Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
Not a member yet
752 research outputs found
Sort by
Efficacy of Fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Ciceri: An In vitro Study
No full textChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important crop in the world after dry bean. It belongs to the family Fabaceae. A large number of diseases have been reported on chickpea among them wilt is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri is the most important economic disease. The evaluation of systemic, non-systemic and combined fungicides against wilt pathogen of chickpea in vitro by poison food technique was carried out to know the effective fungicide against F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. The systemic fungicides viz., azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, and thiophanate- methyl was tested at 250, 500 and 750 ppm, among them cent per cent growth inhibition was observed with the tebuconazole 25.9 EC followed by thiophanate- methyl 70 WP (79.04%) whereas azoxystrobin 23 SC (55.41%) observed lowest per cent growth inhibition. The non-systemic fungicides viz., chlorothalonil, propineb, and copper oxychloride was tested at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm, among them highest mean per cent growth inhibition was observed with the copper oxychloride 50 WP (74.50%) followed by chlorothalonil 75 WP (58.10%) whereas propineb 70 WP (47.72%) observed lowest per cent growth inhibition. The combined fungicides viz., tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 63% WP, carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% WS and metiram 55% + pyraclostrobin 5% WG was tested at 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm, among them cent per cent growth inhibition was observed with the tebuconazole 50 %+ trifloxystrobin 63% WP followed by carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% WS (78.21%) whereas metiram 55% + pyraclostrobin 5% WG (62.00%) observed lowest
Plant Density Manipulation on the Growth of Tephrosia bracteolata Guill. & Perr. and Associated Weed Species
No full textThis study investigated the influence of plant density manipulation on dry matter accumulation and weed-suppressing ability of Tephrosia bracteolata. The seeds of Tephrosia bracteolata were sown on a field with 0.2 m inter-row spacing while intra-row spacing was varied from 0.1 m – 1.6 m. The plant densities were D0 = 0 Plants/m2, D1 = 50 Plants/m2, D2 = 25 Plants/m2, D3 = 12.5 Plants/m2, D4 = 6.25 Plants/m2 and D5 = 3.125 Plants/m2. The experiment was conducted in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Data were collected 16 weeks after sowing on Plant Height, Number of Leaves, Stem Diameter, Shoot Dry Weight, and Weed Dry Weight. Weed species were enumerated using 0.5 m by 0.5 m quadrats to calculate species relative importance value, Shannon-Wiener index, dominance index, and equitability index. The results showed that plant density on plant height and stem diameter were not significantly different α0.05, while number of leaves, shoot dry weight, and weed dry weight observed at 12.5 Plants/m2 were significantly different at α0.05 compared to other plant densities. Twenty-eight weed species and one woody tree species were enumerated. Desmodium scorpiurus, Diodra sarmentosa, and Tridax procumbens were the most important species, while species dominance was low across plant densities. Shannon-Wiener index was highest in 6.25 Plants/m2 (2.425) and lowest in 50 Plants/m2 (1.911). The equitability index was lowest in 50 Plants/m2 (0.745) and highest in 0 Plants/m2. These results suggest that Tephrosia bracteolata sown at 12.5 Plants/m2 positively influenced dry matter accumulation and weed suppression
Effects of Graded Dietary Probiotic Levels on Growth Performance and Muscle Protein Content in Juvenile Golden Trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus)
No full textThe golden trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus) is a favourable option for aquaculture due to its fast growth, valuable market value, and exceptional flavour. It is crucial to identify techniques for optimising production through growth enhancement in golden trevally aquaculture. This experiment aimed to assess the effect of grading levels of probiotic (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g kg ⁻¹) on the golden trevally, G. speciosus (initial weight 8.51 g ± 0.53). Each diet treatment had three replicates, and fed the fish over a duration of four weeks. The growth performance and protein and fat content in the muscle were evaluated. At the end of the experiment, the incorporation of probiotics into the golden trevally diet resulted in a statistically significant improvement in growth (P < 0.05). The survival rate of fish fed the probiotic diet was not statistically different from that of the control group. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment, the protein concentration was 20.30 to 21.15% in the flesh of golden trevally fed diet B2, B3 and B4, which was significantly increased in comparison to fish fed control diet (P < 0.05). In conclusion, nutritional treatment with probiotics trevally improves growth, survival, and body composition in juvenile golden fish. It is recommended to add 1 - 2 g of Bacillus kg-1 diet of golden trevally to improved growth, survival and protein content. This trial represents the first investigation into the advantages of probiotics for golden trevally; however, researchers should undertake additional studies on physiological effects and stress resilience
Effect of Fertigation Frequency on Growth and Yield of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Micro-Irrigation
No full textFertigation is well known for increasing crop nutrient use efficiency, but not much is known about how frequently crops should receive fertigation. The majority of current research focuses on fertigation methods or total fertilizer dosages, but little is known about how fertigation frequencies affect crop growth. In order to assess the impact of varying fertigation frequencies on the growth and yield, a field trial was carried out at the Instructional Farm of the Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, CAET, Dapoli, Maharashtra. Leafy vegetable spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) was selected for this study in sandy loam soil which had favourable physical and chemical characteristics. Using water-soluble NPK and urea fertilizers, the study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications and seven fertigation treatments (F1 to F7). Treatments ranged from daily (F1: 30 equal doses) to weekly (F7: 4 doses), representing increasing fertigation intervals. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used in the statistical study to look for significant differences between the treatments. The findings showed that daily fertigation (F1) performed significantly better than all other treatments, with plant height (35.5 cm), and yield (25.83 t/ha). As fertigation intervals increased, a steady reduction in performance was noted. According to the results, high-frequency fertigation improves nutrient uptake, which boosts production and growth
Economic and Technological Impacts of UAS-Bengaluru Crop Varieties on Karnataka Agriculture, India
No full textThe review article synthesizes evidence from multiple studies assessing the economic and technological impacts of improved crop varieties released by the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru (UAS-B), over the past few decades. UAS-B has played a pivotal role in enhancing agricultural productivity in Karnataka through sustained research and varietal development in crops such as finger millet, red gram, sugarcane, and sunflower. The review highlights significant yield improvements, increased net returns, and enhanced Total Factor Productivity (TFP) associated with varieties like GPU-28, KMR-204, BRG-2, and VCF-0517. Resource use efficiency analyses reveal underutilization of key inputs such as land and capital, indicating potential for further optimization. Additionally, economic surplus studies affirm the broader societal benefits of varietal adoption, with strong consumer and producer gains. Farmers\u27 positive perceptions of these technologies suggest high relevance, cultural compatibility, and potential for wide-scale diffusion. The review underscores the critical importance of sustained public investment in agricultural research and the need for dynamic policy support to accelerate the development and dissemination of location-specific, climate-resilient technologies for sustainable agricultural growth
Analyzing the Effects of Integrated Nutrient Management on the Growth and Yield Attributes of Maize (Zea mays L.)
No full textA field study was conducted over two consecutive years (2020–2022) at the Research Farm of Agronomy, Alpine Institute of Technology, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different integrated nutrient management (INM) treatments on the growth, yield attributes, and economic viability of maize cultivation. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications to ensure statistical accuracy. Seven treatments were evaluated: T1 (Control), T2 (50% RDF + FYM + Bio-fertilizer consortium), T3 (75% RDF + FYM + Bio-fertilizer consortium), T4 (100% RDF + FYM + Bio-fertilizer consortium), T5 (100% RDF), T6 (125% RDF), and T7 (FYM + Bio-fertilizer consortium). Growth parameters viz., plant height, LAI and dry matter accumulation were recorded at regular intervals, while yield-contributing traits including cob weight, cob length, cob girth, number of grain rows per cob, and number of grains per cob, grain yield, stover yield and Harvest index were observed at harvest. Among all treatments, T4 (100% RDF + FYM + Bio-fertilizer consortium) consistently outperformed the others, recording the highest values in key yield attributes. Specifically, T4 recorded a plant height of 179.2 cm, LAI (5.95) and dry matter accumulation of (448.4 g), cob weight of 192.7 g, cob length of 17.8 cm, cob girth of 4.4 cm and 454 grains per cob. Highest Grain (6.03 tons ha-1) and stover (10.7 tons ha-1) yields were calculated on a per-hectare basis to assess overall productivity
Economic and Environmental Evaluation of IoT-Based Smart Irrigation Systems for Rice Cultivation in South Korea
No full textRice serves as a primary food source for more than half of the world’s population, but its production demands large amounts of water, raising concerns about food security. This study examines the impact of IoT-enabled smart irrigation systems (MIS) in South Korea, focusing on paddy field areas and rice yields across different provinces. Implementation of MIS led to a 20–50% reduction in water usage, up to an 88% decrease in labor requirements, and lower fuel and energy consumption, while boosting rice yields by around 39% and reducing the water footprint per unit of production by 29%. Despite these benefits, high initial costs and technical complexity may limit adoption among small-scale farmers. Overall, the results highlight the potential of MIS to enhance economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, and productivity, contributing to climate-smart and sustainable rice cultivation
SWOT Analysis of Contract Farming for Certified Rice Seed Production in Myanmar
No full textExporting rice from surplus rice production is major source of foreign exchange in Myanmar and using certified rice seed is important to get higher rice yield. Private seed companies are now producing certified rice seed doing contract farming with local farmers in Myanmar. Main objective of this study was to know the current situations of contract farming for certified rice seed production in Myanmar. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis method were used to understand the situation among contract seed farmers. A total of 98 contracted rice seed producer farmers in the Mandalay Region were purposively selected and interviewed, using a structured questionnaire, in January 2025. The results show that the major strengths factors were that farmers received advance capital for seed production without using their own capital, they can sell the rice seed immediately at harvest time and obtained higher market price for rice seed. However, the major weaknesses were the unstable seed price at harvest time, the multiple stages required in rice seed production to meet seed quality standard and the need for local skilled labor in rice seed production. As for the opportunities, farmers can obtain higher yields, access to seed production technologies, enhance their ability to work in group activities and build network with entrepreneurs and departments which provide mutual benefit for both farmers and company. Meanwhile there were three main threats: limited irrigation water, high price of agricultural inputs and requirement for a third party to negotiate between farmers and company. Strategies matrix was formatted from this research for contracted seed producer farmers to develop certified rice seed production through contract farming system. Contract farming for certified rice seed production from this research resulted stabilize higher income for farmers that would be strengthen linkages between seed producer farmers and seed companies
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Native Melon (Cucumis melo var. agrestis L.) Genotypes Using Morphological Traits
No full textMelon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important vegetable crop grown worldwide having large genetic variability in morphological traits like fruit size, shape and forms. The present study was carried out to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in 41 genotypes of melon for eleven quantitative traits at Research Farm, Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during spring-summer 2022 following randomized block design with three replications. A wide range of variation was observed amongst the studied traits. The highest PCV and GCV (>20%) was observed for traits like average fruit weight (38.91%, 38.81%), fruit length (37.65%, 37.55%), node to first male flower (36.80%, 36.41%), node to and fruit shape index (28.31%, 28.03%). Low PCV and GCV estimates indicate least environmental factor in the expression of the traits. High heritability coupled with high GAM was observed for almost all the traits studied with highest observations recorded for average fruit weight, fruit length, node to first male flower and fruit shape index, indicating that additive gene action governed these traits and therefore, these traits can be effectively improved through direct selection. The findings of this study can be further validated by evaluating the same genotypes in subsequent seasons or different locations to confirm trait stability. Overall, the best performing genotypes can be utilized in yield, quality traits and in future resistant melon breeding programme
Determinants of Contract Participation and Profit Functions for Certified Rice Seed Production in Myanmar: A Heckman Two-stage Model Approach
No full textThe private sector involvement is gradually rising in rice seed production through contract farming and contract farming is playing an increasingly important role in many developing countries. Now certified rice seeds are being produced by contract farming with local farmers and private seed companies in Myanmar. Certified rice seed production in Mandalay Region was chosen as the study area because most of seed production farms are located in Mandalay Region. Heckman two-stage model was developed by Heckman (1979) and it had been used in this study to examine the dependent and independent variables for the contract participation and profit of the certified rice seed production. Socioeconomic characteristics and institutional factors of certified rice seed producer farmers were examined. According to the contract participation regression estimates, the schooling year of the household head showed a significant and negative relationship with contract participation and non-farm employment was also found to have a significant and negative effect indicating that farmers who have non-farm employment were less likely to participate in contract farming. Similarly, the seed-producing area showed negative correlation that the small holder farmers are more participating in contract farming than large-scale farmers. Moreover, farmers with higher seed producing experience were more participating in contract farming. Membership in a seed grower association, and the number of meetings with the seed company were all positive and highly statistically significant factors affecting contract participation. The profit of certified rice seed producing were affected by the number of seed-producing training and the number of field extensions provided form the Department of Agriculture (DOA). Hired labor cost, material cost and machinery cost were negatively affected to the profit. In contrast, the rice seed price was found to have a strong positive and highly significant effect suggesting that higher seed prices encourage greater profits of the seed production