Journal of Learning on History and Social Sciences
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THE PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF VIRTUOUS SOCIETY: ANALYZING ABU NASR FARABI’S VISION IN “THE CITY OF VIRTUOUS PEOPLE”
No full textIn the Eastern world, particularly in Uzbekistan, the concept of communal living is not merely a practical arrangement but a profound ethos that binds individuals’ together, nurturing mutual solidarity and establishing a fundamental societal structure. This communal lifestyle holds significant sway over the formation and evolution of individual beliefs, cultural values, and collective identity. When exploring the elevated expressions of spirituality observed in our region, such as the widespread virtues of kindness and generosity, it becomes imperative to delve into their socio-philosophical origins. These virtues are not incidental traits but are deeply rooted in the historical, philosophical, and cultural fabric of Eastern societies, including our own. They serve as moral compass points that guide interpersonal relations, community dynamics, and broader societal development, reflecting a heritage of shared wisdom and communal resilience that continues to shape our nation’s cultural landscape
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ORAL CREATION OF THE PEOPLE IN THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL VALUES
No full textIn this article, the role and importance of the art of bakshiki in the further strengthening and development of the national spiritual values of the Uzbek people, which have been formed over the centuries, are discussed. Also, for almost a century, various opinions have been expressed about the Alpomish saga. In them, various aspects of the epic are thoroughly researched. The issues of the importance of the large-scale reforms implemented in the further development of the wide promotion of folk art have been scientifically analyzed
CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AND HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF CENTRAL ASIAN NATIONAL COSTUMES (THE CASE OF HEADDRESSES)
No full textGeneral Background: National costumes are crucial cultural artifacts that reflect the historical and social fabric of societies. In Central Asia, these traditional garments offer significant insights into regional customs and social structures. Specific Background: Despite their importance, there is a limited understanding of how Central Asian national costumes, particularly headdresses, embody and communicate cultural values and traditions. Previous research has often overlooked the nuanced relationship between these garments and local customs. Knowledge Gap: There is a notable gap in comprehensive studies that link the cultural and symbolic significance of national costumes with their historical evolution and contemporary relevance, particularly in the context of tourism and cultural preservation. Aims: This study aims to explore the cultural significance and historical evolution of Central Asian national costumes, focusing on their relationship with life customs and traditions. It employs a mixed-methods approach to address existing knowledge gaps. Results: The research reveals that traditional headdresses in Central Asia carry deep symbolic and functional meanings, with distinct styles reflecting regional identities and social hierarchies. The analysis demonstrates a rich tapestry of cultural heritage and artistic expression inherent in these garments, highlighting both their unity and diversity. Novelty: By integrating qualitative and quantitative data from surveys, literature reviews, archival research, and official tourist websites, this study offers a comprehensive perspective on the role of national costumes in Central Asia. It provides new insights into the interplay between tradition, identity, and tourism. Implications: The findings underscore the importance of preserving and promoting traditional clothing as a vital component of Central Asia's cultural heritage. They suggest that national costumes play a significant role in enhancing cultural tourism and preserving regional identities, thus contributing to the broader field of cultural preservation and tourism development
SOME COMMENTS ON THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF KHOREZM FORTIFICATION MONUMENTS
No full textGeneral Background: The study of fortification monuments provides critical insights into historical military architecture and urban planning. Khwarezm, a region rich in ancient fortifications, offers a unique case study due to its strategic significance and architectural diversity. Specific Background: Historical research on Khwarezmian fortifications has predominantly focused on their architectural features and historical context within Central Asia. Early studies emphasized the military and defensive roles of these structures, reflecting their importance in regional security and administration. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive documentation, gaps remain in understanding the chronological development of these fortifications, their specific functions within the local socio-political landscape, and their interactions with neighboring cultures and technologies. Aims: This study aims to review and synthesize the historical research on Khwarezmian fortifications, highlighting advances and persistent gaps. It seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of these structures and their broader historical implications. Results: The analysis reveals that while substantial progress has been made in identifying and categorizing Khwarezmian fortifications, there remains a lack of detailed chronological frameworks and a limited understanding of their socio-political roles over time. Recent findings suggest a more nuanced interaction between Khwarezmian fortifications and surrounding civilizations than previously understood. Novelty: This review introduces a critical re-evaluation of Khwarezmian fortification studies, integrating recent archaeological discoveries and historiographical advancements. It proposes a revised framework for understanding the evolution and significance of these structures within their historical context. Implications: The findings offer new perspectives on the historical development of fortification strategies in Central Asia, contributing to broader discussions on military architecture and urban planning in ancient civilizations. This synthesis has potential implications for future research directions and preservation efforts in the region.
 
THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS FOR THE PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM ON THE BASIS OF DUAL EDUCATION
No full textGeneral Background: The training of specialists in the preschool education system is crucial for ensuring high-quality early childhood education, which significantly impacts children's development and learning outcomes. Specific Background: The dual education system, which combines theoretical learning with practical experience, has emerged as an effective approach for preparing educators. However, its application in preschool education remains underexplored, particularly in the context of engineering-pedagogy. Knowledge Gap: Despite the recognized benefits of dual education, there is a lack of comprehensive studies examining its theoretical principles and organizational frameworks within preschool education, leaving a gap in understanding how this approach can enhance the training of preschool educators. Aims: This article aims to elucidate the theoretical foundations and principles of training specialists for the preschool education system based on the dual education model, highlighting its relevance and effectiveness. Results: The findings suggest that the dual education system fosters a more integrated learning experience, enabling educators to apply theoretical knowledge in practical settings, thereby enhancing their pedagogical competencies. Novelty: This research introduces a conceptual framework for the dual education model specifically tailored for preschool education, emphasizing its unique contributions to developing skilled educators equipped to meet the diverse needs of young learners. Implications: The implications of this study advocate for the integration of dual education principles in preschool teacher training programs, encouraging educational institutions to adopt this model to improve training outcomes and ultimately enrich the quality of early childhood education
Methodology of organizing music lessons in 5-7 grades of general secondary schools based on new technologies
No full textIn this article, the methodology of the music teacher's organization of music lessons in the 5th-7th grades of general secondary schools on the basis of new technologies is explained.  
IMPROVING CHILDREN'S FINE MOTOR SKILLS AT THE AGE OF 4 - 5 YEARS THROUGH CHARCOAL FINGER PAINTING ACTIVITIES
No full textFine motor skills are an important ability for children to have. This research aims to improve the fine motor skills of children aged 4-5 years through charcoal finger painting activities. The research method used is the Class Action Research Method (PTK) which is carried out through 4 stages, namely planning, implementation and observation, reflection. The research subjects were 20 group A students at RA Ar-Rohmah. The data collection technique uses observation and documentation with a target of 75% success as seen in the child's ability in 1) eye and hand coordination, 2) finger strength, 3) wrist flexibility. The results of the research showed that there was an increase in the pre-cycle, the results were 47.5%, the results in cycle 1 were 72.5% and the results were 83.5% in cycle II, which means that charcoal finger painting activities can improve children's fine motor skills
APPLICATION OF THE SYLLABLE READING METHOD FOR IMPROVING STUDENTS' READING ABILITY IN LEARNING INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN CLASS I STATE STATE 35 PRIVATE SCHOOL 35 TRANS SATA KAYONG UTARA DISTRICT
No full textThis research was carried out because in the delivery of material by the teacher, students did not understand it. This has an impact on students' low reading abilities, resulting in low student learning outcomes. This is because the delivery of the material is not supported by appropriate learning media, inappropriate supporting books, and inappropriate methods. This research is one of the graduation requirements for the PKP course and increases the teacher's ability to design learning using the syllabic reading method, with the aim of increasing students' reading ability and understanding of material as well as increasing the trust of the community around the school. The focus of this research lies in students' reading abilities using the syllabic reading method. Research activities are divided into two cycles with each cycle consisting of one face-to-face meeting. It is hoped that the results of this research can improve students' reading ability and student learning outcomes according to the established Kkm. From the achievement of the results of the student learning process using the syllabic reading method, there has been an increase. This can be seen from cycle one with an average class score of 58 to 84 in cycle two and a percentage of 30% in cycle one to 90% in cycle two
Regarding the role of rock paintings in studying the spiritual and religious life of ancient people
No full textIn this article, an attempt was made to reveal information about the role of stone paintings in the study of the spiritual and religious life of ancient people based on the data studied and scientifically analyzed by scientist
SCIENCE AND SPIRITUALITY IN CHAGANIYAN
No full textIn this article, In the 10th-11th centuries, Chaganion became one of the major cultural centers of Central Asia. Along with the socio-economic development of the country, this was caused by the great care of Chaganiyan emirs for the development of science and culture