Journal of Global Ecology and Environment
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Effect of Crude Oil Polluted Soil on the Reproductive Growth of Plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.)
No full textSoil polluted by crude oil is detrimental to the survival of plants and microbes. Plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) is a major important food crop, showing tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. This study investigated the impact of soil polluted with Bonny Light crude oil (BLCO) on the reproductive growth of two plantain cultivars. Crude oil was added to agricultural soil on which plantain suckers were planted. Reproductive growth was then periodically assessed. The number of suckers was significantly higher in French plantain plants grown on polluted soil in comparison with control. False Horn plantain plants on unpolluted soil produced more suckers in comparison to the plants on polluted soil. Also, the time between planting to flower bud appearance and flower bud appearance to bud opening reduced in plants on polluted soil in both cultivars in comparison with the control. Statistically, there was an insignificant decrease in the fruit size of False Horn plantain on polluted soil compared with the control while there was an appreciable increase with a significant effect in fruits size of French plantain on polluted soil compared with the control. Generally, French plantain tolerated the stress induced by crude oil pollution of soil in its reproductive growth more than False Horn. The reproductive growth of False Horn and French plantain cultivars show that there could be varied response to crude oil polluted soil
Solid Waste Management Practices in Nakasongola Town Council, Uganda
No full textSolid waste generation rates are rising and the world\u27s cities are believed to be generating about 2.01 billion tons of solid waste, amounting to a footprint of 0.74 kilograms per person per day. The rapid population growth and urbanization has exacerbated the condition concerning solid wastes. This study focused on the management of the solid wastes in Nakasongola Town Council, Uganda. Specifically, it aimed at the determining of the types of wastes generated, determined the existing solid waste management methods employed by the residents in the area, and examined the factors that influenced the solid waste management practices among the residents of the town council. A descriptive survey design was utilized to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from the 160 households within Nakasongola Town Council. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires, interviews, direct observations and documentary reviews. Key findings with their corresponding means, indicate organic wastes (4.21), plastics (4.26), rubbish and ashes (3.65) were the major types of wastes produced by the residents of Nakasongola Town Council. Incineration (4.36), composting (4.29) and sanitary landfill (4.15) were the main practices used to manage solid wastes in the town council. However, the solid waste management practices in the study area are influenced by the income levels of the residents (86%), household size (66%), level of education (59%) and stability of the residents living in the town council (72%) among others. The study concludes that solid waste management practices in Nakasongola are significantly influenced by demographic factors, particularly attitudes, income levels, and knowledge of waste management, highlighting the necessity for targeted interventions to improve waste management outcomes in the community. Based on the findings, the study recommends implementing comprehensive community education programs on solid waste management, introduction of affordable waste disposal options, and adoption of a policy for better management of solid wastes at the lowest level of governance
Assessment of Biomass, Carbon Stock and Sequestered CO2 in Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Plantation at Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Campus, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
No full textCarbon sequestration through tree plantation has significant role to mitigate the increasing level of CO2. Accurate measurement of carbon in teak plantations is required for estimating their contribution to global carbon stocks. The purpose of present work was to assess total biomass, carbon stock and sequestered CO2 in an 18 years old teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) plantation using allometric equations. Estimated total biomass, carbon stock and sequestered CO2 were 79.31, 37.28 and 136.66 t ha-1, respectively. Teak plantations in Chhattisgarh serve an important role in carbon sequestration, which contributes to climate change mitigation. It is a fast-growing species with robust, high-carbon wood, accumulates a substantial quantity of carbon over time. Expanding and sustaining these plants reduces atmospheric CO2 levels while also benefiting the region’s economy through timber production and forest-based livelihoods
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mycorrhizal and Potassium-Humate on Some Physiological and Agronomical Characters of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) under Saline Soil Conditions
No full textSalinity stress is an ultimate challenge restricting wheat production worldwide. A field experiment was carried out during 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 winter growing seasons at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, under salt-affected soil (El-Hamrawy Farm) Kafer El-Sheikh, Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate four bread wheat cultivars, i.e. Misr1, Shandaweel1, Sakha95 and Gemmeiza11 under different biological-fertilization; (control, a mycorrhizal fungi and potassium-humate) using a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main-plots were assigned to the four wheat cultivars and the biological-fertilizer treatments were assigned to the sub-plots. Results indicated that Misr1 cultivar gave the highest values for chlorophyll a (mg/l), chlorophyll b (mg/l), total chlorophyll (mg/l), proline content (mg/g fresh weight), carbohydrate content (%), protein content (%), relative water content (%), number of spikes/m2 and grain yield (ardab/fed), while Sakha95 cultivar recorded the highest values for flag leaf area (cm2), plant height at harvest (cm) and 1000-grain weight. Shandaweel1 recorded the highest values for spike length (cm), number of spikelets/spike and number of grains/spike. Gemmeiza11 cultivar recorded the lowest values for all wheat physiological and agronomical characters comparing with the other wheat cultivars. However, the results of biological-fertilization with (mycorrhizal-fungi, potassium-humate and control) were significantly influenced all the physiological and agronomical characters under this study. The highest values of the most characters were obtained with potassium-humate treatment, which led to increase grain yield/fed, compared to the lowest values which were occurred in control treatment (without biological fertilization)
Investigation of the Relationship between Environmental Conditions and Public Health in Developing Countries from a Psychological Perspective
No full textThe surrounding landscapes and environmental conditions significantly influence humans psychologically, physically, and in quality of life. By examining both environmental conditions and overall human health, it is possible to enhance health support and implement more effective policies. Landscape affects human beings significantly in various aspects, including political, aesthetic, health, and well-being. Although the previous studies focus on developed countries, fewer studies have been conducted in third-world countries. This paper aims to investigate the impact of everyday environmental conditions on health in third-world countries, specifically through the lens of environmental psychology. Data were collected through field research in Guatemala. Generally, suburban and rural areas with suitable environmental conditions have a positive health effect compared to urban areas with poor environmental conditions. Our results suggested that these effects include mental health improvements, physical illness recovery, and overall well-being. Our study advocates for stronger governmental support and increased public awareness regarding the influence of environmental conditions on overall health to reduce emissions and improve both environmental quality and health outcomes
Effect of Contact Time on the Sorption of Metal Ions Associated with Produced Water on Pulverized Oyster Shell (OS) as Adsorbent
No full textThe aim of this research is to investigate Metal ion sorption potentials of pulverized Oyster Shell as adsorbent in produced water from selected flow stations in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Produced water samples were collected from six (6) different oil drilling installations (CC7T, CC8T, WELL 2 GSS, WELL 8 TEB, AZUZUAMA ST 1, AZUZUAMA ST 2) around the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. The waste oyster shell was collected in Akpan-Andem Market in Uyo, Akwa-Ibom State and processed using well established protocols. Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) was used to determine selected metals’ Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Calcium (Ca) and Potassium (K) concentrations. The obtained values for Nickel ranged from 0.076mg/l at AZUZU-AMA ST1 flow station to 2.882 mg/l at WELL2-GSS flow station with average value of 0.745 mg/l. The obtained value for Cobalt ranged from ˂0.001 mg/l at CC-8T and CC-7T to 0.277 mg/l at AZUZUAMA ST1. Values obtained for Cu, Fe, Pb, Ca, and K ranged between: 0.195 mg/l at WELL2-GSS to 0.449 mg/l at AZUZU-AMA ST1; 2.785 mg/l to 89.279mg/l; ˂0.001 mg/l to 0.483 mg/l; 16.217 mg/l to 92.714 mg/l and 96.386 mg/l to 105.416 mg/l respectively. Generally, the amount of metal ions absorbed/adsorbed onto pulverized Oyster shell (OS) increased swiftly within 2 hours and slowly with further increase of contact time and then tended to be stable. For pulverized Oyster shell adsorbent, the adsorption/absorption capacity decreases with the increasing contact time. The adsorbent (OS) isn’t good material for removal of Calcium and Cobalt in produced water but was very effective adsorbent for Ni, Fe, and Pb removal in produced water and less effective for Cu and K removal from produced water. The study underscores the need to further probe outcome of above research at different pH and other relevant variables as well as compares its efficiency with other detoxification technologies like Detoxification by chemical reaction (DCR) technology
Mapping Vegetation Types and Land Use Dynamics in Kanyabaha Wetland from 1990 to 2021
No full textWetlands are crucial ecosystems providing essential ecological services, yet they face increasing threats from human activities. This study focuses on Kanyabaha Wetland in Uganda, examining its vegetation dynamics over three decades (1990-2021) using Landsat satellite imagery. The research characterizes land use and cover types including papyrus, grasslands, farmlands, tree plantations, built-up areas, and woodlands. Remote sensing data was processed and classified using ArcMap software, validated through field verification, resulting in high overall accuracy (>75%) across all study years. The images were analyzed using a hybrid of unsupervised (ISO data) and supervised (Maximum Likelihood) classification techniques. Findings reveal significant shifts in vegetation cover, with papyrus dominating initially but declining over time due to expansion in farmlands and settlements. Grasslands also decreased, while areas under farming and built-up structures expanded. Transition matrices illustrate these changes, highlighting stable and shifting landscape dynamics. Statistical analyses indicate a decrease in papyrus cover from 51.5% in 1990 to 39.1% in 2021, while farmland and built-up areas increased from 3.0% to 31.6% and 3.2% to 5.1%, respectively. This study highlights the vulnerability of Kanyabaha Wetland to anthropogenic impacts, necessitating targeted conservation strategies to sustain its ecological integrity amid ongoing land use changes
Phthalate Esters in Water and Surface Sediments of Anambra River in Dry Season: Distribution and Human Health Risks Assessment
No full textThis study investigated phthalate ester (PAE) contamination in water and sediment samples due to their persistence and potential health risks as endocrine disruptors. Sediment analysis revealed pH ranged from 5.35 to 6.72, with total organic carbon (TOC) levels varying between 0.74% and 2.56%. Water pH values were within WHO guidelines (5.5–8.5), and turbidity levels ranged from 0.60 to 1.40 NTU. Phthalate concentrations in sediment revealed Monobutyl phthalate (MBP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Dipentyl phthalate (DPP), Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Sample SA exhibited the highest levels of MBP (0.40 mg/kg) and DEP (0.93 mg/kg). In water samples, MBP peaked at 0.01 mg/kg, while DEP reached 0.03 mg/kg, with DBP (0.07 mg/kg) and DEHP (0.08 mg/kg) also detected. Phthalate contamination in water remained below harmful thresholds. A health risk assessment calculated Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Hazard Quotients (HQ) for both children and adults. CDI results indicated higher risks for children, with DBP (2.20E-06 mg/kg/day) and DEHP (2.46E-06 mg/kg/day) showing the greatest concern. The HQ for children was highest for DBP (0.22), though still below the risk threshold. Adults exhibited lower CDI and HQ values, with minimal non-carcinogenic risk. These findings highlight the need for continued monitoring of phthalate pollution, especially given children’s heightened vulnerability
Impact of Masks Made by Additive Manufacturing during the Period of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic
No full text3D printing technology made numerous contributions to the healthcare sector during the recent coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID-19). This review discusses some of these contributions of 3D printing that helped protect multiple lives during this health emergency and lists some of the key benefits of using 3D printing technology during an emergency over other traditional methods. This research confirms that 3D printing is very useful in times of severe supply shortages and excess demand. This review recognizes the collaborative approaches of individuals, entrepreneurs, academics, and companies that have helped form a global network to deliver 3D printed medical and nonmedical components, making additive manufacturing (3D printing) a representative alternative to produce ergonomic, cost-effective products and sustainable masks that reduce their environmental impact
Investigating from Application to Soil Fertility of Biodegradable Banana Peel Plastic
No full textThe development of degradable plastic replacement seems more urgent with time. This study examined the practical applications of banana plastic to see if it has appropriate properties for packing, decoration, and craft materials. Further, beneficial effects on soil from biodegradable plastic materials were investigated. The banana peel plastic was created with multiple processes, such as grinding, HCl hydrolysis, glycerin plasticization, and NaOH neutralization. Subsequently, the banana dough was molded to form the final product with low-temperature treatment. Physical properties of density, tension, endurance, and shrinkage were evaluated, while chemical properties of biodegradability, pH resistance, and flammability were examined. And various craft items were molded and painted to examine their artistic values. And a soil fertility study was carried out.
And the biodegradability results showed that 53.0, 45.0, 5.0 percent changes were recorded over the course of 12 weeks in food-waste soil, regular soil and, salt water soil, respectively. Further, the banana bioplastic was also found to be physically stable without much change in density in solution pH from 6.0 to 10.0. The flammability test showed that banana plastic took significantly longer to catch flame and produced less toxic fumes (P<0.05). The banana plastic as packing materials held items in a box more securely, while it showed multiple superior craft materials. The soil pH, bean growing pattern, and earthworm reflex test demonstrated that the soil with degraded banana plastic became more fertile compared to the regular soil (P<0.05)