Journal of Global Ecology and Environment
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ASSESSMENT OF THE FACTORS THAT LED TO THE DETERIORATION AND DECLINE OF CITRUS TREES IN AL-ZAHRA AREA, LIBYA
No full textThis research looked at the markers and causes of citrus tree degeneration and decline in the Al-Zahra region. Using a model and sending a questionnaire to 60 farmers, the hypothesis of deterioration and decrease in citrus trees and the causes that contributed to the deterioration and decrease was produced via the research issue. During the examination of the unique questionnaire, where the percentage was in a row, the portion connected to water quality, type of irrigation, soil, and their purposes. The majority of sample members said that the water quality is invalid, and they employed the sprinkler irrigation method 90% of the time.
In terms of agricultural operations, where the questionnaire included several factors as an indicator of deterioration and decrease, it was recorded that organic fertilization was not used; the percentage reached 86.3 percent, followed by chemical fertilization at 70%, tillage at 70%, and the presence of light pruning at a high rate of 70%. As for the outcomes of urban development, taking into account that it is one common component, and summarizing the scenario, that involves the building of roads and amenities! There is an influence of export and displacement due to industrial, closeness and distance from the public road, factories, location, and occupational status. When the arithmetic mean of all the parameters was calculated, it became evident that 72 percent had an influence on the decline of citrus trees, whereas 28 percent do not
SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, PERCENTAGE POROSITY AND ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT OF AN ULTISOL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThe wet and dry seasons in tropical soils not only differ markedly in precipitation, moisture content and irradiation but also can potentially affect some of the key characteristics that define different soil types. The seasonal effects on saturated hydraulic conductivity, percentage porosity and organic matter status was conducted in an Ultisol in Imo state Nigeria in 2016 and 2017. Four different land uses was used for the study. Samples were collected in the rainy and dry seasons of 2016 and 2017 through the sampling of the horizons of the land uses through the different profile pits dug in the land uses. Collected samples were prepared using standard procedures. Results indicate obvious variations in the soils saturated hydraulic conductivity in both rainy and dry seasons of 2016 and 2017 with the first dry season having the highest percentage of total porosity. Similarly the dry season had the lowest moisture content with the second dry season having the highest percentage moisture content of 17.2. All the parameters studied showed obvious variations in both seasons. Thus having a good knowledge of the seasonal variations in soil hydraulic parameters will unarguably preform land users on the potential dangers that may disrupt the food supply chain. Improving the organic matter content of the soil through mulching and fallowing will reduce the seasonal variations that are usually encountered by land users
HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENTS, PRAWN AND FISH FROM THE ISAKA RIVER
No full textThis study determined the heavy metal concentrations of sediments, prawn and fish (SP&F) of Isaka River. Samples were collected from four stations of the river viz; Bundu, Ibeto, Macoba and Union-Dicon. Samples were prepared using standard procedure, analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer for heavy metals; Vanadium, Chromium, Nickel, Copper, Barium, Cadmium, Arsenic, Mercury and Lead. Results are as follows; Concentrations for Vanadium in Bundu, SP&F were 0.64±0.02, 1.44±0.02 and 3.94±2.16 mg/kg respectively; in Ibeto, Concentration were 0.71±0.01, 4.793.19 and 8.06±1.28 mg/kg for SP&F respectively. Macoba had concentrations of 0.85±0.02, 1.82±0.06 and 6.97±1.53 mg/kg, Union-Dicon had concentrations of 0.68±0.13, 1.66±0.02 and 7.06±1.19 mg/kg for SP&F respectively. Concentrations of chromium in the SP&F of Bundu were 3.11±0.00, 3.01±0.66 and 119.74±20.20 mg/kg, for Ibeto Concentrations were 2.37±0.38, 3.54±0.75 and 160.70±7.46 mg/kg respectively. Concentrations in SP&F for Macoba were 4.19±0.04, 4.96±0.59 and 143.60±4.72 mg/kg while Union-Dicon were 3.85±0.03, 7.11±1.99 and 162.06±13.09 mg/kg respectively. Concentrations of nickel in Bundu SP&F were 1.71±0.11, 5.6±2.36 and 29.70±13.14 mg/kg while Ibeto were 1.54±0.02, 4.62±0.47 and 55.76±23.36 respectively. In Macoba and Union-Dicon the values for SP&F were 2.14±0.03, 6.72±1.22 and 57.48±4.72 mg/kg then 1.58±0.04, 7.21±2.24 and 44.50±4.51 mg/kg respectively. Concentrations of copper in SP&F in Bundu, Ibeto, Macoba and Union-Dicon were 3.20±0.06, 4.29±0.07 and 178.01±3.74, 4.24±10.39, 7.34±1.50 and 230.94±97.6, 4.54±1.23, 8.59±0.77 and 196.95±2.13 then finally 5.47±2.09, 9.22±0.55 and 208.76±6.87 mg/kg respectively. Concentrations of Barium in SP&F for Bundu were 1.51±0.27, 3.58±0.30 and 70.26±7.81 mg/kg respectively, concentrations in Ibeto were 1.98±0.15, 3.34±0.18 and 69.91±2.30 mg/kg, Macoba were 2.49±0.31, 4.04±0.91 and 65.20±25.05, mg/kg and in Union-Dicon the concentration were 2.79±0.11, 4.98±0.45 and 63.87±13.60 mg/kg for SP&F respectively. Cadmium, Arsenic, Mercury and Lead were all below detectable limit. The study reveals the river is polluted with heavy metals; this pollution renders the sea foods gotten from this river unsafe for human consumption
THE INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION (EE) AS A TEACHING SUBJECT USING A WASTE SEPARATION APPROACH, A CASE STUDY OF SCHOOLS AT IFAKO-IJAIYE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThe Nigerian society lacks profound environmental awareness, knowledge and attitudes (AKA) on sustainable environmental practices. This research analyses how Environmental Education (EE) could help to develop the students’ awareness, knowledge and attitude towards their environment. The research investigates two secondary schools selected randomly in Lagos state, Nigeria. The empirical part of this research follows qualitative and quantitative data analyses obtained through primary and secondary sources as experimental research. The research further generalizes the discussion and proposes some topics to be integrated into the teaching of EE, followed by some constraining factors that may affect the teaching of environmental education in Nigeria. This research has not proven that the introduction of EE as a teaching single subject is the only solution to the environmental problems in Nigeria, but rather will help to challenge the students’ environmental responsibility in their society
HEMATOLOGICAL VALUES IN THE LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLE DERMOCHELYS CORIACEA FOUND AT BARRA DELA CRUZ BEACH, OAXACA, MÉXICO
No full textIn the months of December and January of the nesting 2013 season 2014 were copies of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) on the beach bar de la Cruz, Oaxaca to determine the correlation between the biometric measures curved carapace length and values of hematological, between these and the curved carapace width and Hematological values and the State of deterioration of each female. Were punctures in breast cervical dorsal half of spawning, when females were completely immobile [1]; 8 females, four altered blood samples were obtained (presence of barnacles, fungi and barnacle) and four not altered. We found seven blood cells in all turtles, varying according to the alteration. In not altered turtles were 10 783 erythrocytes values; 2 043 heterophile; 6 576 monocytes; 5 802 basophils; 2 010 azurophilic; trombocito 9 090 and lymphocyte 1 148, while in the altered: 2 622 erythrocytes; 1 077 heterophile; 1 557 monocytes; basophil 3 080; 1 927 azurophilic; thrombocytes 309 5 and 1 773 lymphocyte. Through the analysis of linear correlation was determined that organisms which presented alterations had fewer blood cells, which had no physical changes were greater number of blood cells and there is no correlation between the curved carapace width and the number of blood cells
WOODY SPECIES COMPOSITION AND RECRUITMENT STRUCTURES OF FOUR COMMON SPECIES IN AN ARID AND SEMI-ARID ECOSYSTEM OF ETHIOPIA
No full textThe spatial variations in woody species composition and recruitment structures are less explored in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. We aimed to fill this gap by undertaking the study on three sites which were purposively selected from Awash River Basin based on their area extent and altitudinal gradients. In each vegetation site, we laid out one transect line and on each transect 12 sample plots (each size: 50 × 50 m) were placed with 200 m intervals, resulting in 36 sample plots. Woody species composition difference among the three sites was tested using Adonis2 function. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination analysis was run to visualize the species composition in relation to the vegetation sites in ordination space. The difference in species richness among the sites and the effect of altitudinal variation were tested using a generalized linear model with the Poisson family. The results showed that the species composition was different among the sites and significantly dependent on altitudinal variation (P=0.001). The species richness and number of unique species was higher at Mille site when compared with other two sites, and the alpha diversities of vegetations were reciprocally related to the magnitude of beta diversity. The recruitment structure was poor in sites where the species richness was lower, although the overall patterns vary across sites. Our overall results suggest that restoration schemes need to take onto account the recruitment structure of specific species to enhance the overall health of the vegetation ecosystems, especially in arid and semi-arid ecosystems
EVALUATION OF EIGHT SELECTED ETHIOPIAN INDIGENOUS FORAGE SPECIES FOR THEIR NUTRITIVE VALUES
No full textIndigenous forage species contribute to the largest proportion of the livestock feed in Ethiopia. However, their potential as livestock feed has often been overlooked. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the nutritive value of eight selected Ethiopian indigenous forage species for their nutritive value. The experiment was undertaken using a complete randomized design at Wondogent medicinal field gene bank. Results showed that Pennisetum pedicellatum (91.72%) and Medicago polymorpha (91.68%) had significantly (P<0.001) higher dry matter (DM) contents than other forage species with the exception of Medicago sativa. Ash content (15.46%) of Pennisetum pedicellatum was the highest (P<0.001) of all the species except Medicago sativa, while the highest organic matter (OM) content (90.80%) was record from Medicago polymorpha. Vicia species had (P<0.05) higher crude protein (CP) concentration (19.03%) than that of Medicago sativa (13.57%), Medicago lupulina (12.36%), Medicago polymorpha (11.57%) and Pennisetum pedicellatum (7.47%). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was higher (P<0.05) in Pennisetum pedicellatum (76.23%), whereas Sesbania sesban had the lowest (P<0.05) NDF value except Sebania grandiflora. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) was significantly higher in Medicago lupulina (53.80%) while Sesbania sesban had lower contents of both ADF (39.42%) and ADF (34.04%). However, there was no significant variation in terms of acid detergent lignin (ADL), metabolizable energy (ME) and In vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) among these forge species. Generally, with the exception of Pennisetum pedicellatum, the moderate CP, and lower fiber content of these forage species suggest that they have high nutritional value that deserves special attention
FLOOD VULNERABILITY MAPPING OF RIVER NGADDA USING GEOSPATIAL AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES MAIDUGURI METROPOLIS, BORNO STATE
No full textFlood disaster has been threating to animal, plants, land, human and non-human resources over the years. This have increased concerns on the need to investigate various vulnerable areas to flood for decision making. As a mitigative measures to loss of lives, properties, and livelihood which could arise from flood disaster, understanding zones at risk to flooding is vital to support all stages of disaster management including early warning and planning. River Ngadda is a major river within Maiduguri metropolis. Its plains and banks are known to have different activities and resources. When the river overflows its shores, neighboring lands could suffer destruction, there could be loss of lives and properties. This project aims to investigate flood vulnerability along River Ngadda identifying the shores, plains, and banks of the river at risk. The research adopts ground truth information, the use of Aster DEM (30m) and Sentinel 2 (10m) Satellite Imagery dataset through Geospatial and Remote Sensing techniques to assess undulating nature of the area under study, identify areas liable to flood and analyzed the flood plain. Further analysis was carried out to obtain the Land use and Landcover (LULC) within the study area using a supervised classification and areas at various flood risk were also identified. This research results presented the river plains, flood vulnerable impact on LULC, it was found that 13.17 hectares of built-up areas fall within the very high flood risk zone, over sixty six percent (66%) of the study area appears fall within the moderate to very high vulnerable flood risk zone and the production of the flood plains, LULC, risk and hazard map of the study area was presented. This result could aid early warning, planning and decision making for River Ngadda and its environs
INFLUENCE OF POULTRY MANURE AND POTASSIUM ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUNFLOWER GROWN UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITIONS
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the Research and Production Station of the National Research Center in Nubaria District, Beheira Governorate, Egypt, during the 2020 /2021 to study the effect of organic (Poultry Manure) and inorganic fertilizers (Potassium Nitrate) on sunflower growth parameters under water stress conditions. The soil application of Poultry manure (0, 2, 4, 6 ton fed-1) occupied the main plots and potassium nitrate treatments applied as a foliar spray at the rates (0, 1, 2 and 3%) randomly distributed in the sub-plots. Results showed that the increase in poultry manure rates was accompanied by significant increase in chlorophyll content, relative water content and total leaf Area. Data indicated that the maximum values of the proline content were registered for the control treatment and the minimum values recorded with the application of 6-ton poultry manure fed-1 combined with 3.0% KNO3 foliar spray under sufficient and deficit irrigation treatments. Results indicated that increasing poultry manure rates was associated with significant increase of sunflower plant height, head weight, head diameter, 100 seed weight and grain yield of sunflower. Results indicated that the highest values of growth and yield parameters of sunflower were attained by application of 6.0 ton fed-1 poultry manure with a foliar spray KNO3 at a rate of 3.0% under water stress condition
ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF ECOHYDROLOGICAL INTERVENTION ON THE WETLANDS ALONG THE SOUTHEASTERN SHORE OF LAKE TANA, ETHIOPIA
No full textLake Tana watershed wetlands have critical functions of nutrient and sediment retention, biodiversity and hydrological functions. Although ecohydrological solutions have been proposed, a comprehensive study on the impacts of ecohydrology intervention in relation to biological aspects is limited. Information regarding the ecological impacts of ecohydrology based intervention approach in the wetland ecosystem plays an indispensable role in increasing biodiversity and improves water quality. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of ecohydrological intervention in relation to macrophytes, phytoplankton and zooplankton of the wetlands in Lake Tana shore. Quantitative characteristics of macrophytes and plankton sampling were conducted using transect and quadrat method along vegetation and water depth gradients. The biological data were measured on each fixed sampling point. Macrophytes, phytoplankton and zooplankton were significantly different (p<0.05) across the sampling sites. Low disturbed wetland supports higher abundance and diversity of macrophytes, phytoplankton and zooplankton than moderately and highly disturbed wetlands. Overall results of the study confirmed that biological abundance and diversity were associated with the level of disturbance of wetlands. Therefore, emphasis should be given to the factors which may lead to the degradation of wetland resources within and its catchment. Immediate ecohydrology based intervention approaches should be implemented to conserve and minimize further degradation of wetlands along the shore of Lake Tana