Journal of Global Ecology and Environment
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Application of Geospatial Mapping in the Analyses of Pre-monsoon Groundwater Fluctuation: A Case Study of Piriyapatna Taluk of Karnataka State, India
No full textThe graphical representations of groundwater models play productive role in hydrological impacts like groundwater movement especially in rural areas. The demand of water for agriculture, domestic, industrial and other uses are increasing due to rise in population, over-withdrawal of groundwater and global warming (?). Periodic evaluation of groundwater levels are very much necessary for effective management due to rapidly changing climatic scenario. Geospatial technique have become the most significant tool for mapping and modeling of groundwater level resources using statistical data. An effort has been made to describe the groundwater level of Piriyapatna taluk of Karnataka State. Eight representative observation well points of pre-monsoon data had been collected over a period of 16 years (2003 - 2019) in order to analyze spatio-temporal variation. Groundwater levels are plotted on a base map with their respective amount of depths, and then the contours of equal values are drawn using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method in ArcGIS. The final results are helpful in preparing for shortage and seeking alternatives if need arises from study report
The Investigation of Air Pollution for Carbon Monoxide Evaluations in Guatemala City
No full textCarbon Monoxide (CO) is a common gas released naturally and due to industrialization. When released into the air, this gas is one of the most dangerous factors of air pollution, which harms the environment and human health. In third-world countries such as Guatemala, Honduras, and India, people face severe illnesses, including carbon monoxide poisoning, respiratory diseases, and premature deaths due to air pollution, mainly occurring during the rapid urbanization of major cities. This urbanization and increasing number of motor vehicles affect the high levels of CO, which results in deaths from various respiratory diseases. Despite the harmful effects of CO poisoning, significant actions have yet to be taken. Therefore, the research team has been taken to Guatemala City, Guatemala\u27s most populated city, to measure Carbon Monoxide levels in various locations under various conditions.
An Easy Log USB has been used to measure Carbon Monoxide (CO) levels to assess the areas with a high level of harmful CO. The study has found that an enormous amount of CO is present in highly populated areas, 100 ~ 200% up for a certain time, compared to the indoor air, and reached a result that corroborated the assertions that CO poisoning with 20% higher CO in their hemoglobin might increase the number of intoxicated Guatemalan people. The national government should implement appropriate regulations and methods to follow up on CO emissions and reduce its consequence to prosper economically and socially
The Rising Effects of Human-leopard Conflicts in Karnataka: A Review from Media Reports
No full textThe Indian leopards are widely distributed on the Indian subcontinent and is the smallest of the Big Cats known for its ability to adapt in a variety of habitats. A nocturnal animal, the leopard hunts by night and feeds on smaller species of herbivores found in its range. The present study aims to collect media reports on human-leopard conflicts especially in human habitats of Karnataka State. Leopards were constantly in the news/media in Mysuru region and were increasingly coming into conflict situations with tragic results for both humans and the animal. Since 2018, the data showed that 16 people have been killed in different parts of Karnataka state by leopards. Leopards use neck bites to kill 90% of their prey and may drag up to 400 mts of small prey. The districts of Ramanagara, Mandya, Mysuru, Ballari, Tumakuru, Koppala, Kolara, Davangere and Chikkamagaluru were among those affected by leopard attacks and sightings. 65 leopards were captured/rescued and relocated to protected areas during 2019-22 in Mysuru district
Investigating Heat-Treatment Effects on Biodegradable Banana Peel Plastic Manufacturing Processes
No full textTraditional petroleum-based plastic takes hundreds of years to degrade, and so it is accumulating at an alarming rate, while plastic consumption is also increasing exponentially. Global plastic contamination has been the most threatening environmental issue globally since it is a staple in everybody\u27s lives. So, an urgent method must be created to minimize the usage of conventional non-biodegradable plastics. In this study, banana peel plastic models shaped as rods, beads, and films were created first and subjected to four different heat-treatment methods: two with a low-heat treatment of 80℃ and 65℃ 24 hours with a fanning function in a dehumidifier, while high-heat treatments of 120℃, 1 or 2 hours in an electric oven. The study\u27s results suggested that the banana plastic created with the low-heat treatment 80℃ presents more favorable qualities in molding weight change, pressing hardness, tensile force, and water stability. The stability in the pH solution was more excellent in low-heat treated plastic than in high-heat treated plastic. More studies might be needed to clarify the causes of differences in the characteristics examined
Growth and Production of Lycopersicon esculentum M. with Rhizophagus intraradices and Azospirillum brasilense in a Substrate with Chicken Manure Added
No full textThe “tomato” Lycopersicon esculentum M (Solanaceae) is a vegetable with a high demand for consumption. For its production, plant nutrition is traditionally based on agrochemicals. Currently, nutrition alternatives are being sought based on various soil microorganisms that in combination with organic amendments, such as poultry manure, can improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the rhizosphere. In this study, the effect of the application of two beneficial microorganisms, Rhizophagus intraradices and/or Azospirillum brasilense and poultry manure to the substrate in L. esculentum M was evaluated. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the plants were established in bags with the following treatments: 1. control, 2. R. intraradices, 3. A. brasilense, 4. R. intraradices + A. brasilense. Morphological and physiological yield components were recorded 84 days after transplanting. Plant height, stem thickness, number of leaves, flower bud, flowers and dry biomass of leaf, stem and root, weight of fruits were analyzed statistically and differences between treatments were compared according to Tukey (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that L. esculentum M. in the nursery with some of the microorganisms individually and in co-inoculation, favored the growth and dry matter allocation of the morphological and physiological components of the yield compared to the control. The number and weight of fruits increased with co-inoculation of R. intraradices and A. brasilense.  
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment in Malawi: A Review
No full textEnvironmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is a technique that aims to acquire adequate and timely information on the anticipated environmental repercussions of development projects, as well as feasible alternatives and mitigation strategies. It is a very important tool for achieving sustainable development. ESIA procedures require that a developer submit a written document to designated agency describing the probable or possible future environmental and social impacts of the intended action. In Malawi, even though the project developer may choose to submit an environmental impact assessment (EIA) to the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), it is still the director that decides which project requires an EIA. This paper describes the current institutional framework for EIA in Malawi
Mathematical Analysis on Matlab Environment for Experimental Study of the Thermal Properties of Epoxy Reinforced Composite
No full textOver the years, before the invention of software, some experiments especially direct base experiments had minimum limits to conduct compared to now, due to some possible issues surrounding the process, such as high cost, hazard, and time waste, even some experiments are impossible to run due to complex data involved, which then gave rise to the invention of software that aims in making some of these experiments flexible and safe. This research involved thermal experimentation, mathematical analyses in a MATLAB environment, and data comparison of the experiment and mathematical analysis results of an epoxy-reinforced composite. Five samples were developed (E, S1, S2, S3, and S4) using epoxy reinforced with coconut shell fiber, silicon carbide (SiC), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in different proportions and compositions, applying hand-layup and compression molding. Thermal conductivity, diffusivity, degradation, and specific heat capacity tests were conducted using suitable apparatus and ASTM standard methods. The results indicated the minimum thermal properties of polymer material seen in sample ‘E’, due to no reinforced composite. Polymer material in sample E was improved in sample S1, where coconut shell fiber as municipal solid waste was used as reinforcement, possessing satisfactory thermal strength. Natural synthetic fibers (Al2O3 and SiC) used in this research indicated maximum thermal strength seen from samples S2 - S4, due to ceramic properties and close bond microstructural formation of synthetic fibers. 2020 Commercial License Model (CLM) MATLAB software was used to develop mathematical analyses from the experimental data, which when compared, the mathematical analysis results indicated 95% confident bounds on the root mean square error (RMSE) result having the same graphical trend as the experimental result
Increasing the Efficiency of Converting Biohazardous Household Wastes into Methane Gas in Rural Guatemala
No full textMethane provides a great environmental benefit, producing more heat and light energy by mass than other hydrocarbon, or fossil fuel, including coal and gasoline refined from oil, while producing significantly less carbon dioxide and other pollutants that contribute to smog and unhealthy air. Several methods have been employed to generate methane gas in homes, and the amount of methane gas generated by the decomposition of organic matter varies depending on the type of matter in question. This study was designed to measure the efficiency, as a relationship between the amount of raw material and the amount of gas generated, of three different mixtures of organic matter, such as food remains of home (FWFH), animal excrement, and equal-part mixture of food debris (FWHC) and animal waste (CWFF). The study demonstrated that the methane volume from FWHC was the greatest among that from other feed wastes with significant difference (P>0.05). When compared the methane volume from FWHC with FWFH and CWFF, 68.7 %, 296% were higher in FWHC, respectively. The FWHC was the most suitable for methane gas generation systems for homes, in order to occupy less space and generate an equal amount of gas
Interactions between Humic Acid and the Mineral Surface of Laterite at Different Environmental pH
No full textOrganic compounds such as humic substances in the natural environment, especially in aquatic environments, are source of environmental problems. The stability of humic compounds in the soil is due to their adsorption on colloid surfaces through reactions with cations to form organ- mineral complexes. Many parameters such as pH, ionic strength. can affect the adsorption of humic substance on mineral surfaces. This study was initiated to investigate the use of a natural geo-material such as laterite for recovery and environmental application through batch adsorption tests. Since this system is a closed and agitated system, it makes it possible to obtain the maximum conditions for adsorption. Lateritic soil are abundant in tropical soil and exhibits some specificities that could promote humic acids-soil interactions. So, the analysis of pH influence on humic acid-laterite interactions is monitores through batch adsorption tests of a commercial humic acid at different pH (4.5; 6.5 and 8.5). The adsorption kinetic yield (R) is followed at each pH. Prior to the adsoption test, the raw laterite was analysed using infrared spectroscopy. The results of the kinetics of humic acid adsorption yield at different pH (4.5; 6.5 and 8.5) showed that the adsorption yield was inversely proportional to the increase of pH. The highest yield is obtained at pH 4.5 (94.56 %). Infrared analyzes of the laterite before and after adsorption shows that the surface of the laterite has undergone modifications associated to humic acid presence in the complexe after adsorption test. However, the media most affected by adsorption were observed at pH 8.5 and pH 4.5. The changes observed are due to the interactions between the aluminum oxides of gibbsite-AH (Al(OH)2–O–R) and kaolinite-AH (Si2O5Al2(OH)3–OH–R present on the surface of materials and the bonds of carboxylic, aromatic, phenolic, etc. groups confirms the adsorption reaction between humic acid and laterite
Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Growth Traits of Widdringtonia whytei-Rendle Translocation Provenance Trials in Malawi
No full textPrediction of genetic potential and response to selection in breeding needs knowledge of genetic parameters for important selection traits. This study aimed to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for growth traits (diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height) of Widdringtonia whytei (Mulanje cedar) grown in Malawi. Data on growth traits were collected from five provenance trial sites at the age of 5. The results portrayed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in genetic and phenotypic parameters among sites. Dedza and Luwawa sites had a higher genetic control for both DBH (h2=0.382 and 0.354) and height (h2=0.354 and 0.329), respectively. Correspondingly, Dedza and Luwawa sites registered a higher Additive Genetic Coefficient of Variation percent (AGCV%) for both DBH (62.3% and 69.8%) and height (96.2% and 53.5%), respectively. Likewise, Dedza and Luwawa sites recorded higher genetic gain for both DBH (0.165 and 0.118) and height (0.127 and 0.121), respectively. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between DBH and height parameters were significantly favourable and high; ranging from 0.664 to 0.917 and from 0.635 to 0.914, respectively. This warrants simultaneous improvement of DBH and height traits. These estimated parameters shall live to guide the establishment and refinement of the W. whytei breeding programme in Malawi