Journal of Global Ecology and Environment
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ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF THE EXOREIC WETLAND OF JALLABIA, SOUTHERN TUNISIA
No full textBased on the climatic phases already recorded in other wetlands, an age model of sedimentation in sebkha-lagoon of Jallabia was carried out to identify the climatic cyclicity. Along an 83 cm core, four major climatic phases were downward recorded. Marine and continental sebkha sensu stricto facies were alternating between 300 yr and 600 yr were interrupted by Anthropocene-Great Acceleration transitions and Holocene-Anthropocene at 70 yr and 300 yr ago respectively. Arid and wet climate alternation within marine sedimentation between 600 yr and 1600 yr. Based on the age model and the spectral analysis, we found a 500 yr cycle. This cycle was worldwide recorded based on geochemical as well as geophysical proxies
EFFECT OF LEAF PHENOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY AND WIND SPEED ON FOREST CANOPY HEIGHT AND ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS ESTIMATION USING OPTICAL UAV DATA IN MALAWI’S MIOMBO WOODLANDS
No full textThe study investigated the effect of tree leaf phenology, topography and wind speed on estimating forest canopy height (FCH) and above ground biomass (AGB) using optical drone data in Miombo Woodlands of Malawi. Data were acquired in 2019 from thirteen plots of Ntchisi Forest Reserve, in two-fold; tree measurements from 0.1ha in-situ plots and airborne RGB ortho-images overlaid on the terrestrial plots from 50 ha boxes. The imagery were acquired by DJI Phantom-4 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) at ~7cm pixel resolution. These were processed using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry algorithm in Agisoft Metashape Professional software. Malawi’s local allometry was used to estimate AGB while the Analysis of Variance was employed to test accuracy. Results reveal that leaf phenology, topography and wind speed significantly (P<0.05) affected estimation of FCH and AGB using the airborne observations. Wind speed contributed highly (53.95% and 55.52%) to the total variation of FCH and AGB, respectively. Furthermore, wind speed upsurge >5m.s-1 (-666.90±27.62%; -64.78±8.47%), topography >15% slope (-114.53±2.92%; -17.07±2.31%) and leaf-off condition (-188.45±25.62%; -27.80±7.98 %) bore higher errors for FCH and AGB, respectively. A significant variation of relationship (R2=0.71; P<0.05) was observed between ground-based height and UAV canopy height. Nevertheless, the variation of the relationship strongly increased by 10% to R2=0.81 when two plots highly affected by the wind speed were excluded from the analysis. Similarly, a significant variation of relationship (R2=0.81; P<0.05) was registered between the ground-based and UAV-based AGB. Correspondingly, a very strong variation of relationship (R2= 0.95; an increase by 14%) was yielded when the two plots highly affected by wind speed were excluded from the analysis. These findings imply that seasonal leaf-fall, slope and wind speed significantly influence the accuracy of FCH and AGB estimations in Miombo Woodlands. Hence, for accurate results, it is a pre-requisite to consider leaf-phenology, topography and wind speed prior to undertaking ground and airborne inventory in the Woodlands
THE EFFECT OF COVID 19 ON MORINGA FARMERS UNDER THE VILLAGE SAVINGS AND LOANS ASSOCIATIONS IN NORTH-WESTERN GHANA
No full textThis paper explored the current structure and dynamics of the village savings and loans associations operations by women and its socio-economic impact during the peak of Covid-19 on sanitation. The study adopted a mixed method design of qualitative and quantitative approach. Women groups who have operated, managed, and sustained for over the period of five (5) years were selected for the study. In all, 48 women between the ages of 18-60 years participated in the study. The study revealed that absenteeism, irregular share-buying, and nonpayment of loans behaviors are factors that were found to negatively affect the structure, dynamics, and sustainability of village savings and loans in 2021 due to Covid 19. The study also identified inadequate medical care, reduction in household incomes and nutrition gaps as key adverse effects of covid-19 on the women farmers. Some trades like Pito brewing, ‘‘Kosee’,’ Shea butter and food vending businesses are either collapsed or almost folding up due to covid-19. Communities relapsed into open defecation due to collapse of household toilets because of Covid-19 related poverty. The study concludes that rural women had challenges in contributing to the village savings and loans schemes or pay back their loans thereby threatening the solvency of the groups due to the COVID crisis. The study recommends that women farmers must be given training in financial literacy and bookkeeping. Both local and international organizations must collaborate to overcome the effects of post Covid-19 on poverty and sanitation
EFFECT OF FLOOD ON FRINGE MANGROVE IN SOUTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
No full textThis study assessed the effect of flood on fringe mangrove in South-eastern Nigeria. The approach includes assessing historical climatic factors of about 50 years in comparison to field studied data with the standard method of sampling and analysis. The mean temperature of surface water in south-eastern Nigeria ranges from 26.7°C to 32.0oC, salinity record varied from 17.7 0/00 to 31.7 0/00 minimum and maximum respectively, dissolved oxygen (DO) which indicates the healthy nature of a water body ranges between 3.7 and 5.0 mg/l. Mangroves coverage in the study area between 1982, 2003 and 2021 is given as 55%, 31% and 14% respectively, with ANOVA test p-value of 0.02 and 0.03 for row and column data. The correlation of temperature to rainfall show negative r = -0.09194, annual sea level show a strong correlation (r = 0.831499) with temperature, pointing out that temperature is the main key factor contributing to the flooding and inundation of the south-eastern Nigerian coast. Temperature and salinity correlate positively (r = 0.981) with each other and both correlate negatively with dissolved oxygen (r = -0.70, -0.82), correlate positively with mangrove species abundance (r = 0.838, 0.927) and diversity in same range while correlating negatively with mangrove evenness distribution (r = -2E-16). The study showed that the mangrove ecosystem in south-eastern Nigeria had decreased in size due to changing environmental condition such as temperature, salinity, annual rainfall and sea level rise. The goods and services provided by this ecosystem also decreased posing a threat to poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation in south-eastern Nigeria. The study concluded that aside from human influence to mangrove ecosystem, flood poses a great threat through inundation and coastal erosion to the survival and sustenance of this ecosystem and its services rendered to the environment and mankind in general
PROFILE OF TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN THE WATER AND SEDIMENT COLUMNS OF THE ORASHI RIVER, ENGENNI, RIVERS STATE, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
No full textSamples were collected from the water and sediment columns of the Orashi River from December 2019 to June 2020 at intervals of two months and then analyzed for the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons and the origin of the petroleum hydrocarbons pollution in the river. Laboratory pretreatment of samples, extraction procedures and gas chromatography clean-up methods were properly followed before sample analysis and determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons components Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Total petroleum hydrocarbons components recorded were from C8-C40 fractions in the water and sediments of the river. The concentration values of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the water of the river lied between 5.844-16.888 mg/L and in the sediments the value recorded ranged between 16.655-50.504mg/Kg. The source diagnostic ratios and indices applied such as C15-C19 odd numbered hydrocarbons, C18-C22 even numbered hydrocarbons, LMW/HMW, LHC/SHC, C31/C19 ratios and the CPI and ACL indices revealed the source of total petroleum hydrocarbons pollution in the river was from both natural and anthropogenic input. Therefore control and regulatory measures need to be put in place to checkmate the activities that bring about total petroleum hydrocarbons present in the river so that human health and aquatic flora and fauna will be preserved within the river and its environs
GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A CATALYST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN NIGERIA
No full textThis paper examined how green human resource management is a catalyst for environmental sustainability in Nigeria. The paper reviewed related literatures on the GHRM and its role in improving sustainable development while HR managers are driving workplace for sustainability in terms of balancing the planet, people, and profit to produce success and viability in the long-term. The article went on to detail some of the predicted advantages of adopted sustainability programmes, including internal advantages such as organizational, financial, and human advantages, as well as external advantages such as commercial, environmental, and communication advantages. The study also explains how GHRM may use diverse practices such as recruiting and selection, training and workplace learning, and management to achieve its goals. Performance management, assessment, and reward management, as well as employment relations, are all used to reduce carbon emissions in the workplace with the goal of achieving a sustainable environment. Green HRM, it was established, contributes to environmental sustainability while also increasing organizational performance. Finally, the report advised that the government and other businesses recognize the value of GHRM and include green HR practices into their plans, policies, and strategies
ESTIMATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN SOIL AND Phragmites australis (PHYTOREMEDIATION) IN FATHA AND QAYYARAH AREAS IN SALAH AL-DIN AND NINAVA GOVERNORATES- IRAQ
No full textIn this study estimation some heavy metals (Fe, Ni, and Co) in soil and Phragmites australis plant in Fatha and Qayyarah areas in Salah Al-Din Governorate- Iraq. The results indicated the mean concentration of heavy metals was high in the far soils from Phragmites australis, reaching (515.2277, 567.406) µg/g in Qayyarah and Al-Fatah sites, respectively, compared to the nearby soils from Phragmites australis, reaching (486.5935, 547.0155) µg/g in the Qayyarah and Al-Fatah sites, respectively. The mean concentration of heavy metals in the roots compared to the leaves was (263.1625, 447.4625) µg/g in the roots of the Phragmites australis for Qayyarah and Al-Fatah sites, respectively, and it reached (150.6750, 266.5346) µg/g in the leaves of the Phragmites australis in Qayyarah and Al-Fatah sites, respectively.
The Phragmites australis showed bioaccumulation of heavy metals in its roots higher than the rest of the plant, and the copper (Cu) element in the Al-Fatah site was superior to the rest of the heavy elements (Fe, Ni, and Co) with a bioaccumulation rate of 2.325 µg/g and the cobalt (Co) element on the rest of the heavy metals in Qayyarah have a bioaccumulation rate of 2.835 µg
LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGE AS SUB-INDICATOR FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL-15: IMPLICATION FOR LAND RESTORATION IN ETHIOPIA
No full textLand degradation because of land use and land cover change is severe phenomena in Ethiopia which is mainly caused by lack of appropriate land use policy and feasible land use plan. The understanding of land use and land cover change is vital to determine the rate of land improvement and /or degradation for achievements made for the implementation of sustainable development goal -15 which refer to making land suitable for life. Forest landscape restoration interventions have been underway for the last two decades through community and government initiatives which has supported implementation of sustainable development goal-15. A study was conducted using secondary information from trend Earth Global Observation of national data to analyse the land use and land cover change from 2000-2015. The result showed that the total land mass of Ethiopia is 1,151,167.7km2 and through implementation of forest land scape restoration interventions 18,051.8 km2 area accounting 1.61% has been improved or restored, while 1,096,220.4 km2 area accounting 97.90% of remained stable and 5,443.4 km2 area accounting 0.49% of was degraded. Result also showed tree covered and built up area have increased at the expense of cropland, wet lands, grass land, other land which have decreased proportionally. Result of our study draws policy implication of designing and implementing appropriate land use planning to resolve the fast trend of increasing urbanization as driver land use and land cover change which was observed within fifteen years. The increase in urbanization induces land degradation ultimately reduce on the national effort of forest landscape restoration interventions in reversing land degradation for combating desertification
EVALUATION OF HEAVY METALS IN PLANTS FROM PREVIOUSLY REMEDIATED SITES IN NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
No full textThe concentration of heavy metals such as Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr) and Iron (Fe) were evaluated in forty-eight plant samples from previously remediated oil spill sites located in Abia, Imo and Rivers states for two different seasons using Atomic Absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in order to assess their availability in the plants. The results obtained were subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Results showed concentration of zinc, copper, chromium and copper were below the minimum limits of 6.0mg/kg by WHO, while cadmium and mercury levels were below detectable level of the AAS. However, lead concentrations in all the plant samples exceeded minimum acceptable limits of 0.1mg/kg as specified by WHO, as well as 0.2/0.3 for WHO/FOA joint standards
EFFECT OF INSECTICIDE TREATMENT ON ARBOREAL ANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN SMALL HOLDER COCOA FARM IN THE CENTRE REGION OF CAMEROON
No full textTo understand the effect of anthropogenic disturbances, mainly related to insecticide treatment on ant community structure, the present study was conducted on Cameroonian cocoa farms during two consecutive crop cycles. Ant sampling was based on chemical knock down in three smallholding cocoa farms selected in three different agro-ecological zones in the Centre Region of Cameroon. The C-score was used for null model analysis in order to detect deterministic factor of ant community structure and Spearman correlation test to screen relationship between pair species. Seven ant species were identified as a numerically dominant: Crematogaster clariventris, Crematogaster gabonensis, Crematogaster striatula, Camponotus vividus, Cataulacus guineensis, Tetramorium aculeatum and Oecophylla longinoda. Ant communities were structured by the competition and negative relationship were found between dominant species. Insecticide-treatments affected the ant community structure by favoring the acquisition of the dominant status by non-dominant species