Journal of Global Ecology and Environment
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ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, HOUSING AND PLANNING CONCERNS IN THE OLD PORT HARCOURT TOWNSHIP
No full textThe creation of the city of Port Harcourt was borne out of colonial development in line with the British Town and Country Planning Laws which prompted the promotion of security, health, convenience, economy, safety, and beauty. Housing in the city of Port Harcourt was created with recourse to density control, zoning ordinances, and planning directives for building line, plot ratio and light penetration. While the gridiron and radial street patterns prevailed with necessary facilities for drainage and sanitation satisfactorily done and aimed at making human and environmental health a priority. The received British Town and Country Planning Laws have so far undergone some modifications that have put in place agencies for the protection of public health and sanitation in all the neighbourhoods. The study focused on housing condition and environmental sanitation in the old Port Harcourt Township part of the city. Housing standard, neighbourhood standard, housing sanitation, housing condition and modifications (improvements) were assessed. A passive observational survey design was triangulated with an interviewer-administered questionnaire survey to secure primary data while secondary data was from journals, textbooks, and statutory documents. The survey carried out indicated a significant distortion and violation of sanitation and general planning rules that have resulted in mosquito infestations, overcrowding, and overall poor environmental quality and sanitary condition. This has affected both in-door and outdoor air quality in the township. There is therefore poor urban quality of life as there seem not to be any enjoyment of good health, comfort, and environmental convenience in the study area. The study, therefore, recommends that government should enforce strict adherence and compliance to planning/development control standards. This would curb the violation of building codes and other regulations put in place by the regulatory authority within the city
Retama monosperma (L.) BOISS. ENDURANCE STRATEGIES IN THE FACE OF CONSTRAINTS
No full textThe dunes of the Oran coastline constitute an irreplaceable floral and ecological wealth which requires reasoned management.
Retama monosperma excellent fabaceae fixing atmospheric nitrogen and fixing dunes
Retama monosperma is a woody shrub exhibiting morphological characters of the vegetative system related to xerophytism.
It adapts to severe climatic conditions by the morphological or physiological aspect, are designed to limit the effects of moisture deficit, which slows water loss and evaporation perspiration from tissues or activate physiological mechanisms that allow survival
IDENTIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL UNITS WITH THE HIGHEST GHGS EMISSIONS IN THE PROVINCES OF IRAN (CASE STUDY: HAMADAN PROVINCE)
No full textIndustry is one of the five main sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from human activities. Given Iran\u27s voluntary commitments in the conference of Paris on reducing GHGs emissions, it is necessary for the Ministry of Industry, Mine, and Trade (MIMT) through affiliated organizations in the provinces, identify industrial plants with high emissions of GHGs to determine which existing industrial plants are adequate for emission reductions. In this research, fossil fuel consumption was used to identify industrial plants with high GHGs emissions in Hamadan province. To estimate the share of different industries in the province, from each industry, some active factories were visited randomly. During the visits, the production process and other possible emission sources of each industrial plant were studied. The industrial sectors of cement, brick, ceramic and porcelain products are the main sources of GHGs emissions in the province\u27s industries, with more than three-quarters of GHGs emissions released from Hamadan province\u27s industries. The continuous presentation of the annual fuel consumption report of industrial plants can be a major step in the continuous monitoring of industrial sectors GHGs emissions in the province\u27s industries
STUDY OF THE ECOLOGICAL SITUATION OF THE MARINE PROTECTED AREA OF THE ISLAND OF VENTOTENE (ITALY)
No full textThe study in the marine area of Ventotene and Santo Stefano Islands was carried on following a specific research organization chart established by the Italian Ministry of the Environment and Protection of the Territory and the Sea which includes two forms with the respective inquiry requests. Module 1 provided for the recording of the qualitative composition of the fish community by the taxonomic determination of the species present at various depths and in various areas of the coastal strip and their site. The results showed a good ecological situation in all the investigated areas but given that the presence of many vagile species is linked to the seam in wich the study is carried out, it is necessary to repeat it in the other three seasons
THE ECOLOGY OF THE ANCIENT SETTLEMENTS IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE WORLD
No full textIt is still a mystery how and where humankind originated and how they decided to settle down. Therefore, scientists have been researching human settlements on Earth from ancient times to the present and have been trying to solve their mysteries. We acknowledge that humans, who have existed for 4,5 million years, pursued a nomadic lifestyle, and globally adopted a settled life nearly 10,000 years ago. The most significant factor among others, encouraging human beings to settle down, is that environmental factors became suitable for building settlements. In the scope of this research, settlements that are assumed to be habited due to climatic changes in various dates and geographies are discussed. The aim is to reveal where these settlements are founded, the influence of climatic changes on these locations, and the relationship of these settlements with each other. As a result, considering the historical processes, we realize that ecological realities necessitated many buildings and settlements. These necessities differ in forms of structures and settlements, types of orientation and positioning, their dimensions, the organization of the space and the materials used in the settlements within the framework of climatic, topographic, and cultural conditions
TO WHAT EXTENT DOES THE EVIDENCE SUPPORT THE VIEW THAT NIGERIAN SECURITY AGENCIES HELP TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN RIVERS STATE, NIGER DELTA
No full textThis study aims to examine the relationship between Nigeria security agencies and the reduction of environmental pollution by illegal bunkering activities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Three research questions and three hypotheses drive the investigation. For this study, a correlational research approach was used. The study\u27s participants include residents of Rivers State\u27s Degema, Akuku-Toru, Asari-Toru, Andoni, Okrika, Port Harcourt, and Ogu/Bolo Local Government Areas. Each Local Government Area had two villages chosen. Second, thirty (30) respondents were chosen using simple random selection from each of the seven Local Government Areas. As a result, the research utilized a sample of two hundred and ten (210) respondents. The structured questionnaire titled Government Security Agencies and Environmental Pollution Reduction was used to gather data for this study (GSAEPRQ). The Cronbach alpha reliability was utilized to evaluate the instrument\u27s reliability in the research. To answer the study questions, the collected data was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while the Pearson Product Moment Coefficient method was utilized to evaluate the given hypotheses at 0.05 significance. Findings from the study revealed that the Nigeria Security Agencies in their effort of curbing oil theft and illegal bunkering activities to reduce environmental pollution, their proactive actions have also contributed in polluting the environment through their act of destroying and burning arrested stolen products in Rivers State, Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study was concluded that environmental pollution, which is the unfavorable alteration of our surroundings and also the activities of the Nigeria Security agencies while destructing and burning of seized crude oil in the region. The study now recommended that Government of Nigeria should build a reservoir site in most strategies place to store recovered and stolen crude oil rather than burning when arrested
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF THE VEGETATION COMPOSITION AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF KOKARAI VALLEY, DISTRICT SWAT
No full textThe study was conducted in 2019-20 to investigate the vegetation structure of Kokarai valley, district Swat. Sum of 155 vascular plant species which belongs to 74 families was recorded. The dominant family was Asteraceae (16) followed by Rosaceae (13) and Lamiaceae (12). The life form was dominated by Therophytes with 61 species and leaf spectra by microphyll with 73 species. Two way indicator species analysis sorted out the vegetation of 15 stands in five plant communities i.e. (1) Viburnum, Fragaria, Galium community (2) Quercus, Quercus, Nepeta community (3) Indigofera, Fragaria, Pinus community (4) Olea, Quercus, Melia community (5) Bromus, Dedonaea, Micromeria community. The canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the total variation in the species data was 4.12 with 87.1% explanatory variables. CCA ordination indicates that some of the species were more sensitive to environmental variables. This study would be helpful and provide baseline knowledge about the ecological and conservation status of the threatened species in their respective stands and stands having similar habitats in the adjacent areas
ACUTE TOXICITY AND SUBLETHAL EFFECT OF CARBARYL ON BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF INDIAN EARTHWORM Lampito mauritii (KINBERG)
No full textApplication of many numbers of insecticides in the agricultural field has also threatened the soil beneficial organisms. Earthworms are one of the major soil biota. Carbaryl was commonly used insecticides against various insects in South India. Hence in present study was aimed to estimate acute toxicity and sublethal effect of carbaryl on biochemical responses of the L. mauritii. For acute toxicity study, mortality of earthworms was noted on 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after exposure to various carbaryl concentrations. From the study, sublethal concentrations of carbaryl (T1- 4.195 ppm and T2-13.984 ppm) was selected and estimated activities of following enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE). The lipid peroxides (LP) and glutathione levels (GSH) were also determined. The GSH, SOD, CAT, GST and AChE activities decreased than the control upto 15 days, thereafter slightly increased on the day 30. High level of LP and GSH were observed until 15 days and on 30th day they were decreased. The results suggested that carbaryl highly inhibited the normal biochemical responses of earthworm upto 15 days due to the presence of carbaryl residues in the soil substrate as well as body of earthworm. By the microbial degradation of carbaryl, recovery was observed on the 30th day of experiment
EVALUATION OF WASTEWATER EFFLUENTS QUALITY FROM INTAFACT BEVERAGES LIMITED IN EASTERN NIGERIA
No full textThe brewing industry is a booming industry in Nigeria that generates employment and revenues for the citizens and the government. Amount of beers consumed by the populace is quite large, which has led to year on production of beers and subsequent production of effluents from breweries. Proper effluent management is an integral part of an efficient production company. This research aimed at accessing brewery effluent quality using APHA standard method for the analysis of the water samples and the results obtained were compared with the Federal Environmental Protection Agency/ Ministry of Environment, 1991,(FEPA) and Federal Ministry of Environment 1999 (FMENV)., Limits showed that most of the results were within the recommended standard guideline except for some parameters with values that are either higher or lower than the set limits. The objectives were to: conduct the physico-chemical parameters of the waste water samples and to determine the elemental analysis using Agilent 720 ICP-OES. The physico-chemical evaluation showed that the effluent had a mean conductivity value of 50.9±1.05 (us/cm), turbidity value of 48.6±0.15 NTD, chloride value of 85.00±0.05 mg/l, salinity of 1.55±0.01 mg/l, BOD of 124 mg/l, total solid of 584.04±0.02 mg/l, total suspended solids of 158.04±0.02 mg/l, sulphate value of 131.27±0.01 mg/l, protein of 2.8 %, calcium hardness of 260.00±0.01, magnesium of 19.5 as well as the presence of heavy metals such as Arsenic, Iron, Cobalt, Chromium, Lead, Mercury and Cadmium. These effluent waste water adversely impacts humans when they get into the food chain so strict measures have to be set up to ensure standard effluent treatment plants and regulations. Moreso, enforcement of these regulation duelly enforced
EFFECT OF THE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE RAIDER® (CHLORPYRIPHOS 20% EC) ON METABOLITES IN THE BRAIN OF THE NEW ZEALAND RABBIT (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
No full textThe effect of the organophosphorus insecticide Raider® (chlorpyriphos 20% EC) on metabolites in the brain of the New Zealand Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was investigated. This was done to determine the implication of this pesticide use in soils and foliage to control insects and its resultant implication with associated negative effects on human and animal health. A total of eighteen (18) healthy adult male New Zealand Rabbits weighing between 1.8 - 2.0kg were procured from the local Market and used for the study. Rabbits were acclimated for two weeks and Fed ad libitum using synthetic grower’s marsh pelletized and given 1.5L tap water. There was no mortality during acclimation. Rabbits were divided into four (4) groups representing one control group and three (3) treatment levels. Each group had three (3) replicates. Three concentrations of the toxicant of 1ppm, 2ppm and 3ppm derived from the range finder test were put in 1.5L of water and administered to the Rabbits in each compartment. The control group had no toxicant added to the 1.5L of water. Rabbits were exposed to the toxicant for 14 days and slaughter using a surgical knife and physical restraint. The Rabbit was dissected and the target organ (Brain) taken to the laboratory of the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital for analysis of the metabolites; Total glyceride (TG), Total creatinine (TC), Total protein (TP) and cortisol using standard procedures. Data were analyzed for means and standard deviations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine variability and similarities in the measured parameters between treatment groups at the 95% confidence limit. Turkey HSD Post HOC test was employed to separate means. This was done with the aid of the SPSS 20.0 tool kit. Result from the study showed that TG depreciated significantly from 0.89 mmol/L at the control (0ppm) to 0.55mmol/L at 3ppm. TC declined from 2.83nmol/L at 0ppm to 1.05nmol/L at 3ppm. TP also decreased from 6.93g/L at 0ppm to 4.81g/L at 3.0ppm, while cortisol levels appreciated from 62.83mmol/L at 0.ppm to 77.97mmol/L at 3ppm.There were significant differences (P<0.05) in TC, TP and cortisol between control and all treatment levels. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between control and 3ppm treatment level but no significant (P>0.05) difference between control and treatment levels of 1ppm and 2ppm.The result of this study suggests that the insecticide is toxic and dangerous to the brain of exposed animals. There should therefore be caution and restraint in its application