns, net energy returns, energy use efficiency, energy productivity due to effective control of grasses, sedges, broad leaf and total weeds in these treatments as compared to unweeded check
Assessment and Delineation of GPS-GIS Based Soil Fertility Maps of Instructional Farm, Malegaon Tehsil Baramati
No full textThe present investigation was conducted in the year 2023-24 at division of Soil Science, Dr. Sharadchandra Pawar College of Agriculture, Baramati with an objectives to assess the soil available nutrient status and delineation of GIS based maps of soil available nutrients. Using Arc-GIS 10, Version 10.8, fertility maps of the available macro nutrients were created. The area under the Instructional Farm had soil pH ranged from 7.11 to 8.32, categorized into the slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline categories while the EC varied from 0.21 to 1.99 dSm-1, indicating that most of the soils were non-saline. The soil\u27s organic carbon and calcium carbonate contents ranged from 0.21 to 0.97 per cent and 1.50 to 19.75 per cent and they were classified into low to high and low to very high categories respectively. In the Instructional Farm, the ranges of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were 85.50 to 360.75, 23.29 to 80.08 and 202.5 to 968.68 kg ha-1 respectively. The Instructional Farm soils had very low to moderate levels of available nitrogen, moderately high to very high levels of available phosphorus and moderately high to very high levels of available potassium. The implementation of GPS-GIS-based techniques for soil sampling represents a significant advancement that will allow researchers and institute officials to track changes in soil fertility over the years. The soil fertility maps created for the Instructional Farm will be invaluable for establishing a scientifically sound fertilization schedule
Coconut Cultivation in South Konkan Region of Maharashtra: A Study of Economic Well-being
No full textA study on economic well-being was conducted in the South Konkan region with 144 sample coconut growers. The objective behind this study was to estimate cost, returns, profitability and financial feasibility of coconut production. The study was conducted by means of adoption index, standard cost concept and financial feasibility measures. Numerous technologies have been suggested by the Regional Coconut Research Station, Bhatye, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, to enhance the quality of coconut production after extensive research in the field. The extent up to which the technologies were adopted was 45.51 per cent overall. This suggested a wide scope for raising the adoption rate. The economic analysis of coconut production in the research area showed that growing coconuts through the use of recommended technology was profitable. It was observed that farmers are saving more on each expense due to the high adoption rate. In coconut cultivation, the net present value was positive (Rs. 230665). The B: C ratio is greater than one (1.41) and the internal rate of return (IRR) is higher than the going interest rate (23.01%). This demonstrated the economic viability of coconut production. The policy should be made to spread the recommendations to the farmers and training should be provided to farmers on larger scale for more profitable production
Performance of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Grafts cv. Alphonso Raised in Soilless Media in Various Types of Containers
No full textIn world, Konkan region is famous for cultivation of king of mangoes ‘Alphonso’. Along with production, export and processing of Alphonso, this coastal belt is famous for supply of best quality planting material producing more than one crore grafts every year. Mango grafts are raised in polybag of size 6” x 8” weighing 1.5 kg available for sale after 9 months. In recent years, it was reported by farmers that polybags produced seedlings having spiralled and deformed root system reduce outplanting survival and performance of mango grafts within few years after plantation. Use of discarded plastic water bottles as root trainer could be a feasible alternative for seedling propagation. An experiment entitled “Performance of mango (Mangifera indica L.) grafts cv. Alphonso raised in soilless media in various types of containers” was carried out during the period 2023 at Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri in randomized block design with four replications and six treatments viz. T1-Nursery bag (6×8 Inch), T2-Green bottle (2.25 lit), T3-Transparent bottle (2.25 lit), T4-Transparent bottle (1 lit), T5-Black root trainer (0.5 lit), T6-Nursery bag (6×8 Inch) (with soil:FYM 3:1 as control). Mango grafts raised in transparent bottle (2.25 lit) with media cocopeat + leaf manure + vermicompost (1:1:2) recorded the highest sprouting (98.13 %), height (29.33 cm), girth (12.32 mm), leaf area (523.48 cm2), root length (25.50 cm), dry root weight (11.00 g) and survival (98.13 %) at 180 days after grafting with 1.84 benefit: cost
Effect of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.)]
No full textA field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) during Rabi season of 2023-24 to effect of Sulphur and Zinc on growth and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.), variety “Bio-902‟ was used in this study. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Maximum growth attributes such as, plant height (146.30 and 143.90 cm), number of branches per plant (8.28 and 8.05) and dry matter accumulation (326.17 and 324.32 g/plant) and yield attributes such as number of siliqua per plant (285.20 and 282.49), number of seed per siliqua (13.20 and 13.10), seed yield (20.40 and 20.18 q/ha), stover yield (69.84 and 69.58 q/ha) and maximum net return (66449.75 and 66557.00 Rs/ha) was recorded with combine application of 60 kg/ha Sulphur and 7.5 kg/ha Zn. Therefore, it was concluded that application of 40 kg Sulphur and 7.5kg zinc ha-1 found suitable to produce good yield of Indian mustard. Maximum values of growth parameters and yield also recorded with application 60 Sulphur kg ha-1 and 7.5 zinc kg ha-1
Advancing Precision Agriculture: The Role of UAVs and Drones in Sustainable Farming
No full textModern sustainable agricultural production trends pose a need to change production technology processes with the application of techniques, and tools that cause less environmental pollution and contribute to ensuring health safety in general. Precision agriculture can be defined as an agricultural production process that includes the application of information technology and various types of sensors, satellite positioning, and monitoring of farming machinery. Aerial remote sensing is regarded as one of the most crucial technologies for smart and precision agriculture. This mini-review aims to summarize the applications of drones in precision agriculture with special reference to crop monitoring and pest management. Drone equipped with modern capabilities like Artificial Intelligence integrated systems with multispectral cameras help the farmers to observe aerial images of crops in real time. Camera-equipped drones use advanced image data analysis tools to identify diseased or defective plants which assists the farmer in crop monitoring. Also, the fully automatic pesticide spraying system analyzes real-time data and is capable of spot spraying. The use of drone-borne sprayers in the field increases coverage, chemical effectiveness, and make spraying operations easier and faster. Each type of drone has its performance drawbacks, such as high operating and maintenance costs, limited flight range, time, and payload capacity, but with accelerating technology development and the systems integrated into drones, they offer a promising role in advancing precision agriculture
Current Situation, Challenges and Opportunities of Agriculture in Afghanistan
No full textThis article provides a quick and brief assessment of the present condition, difficulties, and prospects of Afghanistan\u27s agriculture industry. It discusses essential issues of the Afghan agricultural sector, including its relevance in the country’s economy and the potential for growth and reduction of poverty. Despite its limitations, Afghanistan has economic prospects, including export potential, investment in irrigation projects, uncultivated agricultural land, availability of modern technology, private sector investment, and agroecological zones. Investing in irrigation infrastructure, using modern technology, and private-sector participation may considerably boost agricultural output and economic growth. The government plays an important role in supporting agriculture through policies like subsidies, scientific research and development, extension programs, and measures to increase productivity and financial access
Combining Ability of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (l.) R. Br.] Hybrids Involving Diverse CGMS Lines and Restorers
No full textThe experimental material comprised of five female lines, ten male lines of pearl millet, their 50 hybrids developed by line × tester design and one standard check hybrid (GHB 1231). They were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications at Main Pearl Millet Research Station, J.A.U., Jamnagar during kharif 2023 for studies of combining ability of pearl millet. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that mean squares due to females and males were significant for all the characters under studied. The result indicates that significant contribution of both female and male toward total variation. The mean squares due to females × males were significant for all the 12 characters under studied except days to maturity. The variance ratio of gca and sca showed that the non-additive gene action was pre-dominant for the expression of all traits studied except days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. Among the parents two female parents viz., ICMA1 95444 and JMSA5 20212 and five male parents like J-2597, J-2569, J-2580, J-2637 and J-2641 were found good general combiners for grain yield per plant. The gca effect of parents indicated that ICMA1 95444 was found good general combiner for all the characters under studied. The highest positive sca effect was manifested by cross ICMA1 94555 × J-2580 (20.53) for grain yield per plant followed by JMSA5 20212 × J-2562 (14.58) and ICMA1 95444 × J-2372 (13.15)
Investigation on the Biological Characteristics and Thermal Requirements of Egg Parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea bactrae on Eggs of Cotton Pink Bollworm
No full textThe biological traits and thermal needs of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja was assessed on the eggs of the Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella to predict the ideal temperature for the release of the parasitoid. A card with 300 P. gossypiella eggs was offered to T. bactrae adults in a 5:1 ratio at temperatures 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 and 36 oC. All developmental stages of T. bactrae were monitored at each temperature, however, no parasitism or development occurred at temperature 36°C. The highest parasitism rate was observed at 28°C (76.03%), and emergence rates exceeded 85.65% between 18 and 30°C. Temperature variations affected both the development duration and adult longevity, with higher temperatures leading to shorter development times and reduced lifespan. The highest proportion of female offspring was recorded at 20°C (73.67%). The total heat requirement for complete development was calculated to be 136.98 degree-days (K), with a lower threshold temperature identified at 11.75°C
Impact of Climate Change on Sericulture
No full textClimate change is likely to pose problems to agriculture and its related industries in the future, which could result in both global and local development. The sericulture sector is impacted by climate change in a number of ways. Rising annual mean temperature, irregular rainfall, humidity, lack of management practices, accumulation of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and lack of management practices will lead to reduced production of raw silk, mulberry leaf yield, silk content, breakage in silk thread during reeling or spinning, water stress, drought, risk of soil acidification and salinization, decomposition of organic matter, Nitrogen fixation, and mineralization of N, P, and S and unpredictable monsoon. The impact of global warming on silkworms is more concerned as they participate in several biotic interactions that are critical to the ecological functioning of our country and significantly boost its GDP