Journal of Global Ecology and Environment
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Investigating Gasoline Contamination Effects on Daphnia’s Heartbeat in a Simulated Lake
No full textGasoline evaporates quickly on the water\u27s surface compared to other liquid agents. Gasoline, even in trivial amounts, can adversely affect fish and plants that live there. Its vapors may be toxic to birds and mammals at high concentrations. On land, spilled gasoline can rapidly diffuse into the soil, potentially causing groundwater or surface water contamination. And, the gasoline swept with water should be collected into the much larger water body such as lakes and rivers, in which Daphnia thrives while assisting the healthy ecology of so many other aquatic organisms.
This study used groups of beakers filled with gasoline-contaminated water, vegetable-ground organic materials, and a magnetic stirrer, simulating water currents and organic components in freshwater reservoirs. The effects of gasoline concentrations, organic matter existence, and temperature were investigated. The results showed that the gasoline was highly toxic for the survival of Daphnia, considering their death at a relative concentration of less than 0.1mL of 0.01 ml gasoline/water solution. The heartbeat change% and survival% in 1.0-hour incubation were mathematically proportional to the variables of gasoline concentration, temperature and organic matter amounts, and stirring forces in the gasoline-contaminated water. The dependency of each variable was quantitatively identified. Further study might be needed to understand deeper for mutual relationships of the variables
Assessment of Effluent Recycling Process and Drilling Waste Management Procedure in Some Niger Delta States
No full textThe assessment of effluent recycling process and drilling waste management procedure in some Niger Delta States in Nigeria to identify ways to minimize cost in oil production, have been investigated. Niger Delta States are located in southern part of Nigeria, which are known to be the highest in crude oil production in Nigeria, however, the process of exploration and extracting of the oil also affects the ecosystem of that particular area. A comparative design was taken, which analysed various indices in the conventional methods of drilling waste management applied in a site in Edo State northern part of Nigeria, and comparing it to some modified methods employed in the wellhole locations in Imo State. The research was conducted in a wellhole site located in Ohaji Imo state, southern part of Nigeria, afterward, a correlation was drawn between the volume of generated waste and the drilling waste management, in order to develop a cost-effective model of waste management in the region. From the result obtained from the quantitative measures taken at the four drilling sites in Edo and Imo States, a significant reduction in waste volume of about 50% was observed, which therefore minimized the cost of drilling observed in Ohaji site, maybe as a result of the enhanced drilling design layouts using the effluent recycling method adopted in that location. The study therefore recommends the adoption of effluent recycling as a technique to be incorporated in the management of drilling waste during onshore petroleum development in the Niger Delta, among others, which would improve productivity
Physicochemical Alteration and Water Quality Index of Ede-Onyima Lake, Okarki-Engenni, in Rivers State, Nigeria
No full textFreshwater quality is deteriorating as a result of ongoing threats from both anthropogenic and natural sources, resulting in an overall loss of ecological integrity. To provide an easily-understandable summary of complex water quality data, water quality indices (WQIs) -the Canadian water quality index (CWQI 1.0) model -was used for two distinct purposes, to assess the portability of the water and its suitability for the protection of aquatic life. The Canadian Council of Ministers Environment\u27s water quality index (CCME WQI) was calculated by combining three variables: scope (F1), frequency (F2), and amplitude (F3), to produce a single value between 0 (worst) and 100 (best) representing the water quality. Predominantly impacted by the F3, which resulted in a WQI score of 32. Ede Onyima lake was ranked “poor” indicating that it is unfit for human consumption and aquatic life protection. The lake was impaired by high turbidity (86 NTU), trace metals such as Fe (20.73 mg/L), Mg (8.67 mg/L), and Mn (5.92 mg/L) loads. Their remobilization during turbulent flow portends a harmful effect on the Ede Onyima\u27s water quality, indicating the critical need for a cohesive lake watershed management system to sustain conservation purposes of the lake and sustenance lake-dependent livelihoods
Investigating the Effects on Cardiac Functionality of Daphnia magna by Residential Chemical Products
No full textMany new residential chemical products have been commercialized with advancements in chemical technology and the sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Including herbicides and insecticides, many disinfectants now claim 99.99% bacteria-killing capacity are ubiquitous around the house. It is deemed an urgent issue to make the public aware of the toxicity of new residential chemical products. The acute effects on cardiac functionality induced by the 30-minute incubation were evaluated in serially diluted solutions while measuring the heartbeat of Daphnia. Since they are sensitive invertebrate models and have fundamental biological systems close to those of humans, the Daphnia’s heartbeat change might be used as a model to test the new chemical entities’ tolerability. Eight residential chemical products were chosen, and their heartbeat difference was plotted for dilution factor. The ratio of the testing chemical’s area under the curve (AUC) to ethyl alcohol AUC was defined as a toxic index and compared among the testing articles. The results showed that the toxic index was significantly greater for the groups of Malathion and Triazicide while smaller in lambda-cyhalothrin and geraniol (P<0.05). The order of the toxic index seemed to be fit for the toxicity data. More studies might be needed to clarify the underlying mechanism of such effects
Identification and Establishing Floral Calendar in Jimma Zone of Oromia Ethiopia
No full textBee flora resources are crucial for the development of beekeeping. The study aimed to find and construct a flowering calendar for bee plants in order to produce many batches of honey. Data were collected through bee plant inventory, pollen collection and honey pollen analysis. Based on bee plant inventories, pollen load collection, and honey pollen analysis, 103 plant species were identified as nectar and pollen sources for honeybees. Ageratum conizoides, Guizotia scabra, Cordia africana, Datura arborea, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex nervosus, and Justicia schimperiana were the most common honey-producing plants in the area. The fresh weight of pollen gathered at various months of the year revealed that a substantial amount of pollen was collected in September, October, and November, but the incoming pollen weight decreased in March and July. The area\u27s peak honey flow period began in November and lasted until early December or late February. The modest honey flow also occurred in May and June. Pollen examination of honey samples indicated three monofloral honey types: Guizotia spp., Vernonia, and Croton monofloral honey types, with pollen frequencies ranging between 45% and 100%. The study indicated that the floral calendar of bee forages is completely reliant on the seasonal availability of food sources, and beekeepers should be aware of how to manage honeybee colonies in accordance with the flowering calendar in their area in order to enhance the frequency of honey production
Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indoor Fine Dusts from Residential and Public Buildings in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
No full textThe sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor fine dust from residential and public buildings in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria was investigated using source apportionment tools such as diagnostic/isomeric ratios, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). A total of twenty-seven indoor fine dusts comprising of twenty samples from residential building and seven samples from public buildings were collected from Port Harcourt. The PAHs in the dust samples were quantified by gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after extraction by ultra-sonication with hexane/dichloromethane/acetone and cleaned up on a silica gel/alumina column. The Σ16 PAH concentrations in the indoor fine dusts ranged from 3136 µg kg-1 to 44332 µg kg-1 for residential buildings and 2580 µg kg-1 to 15372 µg kg-1 for public buildings. The results of source apportionment indicated that the PAHs in the indoor fine dusts were from mixed sources pyrogenic sources (coal, wood, petroleum, biomass, and fossil fuel combustion) and petrogenic sources with significant contribution from pyrogenic sources
The Agonising Narrative of Environmental Dilapidation in the tussle of Armed Conflict; From the Lens of International Humanitarian Laws
No full textIt is reasonable that humans have long recorded war fatalities in terms of injuries, death of combatants and civilians, the devastation of cities, and lost livelihoods; we fail to consider the environment, yet, we cannot disregard this issue. The study focuses on how war fuelled catastrophic environmental proceedings have continued to contamination of land, destruction of forests, plunder natural resources, and climate change, forcing the mass displacement of populations within and across borders and creating threats to human health; accordingly, these threats include the direct and indirect consequences of war and conflict such as a lack of clean air, water, nutrition, and housing, increased exposure to infectious diseases, and psychological trauma. The United Nations already tries to reduce the destruction from warfare through international laws called the Fourth Geneva Convention. However, this law has not stopped the degradation of the environment during the war. There is a need for a new set of rules that protect human health and the environment during armed conflict. In this study, the current study engaged in the debate and contextualises it with the research related to the war and environment to offer a better explanation than what already exists and, on its subtext, what the social renovation model needs to bear to stand the test of time and challenges. This research is a normative legal study in which part of the literature will be reviewed to acquire the necessary data using normative approaches. This study will collect and use secondary data from primary, secondary, and legal documents
An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Recycled Coconut Fiber and Rice Husk as Filter Media for Wastewater Treatment
No full textThe most vitally significant ingredient that all life on earth needs in order to survive is water. The global rate of wastewater discharge is rising quickly in tandem with population growth. As a result, wastewater treatment is a viable option to take into account for increased water demands. This investigation\u27s primary objectives are to examine the contaminants found in wastewater and assess the efficiency of filtering collected wastewater using a mixture of coconut fibers, rice husks, sand, and stone chips. The untreated wastewater was gathered from KUET\u27s six separate residence halls in Bangladesh. Inflow water and outflow water from filter media were used to measure a number of wastewater quality characteristics for the samples that were collected. Physical and chemical tests such as those for suspended particles, pH, turbidity, total coliform, and fecal coliform are among the factors examined in this study. Both coconut fiber and rice husk have been found to be useful as filter medium for the removal of contaminants present in wastewater. Because coconut fiber has a large number of micro pores with a standard surface area, it eliminates fungus and rice husk functions as an adsorbent for pollutants in wastewater
Effects of Herder-farmer Conflict on Output of Food Crops among Households in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
No full textThe study examined the effects of herder-farmer conflict on output of food crops among respondents. A sampling technique applied was multistage sampling in selection of respondents. Data were collected through administration of questionnaire for 768 respondents out of which 648 respondents were found useful for the work. Data were analysed with the use of likert scale, regression models and descriptive statistics. The study revealed that farmer-herder conflict, hired labour, amount of money spent on seed, amount of money spent on fertilizer, age, farming experience, amount of money spent on weeding, farm size, household size and contact with extension agent have positive differential coefficient, hence, positive relationship exist between the aforementioned variables and production output. The study therefore recommends that Nigeria‘s government should invest in the security area by consistently providing the security personnel with upgraded security gadgets and adequate security funding for training and equipping security staff in best global security practices and defensive intelligence gathering
A Relative Study of Acute Cardiac Effects on Daphnia magna and Chemical Properties of Endocrine Disruptors
No full textModern humans are exposed to many types of artificial chemicals without realizing it. Environmental hormones are chemicals in the environment that surround humans, which enter the human body through various routes in our daily lives. The route can be bioaccumulation in the natural food chain and ingestion after being left behind in plastic products or water treatment. Chemicals that disturb the endocrine system by binding to hormone receptors and mimicking the function of hormones in the body are collectively known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). So, knowing their effects, even from Daphnia, can be essential. In this study, a 30-minute exposure experiment was conducted to measure the heartbeat change of Daphnia to the serially diluted pesticide solutions and quantify the magnitude of heartbeat changes. The acute cardiac disturbance index (CDI) and the leading constant of polynomial regression analysis were compared to various chemical properties, such as XlogP3, hydrogen donor and acceptor number, topical PSA, heavy atom, and complexity.
The results showed that most BPM% changes displayed polynomial profiles for the relative concentration. Among the chemical properties, molecular weight and heavy atom number showed relatively moderate relationships with acute CDIs and leading coefficients, R2 up to 0.345, but all other properties were poorly correlated. The study might demonstrate the feasibility of further examining parameters with more significant relationships for underlying mechanisms