Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Comparative Technical Efficiency and Constraints in Seed and Grain Production of Chickpea Variety JAKI-9218 in Amravati District of Maharashtra, India
No full textChickpea is one of the major pulse crop, cultivated in Amravati. Chickpea cultivation in India covered approximately 960.84 thousand hectares, yielding 11.34 million tonnes with an average productivity of 1180 kg/ha. The present study was undertaken to conduct a Comparative Technical Efficiency and Constraints in Seed and Grain Production of Chickpea Variety JAKI-9218 in Amravati District of Maharashtra. The study aimed to identify and analyze the determinants of technical efficiency and to evaluate the major constraints faced by farmers engaged in certified seed and grain production. Amravati district was purposively selected due to its suitability and popularity for cultivating the JAKI-9218 variety. Within the district, two tehsils—Chandur Railway and Morshi—were purposively selected, as they have a larger area under chickpea cultivation. A total of 120 farmers were selected 60 engaged in certified seed production and 60 in grain production. This paper shown the factors affecting of technical efficiency and constraints faced by chickpea producers. Efficiency analysis showed that irrigation, family size, and education significantly influenced seed producers’ performance, while irrigation and landholding were key determinants for grain producers. Garrett Ranking Analysis showed that labour-related problems, especially labour scarcity during peak seasons and high wage rates, were the major constraints in both seed and grain production. Seed producers additionally faced issues like seed plot maintenance, risk of rejection, and limited credit access, while grain producers struggled with poor seed quality and high input costs. Addressing these challenges through improved irrigation, labour support, training, and access to quality inputs can further enhance productivity, profitability, and sustainability in chickpea cultivation
The Role of Soil Health in Enhancing Agricultural Profitability: An Economic Perspective
No full textThis paper also demonstrates that the health of the soil is central to improving the profitability of agricultural enterprises in economic terms. Hence, sustainable agriculture practices like conservation tillage and other compatible practices, organic farming and more techniques like vermicomposting and biochar application etc. have become inevitable in the Indian Scenario for maintaining resilience of the soil and for enhancing productivity. Out of the Government of India’s Soil Health Card launched in 2015, one can see how the use of soil test-based fertilizers is greatly encouraged, improving further the profitability of agriculture. Such as in Andhra Pradesh, evaluating various aspects of the enhanced method of monitoring of soil health and its parameters reveals promising results which have a positive impact on the state’s agriculture and farmers. A study identifies reduction in minimum soil tillage, retention of crop residue, and differential nitrogen replacement on the yield and profitability of crops. Moreover, initiatives like Agrivoltaics have started to surface in the effective management of Climate Smart Agriculture in diverse climates and uncertain monsoons. Signing legislation and applying the concepts of the market incentive affect the improvement of the soil quality for the enhancement of sustainable agricultural production and income. When such practices are adopted, the Indian farmers and the country in general will be in a better position to improve fertility of the soils, increasing crop yields and equally resulting to better positioned economic stability to the backbone of the economy the agricultural industry
Impact of Foliar Application of Nutrients and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield, and Profitability of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)
No full textA field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) during Rabi season of 2023-24 to effect of Nutrients and Plant Growth regulators on growth and yield of Mung bean variety “SML-832‟ was used in this study. The result revealed that the maximum growth parameters such as plant height (51.22 cm), dry matter accumulation (24.33 g), number of primary branches per plant (8.12), number of nodulation (35.85) and yield parameter such as number of pods per plant (17.10), number of seed per pod (9.20), grain yield (10.95 q/ha), straw yield (20.02 q/ha) and biological yield (30.97 q/ha) with application of T9-Urea @ 2% + Salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation + Nitrobenzene @ 500 ppm at flower initiation. It was concluded that the treatment T9-Urea @ 2% + Salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation + Nitrobenzene @ 500 ppm at flower initiation increases growth and yield of mung bean
Assessment of Cadmium Levels in Selected Local and Imported Fruits and Vegetables in Iraq: A Study on Environmental and Health Risks
No full textHeavy metals, such as cadmium, are among the most hazardous environmental pollutants that threaten the quality of agricultural products and human health. This study, conducted in Iraq, analyzed 22 plant samples, including the peels and pulp of 11 types of local and imported fruits and vegetables, using precise analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed significant variations in cadmium levels across different plant parts, with concentrations in the pulp being, on average, 4 to 21 times higher than in the peels in 10 out of 11 samples, except for Syrian potatoes, which recorded higher concentrations in the peels. This highlights the influence of soil and surrounding environmental conditions on cadmium uptake. Some samples, such as Syrian cucumbers (0.41 ppm in the pulp), exceeded the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (0.1 ppm), reflecting the impact of contaminated phosphate fertilizers or irrigation with polluted water. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the quality of water and fertilizers used in agriculture. Adopting sustainable agricultural practices is crucial to minimizing heavy metal accumulation in crops and ensuring food safety for consumers in Iraq
Effect of Different Phosphatic Fertilizers on Yield and Economical Suitability of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)
No full textA field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) during Rabi season of 2023-24 to effect of different phosphatic fertilizers on yield and economical suitability of mung bean variety “SML-832‟ was used in this study. The result revealed that the maximum yield parameter such as number of pods per plant (23.96), length of pod (5.78), number of seed per pod (7.68), grain yield (10.96 q/ha), straw yield (24.45 q/ha) and biological yield (35.43 q/ha) with application of T9-40 kg P2O5 ha-1 from DAP + 100 kg Gypsum ha-1. The maximum Gross return (74500 Rs/ha), Net return (53700 Rs/ha) and B:C ratio (2.58) also recorded with T9-40 kg P2O5 ha-1 from DAP + 100 kg Gypsum ha-1. It was concluded that the treatment T9-40 kg P2O5 ha-1 from DAP + 100 kg Gypsum ha-1 increases yield and economically suitable treatment for mung bean production
Occurrence and Intensity of Major Diseases of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) in SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India
No full textRoving survey was conducted during rabi 2022-23 to know the severity of diseases in blackgram growing mandals namely., A.S Peta, Kondapuram, Kaligiri, Vinjamuru, Podalakur and Kandukuru and covers 33 villages. The highest Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) per cent disease index of 36.4% was recorded in Bommaraju cheruvu village of kaligiri mandal. Necrosis Disease or leaf curl disease in blackgram crop is becoming key viral disease next to MYMV. However, the highest incidence of 19.76 % was recorded in Nekunnampeta village of Kondapuram mandal. Whereas lowest leaf venial necrosis incidence of 2.5 % was observed in Amancherla village of podalakur mandal. The severity of Alternaria leaf spot ranged from 2.3-37.4 Per cent Disease Index. Of all the mandals surveyed, the highest mean incidence (21.8%) was recorded in Kaligiri mandal followed by 18.3% in Vinjamuru mandal. In the surveyed villages average per cent disease severity ranged from 4.2 to 43.7%. The highest (43.7%) disease incidence was observed on variety PU-31 in Magadevapuram village of Kandukur mandal. Of all the surveyed mandals, highest disease incidence was recorded in kandukur mandal with 18.4 % and lowest with 0.0 per cent disease incidence was observed in Vinjamuru mandal. The severity of Bacterial leaf spot ranged from 3.8 to 43.2 Per cent Disease Index observed on TBG 104 variety. Overall, our survey study provides information on the status of disease severity with cultivars adopted by farmers, which are helpful in development of resistant varieties and suitable management practices
Molecular and Phenotypic Screening of Wheat Cultivars against Stripe Rust Caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
No full textStripe rust is a devastating foliar disease of wheat threatening its productivity. During field screening, conducted in the Division of Plant Pathology, P.G. Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College Amritsar, cultivars were categorized into resistance and susceptible on the basis disease severity was noted at 10 intervals, Final Rust Severity (FRS) is observed using modified Cobb’s scale. Out of 34 cultivars, 5 cultivars were resistant, whereas 8 cultivars were susceptible including PBW343 as check. PBW621, PBW660 and PBW766 cultivars were resistant and showed presence of both genes Yr10 and Yr15. Further, SSR marker Xpsp3000 revealed 260 bp fragment in 12 cultivars which signifies presence of Yr10 gene and 240 bp fragment in 22 varieties which depicts absence. Likewise, Xbarc8 marker showed PCR fragment of 250 bp in 10 cultivars which marks the presence of Yr15 gene, while 24 varieties showed the amplification of 280 bp fragments which signifies the absence of Yr15 gene. The resistance genes Yr10 and Yr15 provide all-stage resistance along with few other genes are still effective against most predominant pathotypes in North India viz., 46S119, 110S119, 238S119, 78S84 for durable disease resistance to wheat crop
Integration of Sprinkler Technology and Precision Irrigation for Enhanced Resource Management in Crop Production: A Review
No full textThe non-judicious allocation of water resources at the farm level, predominantly through traditional irrigation methods, presents a critical challenge to global sustainability, particularly given that the agricultural sector consumes in excess of 70% of available freshwater. Enhancing application efficiency through the deployment of advanced pressurized techniques, specifically sprinkler irrigation, is an essential strategy for mitigation. This review systematically assesses the evolution of sprinkler technology and its critical convergence with precision irrigation (PI) methodologies. A modified literature exploration, based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines, was used wherein only primary field studies published after 2005 were included and review articles and simulation-only studies were excluded. Citation chaining was additionally used to identify key irrigation engineering papers. Findings confirm that traditional sprinkler systems achieve a remarkable 39% reduction in water consumption and elevate water productivity by over 14.1% when contrasted with surface gravity systems. Furthermore, the technological apex is reached when sprinkler application is coupled with PI automation and sensor integration. Such systems realize an additional 20−30% water saving and contribute to significant crop yield increases, ranging from 20% to 27.5%. Critical technological domains analyzed include the optimization of mechanical systems (Center Pivot and Linear Mover), the innovation in low-pressure hydraulic nozzles, and the development of responsive control systems, such as Model Predictive Control (MPC). The study underscores that future research must prioritize developing easily adoptable, cost-effective advanced control algorithms and refine nozzle hydraulics to reliably minimize wind drift and evaporation losses, which often compromise application efficiency
Yield Losses Caused by Lepidopteran Pest Complex Infesting Maize in Himachal Pradesh, India
No full textBackground: Maize is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world. However, it is affected by various lepidopteran pests throughout its growth cycle, leading to severe infestations and significant yield losses each year.
Methodology: A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the yield losses caused by different lepidopteran pests in maize during kharif 2022 and 2023 in Palampur. The experiment was laid out employing paired plot technique where one plot was treated with insecticide emamectin benzoate 5 SG and the other was left untreated.
Results: The higher per cent infestation was recorded during 2023 (20.63%) than 2022 (12.25%). The grain yield in protected plots were 37.33 q/ha and 43.24 q/ha during 2022 and 2023, respectively as compared to 33.36 q/ha during 2022 and 37.88 q/ha during 2023 in unprotected plots resulting in yield losses to the tune of 10.62 and 12.40 per cent during 2022 and 2023, respectively.
Conclusion: The study showed higher infestation and yield loss in 2023 than 2022 with peak incidence at the vegetative stage, underscoring the need for regular monitoring and effective IPM practices to manage pests and sustain maize yield
Evaluation of Yield and Wilt Tolerance Performance of Some Tomato Genotypes Using Multivariate Analysis
No full textTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an economically important and nutritionally rich crop, serving as a key source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Enhancing genetic potential is essential to improve yield, disease resistance, and adaptability. This study evaluated fourteen diverse tomato genotypes, collected from Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur to assess their morphological and yield performance. The experiment followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Significant genotypic variability was observed across all traits, indicating broad potential for selection. PCA explained 47.2% of total variability through the first two components, grouping genotypes into three distinct clusters. Strong positive correlations were found among fruit length, weight, and yield traits, while fruit number showed a greater influence with yield per plant. Genotypes G5, G7, G10, and G11 demonstrated superior yield, desirable fruit characteristics, and low wilt incidence, making them promising for future breeding programs. The results highlight substantial genetic diversity and provide a strong basis for developing high-yielding, disease-tolerant tomato varieties