Journal of Global Ecology and Environment
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COMPARATIVE PHENOLOGIES OF TWO TROPICAL DRY FORESTS IN SOUTHERN INDIA
No full textPhenology of two seasonally dry tropical forests examined the influence of rainfall and temperature with different phenophases and common dominant species phenology and seasonality. All the woody individual of 277 reproductively matured trees belonging to 45 species in Bhadra and a total of 335 reproductively matured trees belonging to 55 species in Mudumalai were monitored. We report the phenology patterns observed for 60 months. Observations were made monthly for leafing, flowering and fruiting phenophases. The pattern of influence of environmental factors on different phenophases was analysed. Seasonality was computed to know the strength of phenophases in both forests. The duration of the dry season is relatively longer in Bhadra than in Mudumalai. Trees in Mudumalai remained leafless between December to February, while in Bhadra maximum number of species remained leafless in the month of March. Flower initiation was in the month of March in Mudumalai and in April in Bhadra. Fruit initiation in Mudumalai with two peaks one at May (end of the dry season) and the other one during July (mid-wet season), whereas in Bhadra, there were two distinct peaks, one in May (minor) and another in November (major). The various phenophases seasonality shows leaf senescence in bhadra has strong seasonality, pollinating flower and initiating fruit in Mudumalai. We analyzed the phenological pattern and seasonality in 11 species that were common between Mudumalai and Bhadra. Our results show the differences and overlapping of leafing, flowering and fruiting phenophases and the influencing factor at community and seasonality of common species and their relationship between forest types, probably this study will serve as a baseline data for ecologists to check for phenophases at community and common species to coordinate with their phenology and climate to address future consequences of changing climate.
The phenological studies of two forest types with known and unknown factors for the different species with available literature play a vital role in restoration of forest ecosystem in India and elsewhere
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, TRADITIONAL USES AND PHARMACOLOGY OF Cardiospermum halicacabum: AN UPDATED REVIEW
No full textCardiospermum halicacabum belongs to the family Sapindaceae is commonly known as Balloon vine in English. It is an annual or perennial herbaceous climber, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical forests of Asia and Africa. Balloon vine plant is enriched with various phytoconstituents like flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, proanthocyanidin, apigenin, phytosterols, triterpenes, sterols, reducing sugar, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, 80 luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, β-Arachidonic acid, chrysoberyl-O-Glucuronide, β-D-glycoside, β-sitosterol, and Rutinis (rutinose and quercetin). This herb has various medicinal properties. Cardiospermum halicacabum is widely utilized by traditional practitioners for the treatment or prevention of numerous ailments such as snake bite, nervous disease, stiffness of limbs, and rheumatism. Stalks and leaves are used in the treatment of dysentery, headache, and diarrhoea. It also acts as an emetic, laxative, stomachic, diuretic, diaphoretic and sudorific. Cardiospermum halicacabum plant is reported to have antidiabetic, anticancer, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antiulcer, mosquito repellent, antiarthritic, anxiolytic, ant-filarial, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activity. The present review focuses on the Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Cardiospermum halicacabum
ASSESSMENT OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND TREE DIVERSITY BY MULTI-VARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IN DRY DECIDUOUS FORESTS OF PALAKONDA HILL RANGES, SOUTHERN EASTERN GHATS, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA
No full textSoil properties play an important role in ecosystem functioning that drive the variation in the tree diversity among the dry forests. The aim of the study is to know the relationship between soil properties and tree diversity from the soil samples collected from six 1ha study plots in Palakonda hill ranges, by using multivariate statistical analysis techniques like (Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). The results indicate that (SOC) write out the full meaning before abbreviation had negative relationship and Nitrogen had positive relationship with Shannon diversity and tree species richness. Bulk density and soil texture better explained the variation in basal area and tree density among the study plots. Overall, soil properties showed moderate relationship with tree diversity but not the direct relationship
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND SICK BUILDING SYNDROMES IN NATURALLY VENTILATED EDUCATIONAL LABORATORIES: CASE STUDY FROM ISRAA UNIVERSITY-GAZA
No full textThe indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in university buildings highly affect the health of students which they may experience a series of non-specific symptoms from being in that building. This paper aims to estimate the prevalence of sick building syndromes (SBS) symptoms and to clarify the perceived indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in Eastern Mediterranean climate. Data on perceived IEQ satisfaction score of air, temperature, noise, health symptoms were obtained from university students by using a validated questionnaire. A series of field measurements were conducted in naturally ventilated laboratories located in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. The results showed that most of participants (66.22%) did not feel comfortable in the laboratories environment in terms of heat, and (55.41 %) of student’s perceptions were not satisfied with the humidity conditions. The prevalence rates of general symptoms were relatively high. The most commonly reported symptoms were fatigue (43.24%), and nervousness (40.57%). The listed symptoms were associated significantly with education year (OR= 4.48) and gender (OR= 3.9). Our findings have potential implications for using perceived indoor environmental quality as a valuable tool for environmental health impact assessments and for the development of healthy building policies to find alternative solutions to achieve thermal comfort
THE THERMOHYDROGRAVIDYNAMIC TECHNOLOGY OF EVALUATION OF THE MAXIMAL MAGNITUDE OF THE STRONGEST EARTHQUAKE OF THE EARTH REALIZED NEAR THE LOCAL MAXIMAL COMBINED PLANETARY AND SOLAR INTEGRAL ENERGY GRAVITATIONAL INFLUENCE ON THE INTERNAL RIGID CORE OF THE EARTH
No full textWe consider (on May 25, 2021 AD) the radio-active problem of the global environmental ecology related with the established [1-5] first subrange (2020 ÷ 2026) AD of the increased intensification of the global seismotectonic, volcanic, climatic and magnetic activity of the Earth determined by the combined cosmic (planetary and solar) integral energy gravitational influences on the internal rigid core of the Earth. We have shown that the strongest (characterized by the magnitude M= 9.0 according to the U.S. Geological Survey) Japanese earthquake (occurred on March 11, 2011 in the Tohoku region and resulted to the great ecological disaster related with radio-active contamination in the Tohoku region) was realized near the calculated [4] date (corresponding approximately to April 7, 2011) of the local maximum (for 2011 AD) of the combined cosmic (planetary and solar) integral energy gravitational influence on the internal rigid core of the Earth. To diminish the ecological problems due to the possible ecological disasters related with radio-active contamination (owing to the increased intensification of the global seismotectonic activity of the Earth) near the active nuclear reactors of the world, we have presented (on May 25, 2021 AD) the fundamentals of the thermohydrogravidynamic technology for the reasonable evaluation of the magnitude (which is very close to the real magnitude M= 9.0) of the strongest earthquake of the Earth occurred on March 11, 2011 AD near the previously calculated date of the local maximum (for 2011 AD) of the combined planetary and solar integral energy gravitational influence on the internal rigid core of the Earth
THE IMPACT OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION VEHICLES ON THE CARBON MONOXIDE LEVELS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THEIR POSSIBLE EFFECTS
No full textThere are many health risks that arise due to air pollution and global warming. In developing countries, i.e., China or Guatemala, individuals are developing severe illnesses due to air pollutants that are emitted because of rapid development. Harmful emissions have led to health complications including various respiratory or cardiac diseases, pneumonia, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Many under-developed countries are unable to provide medical treatments because of insufficient funds and lack of regulations that should be in place to limit the dangers of deadly gases. Among the various factors of air pollutants, carbon monoxide presents a significant threat because of its toxic and invisible nature.
The objective of this study was to demonstrate the correlations between various factors of rapid industrialization and the rising carbon monoxide levels in a developing country. Our research team visited Guatemala to monitor carbon monoxide levels in diverse locations of varying conditions: population, transportation, urbanization, or use of various ventilation. In areas with high levels of carbon monoxide (CO), a Lascar EL-USB-CO data logger was used. Our results indicated that in highly populated urban areas, especially those with a high density of vehicles, the CO levels reach up to 946.5 ppm. These findings supported the claims that those residing in Guatemala have been exposed to dangerous levels of carbon monoxide and that government should find ways to combat the risks caused by this silent epidemic
AN OVERVIEW OF MUSHROOM FARMING
No full textMushroom is a fungus shaped like an umbrella that grows in decomposing organic matter. Unlike most plants that produce seeds, mushrooms produce spores to continue the reproduction process. In this paper, we go into details of oyster mushroom farming, an in-depth analysis of the cultivation process, and its financial as well as health benefits
SOURCE DETERMINATION AND CONCENTRATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SOIL AROUND SELECTED ASPHALT PLANTS WITHIN PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
No full textThis study evaluated the concentration and sources of poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by means of Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization detector (GC/FID) in asphalt contaminated soils from three Asphalt Companies namely AUC, H & H and JAFAC, within Port Harcourt Metropolis. The total concentration of PAHs across the three places showed that AUC Asphalt was 160.7±40.84 mg/kg, H & H Asphalt was 684.5±206.0 mg/kg and JAFAC Asphalt had a total of 105.0±26.02 mg/kg while the overall mean was 316.7±90.95 mg/kg. These results were far above standard limits by WHO and other world agencies which may be of significant threat to health. Finally, the diagnostic ratio of LMWP/HMWP showed 0.007, 0.9 and 0.1 for AUC, H & H and JADAC respectively while the ring ratio were Ant/(Ant+Phe) with value of 0.2 for AUC and 0.4 for JAFAC. Flu/(Flu+Pyr) values were 0.005 for AUC, 0.8 for H & H and 1 for JAFAC while BaA/(BaA+Chr) were 1 for AUC, 0.9 for H & H and 0.3 for JAFAC respectively. The findings showed that the PAHs were of both petrogenic and pyrogenic origin
DIFFERENTIATING SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT UNITS USING LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS IN THE RURAL SPACE OF AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA
No full textDespite impressive progress made in economic development, inequality still characterizes the pattern of socio-economic development especially in rural areas. This study aimed at investigating socio-economic development levels among the communities in rural space in Mkpat Enin LGA using linear discriminant analysis. To achieve this, data on 53socio-economic development indicators were collected from 87 communities in the study area using questionnaire and field observation. K-Mean Cluster analysis was used to group all the 87 communities into different development regions based on the levels of performance on six extracted factors for the purpose by determining dimensions of rural socio-economic development. Result showed a wider disparity in socio-economic development among regions in the study area. The socio-economic development characteristics earlier derived were used to demarcate the communities into development regions (clusters/groups) yielding a total of five (5) groupings. This result showed that even at the rural level, the problem of regional inequalities existed. This implied that some communities were weak in terms of performances on socio-economic development characteristics. To press further, Multiple Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA) was used to assess the optimality of earlier groupings of communities in the study area as well as identify the variables which differentiated the groups earlier derived. The result showed that MLDA correctly classified 87.4 per cent of the rural communities. The analysis correctly classified 54.5% of Group 1 communities but misclassified 45.5% of Group 1 rural communities as Group 2 rural communities. It correctly classified 50.0% of Group 2 and misclassified 50.0% as Group 5. It correctly classified 100% of Group 3, 4 and 5 rural communities with no misclassifications. In addition, Co-operative Societies and Medium Scale Industries, Modern Socio-economic and Infrastructural facilities, Neighbourhood Religious/Health and Infrastructural Factor, and Modern Agricultural Facilities were identified as the most important indicators which discriminated the five groups of communities of the study area earlier derived from the cluster analysis solution thus highlighting theirrole in improving the socio-economic development level in the study area
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS AND MICROBIAL LOADS WITHIN THE COAL MINES OF ANAMBRA BASIN, NORTH CENTRAL, NIGERIA
No full textThe study aims to investigate the effect of coal mining on the drinking water quality of different water sources in Ankpa, Kogi State, Nigeria. A total of twenty (20) water samples were collected for physico-chemical (pH, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, turbidity, hardness), microbial (TPC, TC and E. coli) and heavy metal (Fe, Pb, Cr, Cu, As, Cd, Hg, Mn and Zn) analysis was determined using standard methods. The observed values of EC, TDS, chloride and sulphate were within WHO/NESREA standards. Heavy metals concentrations were generally low across the water sources. Similarly, the concentrations of Fe (0.01 – 0.18±0.048 mg/L), Pb (0.0006 – 0.008±0.002 mg/L), Cu (0.004 – 0.04±0.014 mg/L), Mn (0.003 – 0.032±0.0008 mg/L) and Zn (0.005 – 0.192±0.057 mg/L) were all within the permissible standards. The total coliform count of the water samples ranged from 1.40×102 to 2.00×102. The presence of E.coli in S-2, S-6, S-9, S-10, S-15 and S-19 is an indicator organism of feacal pollution. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) was far less than (<100) the critical value of 100. The Hazard Index (HI) of the metals in water samples showed a low risk (HI<1) across the different age groups. While the cumulative Cancer Risk also shows extremely low risk for the analyzed metals and indicates no adverse effects on human health within the study area