Journal of Global Ecology and Environment
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FOUR NEW ADDITIONS TO THE ICHTHYOFAUNA OF INDIAN SUNDERBAN
No full textSundarban Biosphere Reserve is the largest mangrove forest in the world, which accommodates 350 species of fishes. The present work reports the presence of Cirrhimuraena indica; Diploconger polystigmatus; Triacanthus nieuhofii; Upeneus sulphureus from the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, West Bengal. In this report, C. indica and D. polystigmatus are also being reported from Indian mangroves for the first time. These species were confirmed through single specimens collected from Kakdwip Harbour, Sunderban Biosphere Reserve. This article deals with the taxonomy and description of these four species from Indian Sunderban
PARALLEL EVOLUTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION DURING THE ANTHROPOCENE
No full textThis work aims to follow the parallel evolution of energy consumption and environmental pollution during the Anthropocene. From 1700 onwards, the population growth has been the generator of energy consumption. This increase of energy consumption has led to pollution. All parameters related to pollution show parallel evolution with energy consumption. All graphs and clustering shows the individualization of the Anthropocene-Great Acceleration strata comparably with the Holocene. From 1700 to 1760, all parameters seem stable. From 1760 to 1850, some environmental parameters, but not all parameters (CO2) show a slight increase. From 1850 to 1950, the setting of the Anthropocene was recorded with dramatic increase. From 1950 onwards, the Great Acceleration is marked by an exponential increase of all parameters
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES IN BARGUNA DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES: FOCUSING ON MANGROVE VEGETATION
No full textLand use and land cover (LULC) change detection using remote sensing techniques is an important and least time-consuming process particularly for combating natural disasters. This study focused on the mapping and analysis of the LULC changes in the Barguna District, Bangladesh for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2017. In this study, data were collected from Landsat 5 TM & 8 OLI_TIRS during the years. Mainly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was performed for mapping of the different classes (water, residence, agricultural field and mangroves) for each of the mentioned years. It has found that water (0.86%), agricultural field (3.63%), mangroves (9.97%) were increased and residence (↓14.46%)) was decreased from the year 1990 to 2000. However, within the next ten years from 2000 to 2010, it has found that water (1.05%), residence (11.48%) were increased and agricultural field (↓7.47%), mangroves (↓5.07%) were decreased that could be the two severe natural disasters in 2007 (the extreme super cyclone Sidr) and 2009 (the cyclone Aila). After that, water (0.90%), mangroves (15.45%) were increased and residence (↓7.10%), agricultural field (↓9.24%) were decreased from the year 2010 to 2017. Finally, the overall scenario was observed that water (2.82%), mangroves (20.35%) were increased and residence (↓10.08%), agriculture field (↓13.09%) were decreased from the year 1990 to 2017. It has observed that from the year 1990 to 2017, mangroves vegetation were increased from 9.32% to 19.02% which means the government had taken the initiatives to mangroves plantation that indicated around 348.26 km2 afforestation has occurred. These results of the study and developed maps will be favorable for the communal people, relevant departments, national and international planers and the researchers of the community
ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH IN NEPAL
No full textAir quality has been a major environmental and public health concern in Nepal. Currently, air pollution monitoring is ongoing at 28 monitoring stations in all the provinces and 19 districts of Nepal. Available daily air pollution data (PM2.5) was collected for 21 stations spread across 6 provinces (except Sudorpaschim) and 14 districts for around two and half years from 2019 till May 2021. Similarly, annual outpatient respiratory and cardiovascular disease morbidity was obtained for 2018/19-2019/20 for the districts where air pollution data was available. Descriptive and discriminant analysis were performed to assess air pollution situation and classification characteristics of Nepal. Overall, annual average of Nepal assessed by PM2.5 has decreased from 37.8 µg/m3 in 2019 to 35.8 µg/m3 in 2020 but has again unexpectedly and substantially risen to 56.5 µg/m3 in 2021 (Till May) primarily due to large scale forest fires that occurred at many places of Nepal which peaked at the end of March, 2021. Provincial averages for the study period showed Province 2 to be the highest air polluted province (58.9 µg/m3) and Karnali as the least air polluted province (30.5 µg/m3) which implied that the averages are 3.5 to 5.9 times higher than the WHO annual guideline of 10 µg/m3 for PM2.5. The canonical discriminant function showed highest discriminant coefficient for Province 2 (0.54) followed by Province 1 (0.13), Bagmati (0.02), Lumbini (-0.18), Gandaki (-0.20) and Karnali (-0.25). Highest attributable factor associated with PM2.5 is obtained for Pneumonia (0.108), followed by COPD (0.053) and respiratory (0.033). The corresponding annual attributable burden is found to be highest for Respiratory (1.66 Lakhs) followed by Pneumonia (0.35 Lakh) and COPD (0.2 Lakh) morbidities. In conclusion, air quality situation in Nepal is still a major environmental and public health hazard which requires further steps and efforts to reduce it in the coming years
ASSESSMENT OF SOME KRIGING METHODS FOR MAPPING THE SOIL ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY: CASE STUDY OF SOUTHEASTERN COAST OF CASPIAN SEA OF IRAN
No full textThis study assessed kriging methods for mapping soil electrical conductivity (EC) in Southeastern, Coastal region of the Caspian Sea of Iran. The coordinates of the study area were Longitude=47.975896177 Latitude=36.995353646224 and Longitude=48.209973627223 Latitude=37.241702530966 which covered approximately 500 km2 of land area. The average maximum and minimum temperatures are 22.3 ºC and 13 ºC, respectively. Sampling points were selected from seven (7) rows each containing 20 points (where 4 points had been lost from the last row). The soils were sampled from 136 locations at 0-20 cm deep in order to measure soil EC. Soil EC maps showing unique management zones due to EC results were created using ordinary kriging, universal kriging, log-normal kriging and inverse distance weighting (IDW) using ArcGIS software version 10.4.1 GS+ v 5.1 and SPSS v 16. Results indicated that log-normal kriging was the most accurate method for predicting and mapping soil EC. All four statistical methods suggest that the lowest soil salinity occurred in the Southeastern region and the highest EC was recorded in the Northwestern of the study area. Furthermore, the lowest soil EC was observed in agricultural activities involved soil tillage and soil draining, which are far from the present shoreline
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM REMOVAL BY FUNGAL ADSORBENT, Aspergillus terricola
No full textThe discharge of hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI), in the environment as a consequence of industrial activities, is threatening the human health and the ecosystem. Removing Cr (VI) by biosorption using fungal biomass is a promising and cost effective technique. In the present study, the potential of Aspergillus terricola as a biosorbent for removing Cr (VI) from aqueous solution was studied. The growth of Aspergillus terricola was stimulated by addition of 1.5 mg/l Cr (VI) and the MIC was found to be 9 mg/l in liquid medium. Also, the highest growth of tested organism in the presence of 1.5 mg/l Cr (VI) in the growth medium was at pH 3 after 6 days. Optimization of biosorption process parameters using Aspergillus terricola biomass in aqueous solution exhibited that increasing the Cr (VI) concentration decreases the removing efficiency. Removing 100% of 20 mg/l Cr (VI) was obtained after 4 days contact time. In addition, the maximum Cr (VI) removal was obtained at pH 3. Furthermore, increasing the mycelium concentration leads to gradual increase in removing percentage of Cr (VI). In conclusion, Aspergillus terricola was an efficient candidate for biosorption of hexavalent chromium and could be used in its bioremediation from wastewater
BIODEGRADATION OF CRUDE OIL BY HYDROCARBON DEGRADING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM CONTAMINATED SOIL SAMPLES IN SELECTED TANK FARM AREAS IN APATA, IBADAN
No full textThe continuous and indiscriminate discharge of crude and/or refined oils during the various processing and transportation of oils leads to the contamination of the environment. This study was aimed at determining the bacterial diversity of contaminated soils around tank farm areas and the changes that occur in the oil hydrocarbon components during the process of biodegradation by the selected bacterial species. Contaminated soil samples were collected around different tank farm areas based on their petroleum contents at the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) depot, Apata, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 1.04 × 107 to 2.73 × 107 cfu/ml in the various contaminated soil samples. The hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria count ranged from 1.9 × 103 to 7.3 × 103 cfu/ml in the contaminated soil samples. Among the 28 bacterial isolates capable of utilizing crude oil vapour, two isolates thrived on the highest crude oil concentration employed during screening and were used singly and in a mixed culture for the biodegradation of the contaminated soil samples. The two hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria isolates were characterized and identified as Pseudomonas species (AG13) and Bacillus species (PM4). The percentage degradation of the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in the contaminated soil samples after 8 weeks was highest in the Pseudomonas species (AG13) treated sample with 71.51% and 63.30% respectively and this was followed closely by the mixture of both bacteria isolates with 67.14% and 50.69% respectively and Bacillus species (PM4) having the lowest with 31.92% and 19.03% respectively. Therefore, hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria species can be employed in the removal of oil pollutants from the soil, but a careful selection is required to ensure effectiveness
A MEASUREMENT OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN ECOLOGICAL MARKETING
No full textThis paper proposes a measurement of customer satisfaction in ecological marketing. Depending on different conditions of ecologic product attributes, the author formalize customers’ satisfaction by three mathematic models based on excitement attributes, performance attributes and threshold attributes respectively. The 396 empirical data which includes the measurement of the product quality and customers’ overall satisfaction is used to estimate the parameters of the proposed model and model calibration. The results of model calibration are closed to other comparison model. It means the proposed model has similar good fitness of real data with previous model but demonstrates much advantage of easier applied and less parameters needed to estimate. To use this proposed model, the managers can not only consider the environmental sustainability and environmental protection but also care about customers need and want when product designing
SCREENING OF LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE DEGRADING BACTERIA FROM POLLUTED SOIL WITH PLASTICS
No full textPolyethylene waste accumulating in the environment is posing an ever increasing ecological risk. Plastics that are biodegradable can be considered environment friendly they have an increasing range of potential application and are driven by the growing use of plastics in packaging. Three hundred and fifty five microbial isolates (bacteria: 324 isolates & fungal: 31 isolates) were isolated from 10 plastic waste accumulated places in and around Sivakasi city, Tamil Nadu, India. Primary and secondary screening has been done for the bacterial isolates depending on bacterial growth in low density polyethylene solid and liquid medium. Eight isolates exhibited high efficient on LDPE degradation. These seven isolates have been identified as Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Serratia sp., Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicilliun funiclosum and Fusarium moniliforms. Out of eight isolates Aspergillus japonicus (60.15%) and Bacillus sp (58.96%) revealed significant activity. Therefore, the present study states that, microbes has enough potential to degrade plastic with due course of time
DIVERSITY OF PLANT SPECIES IN GODERE FOREST, SOUTH-WESTERN ETHIOPIA: IMPLICATION FOR IN-SITU CONSERVATION
No full textUnderstanding of diversity of plants along elevation gradient is vital for designing conservation strategy pertinent to identified species. The study was conducted in Godere Forest using systematic sampling method for vegetation and environmental data collected in 80 sample plots 40m X 40m stretched between 1994 -2220 m a.s.l. A total of 118 plant species were identified and categorized into 54 families and 107 genera. Three plant communities were identified using hierarchical agglomerative classification method along the elevation gradient: Dicrocephala chrysanthemifolia-Ochna holistii, Achanthus eminens-Allopylus macrobotrys and Galinieria saxifraga- Rungia grandis respectively. Results showed the species in communities exhibited higher Beta-diversity and evenness than within the plot size observation. The index for Beta-diversity in the communities increased with elevation gradient while it showed decreasing trend for species richness. Elevation was found the most constraining environmental factor for species diversity at community level which is linear and inversely correlated; while as phosphorous and organic matter were in sample plots. The dominance of herbaceous species have impact on biodiversity of tree and shrubs in Godere forest with an implication for in-situ conservation of tree species with high important value index for increasing their ecological significance by reducing the impact of human interference