Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
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WRIST AND HAND STRUCTURE: HISTOLOGY AND DISEASE PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFThe wrist and hand are intricate anatomical structures essential for human mobility, dexterity, and performing daily tasks, comprising bones, muscles, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels that operate as an integrated system. Diseases affecting these structures, such as tendinitis, arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and osteoarthritis, compromise their function and quality of life, and their diagnosis and treatment increasingly rely on understanding histological changes at the tissue level. Despite the clinical importance of wrist and hand disorders, comprehensive analysis connecting histological features with clinical symptoms and the effectiveness of evolving treatment methods remains limited. This study aims to examine the anatomical and histological structure of the wrist and hand, analyze common diseases from a microscopic perspective, and evaluate contemporary treatment strategies based on recent scientific findings. Histological analysis reveals that inflammation, tissue degeneration, and fibrosis are common pathological features across different wrist and hand diseases, with treatments such as NSAIDs, corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid injections, and regenerative medicine showing promising outcomes. By linking clinical manifestations with underlying histological alterations, this article highlights the role of histology in early diagnosis, individualized treatment planning, and the advancement of novel therapeutic approaches. Enhancing knowledge of histological mechanisms not only improves diagnosis and treatment of wrist and hand diseases but also contributes to developing preventive strategies, ultimately advancing patient care in musculoskeletal medicine
MORPHOMETRIC CHANGES IN THE TESTIS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED RENAL FAILURE AND THEIR BIOCORRECTION
Get PDFObjective: This study investigates the effects of chemotherapy-induced renal impairment on testicular morphology and evaluates the efficacy of a biocorrective intervention aimed at mitigating associated reproductive damage. Method: Conducted at the Department of Trauma Outcomes and Orthopaedics, Surkhandarya Multidisciplinary Medical Centre, the study utilized an animal model to simulate cytotoxic therapy-induced renal failure. Histological and morphometric analyses of testicular tissue were performed, focusing on parameters such as seminiferous tubule diameter, spermatogenic stratification, and interstitial cell function. A biocorrective agent with antioxidant properties was administered to assess restorative outcomes. Results: Chemotherapy-induced renal dysfunction resulted in significant structural alterations in the testes, including reduced spermatogenic activity and cellular degeneration. Treatment with the biocorrective compound led to partial restoration of testicular architecture and improved cellular integrity. Novelty: The study provides new insights into the systemic consequences of chemotherapy, particularly its underrecognized impact on male reproductive health, and demonstrates the therapeutic potential of targeted biocorrection in preserving gonadal function. These findings support a more integrative, organ-preserving approach in oncology care that prioritizes long-term quality of life alongside cancer eradication
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CORONAVIRUS AFTER RECOVERING
Get PDFObjective: The Psychological Distress among Patients with Coronavirus after Recovering. Due to that public health emergencies resulting from COVID-19 are negatively impacting the mental health of the population affected by COVID pandemic. Method: A descriptive – analytic study Online sample that selected from Al Najaf Governorate from January 15th2021 through July 1st2021. Participants were invited to complete the GHQ-28 scale during the quarantine period. Results: A total of n = 199 surveys completed by patients with coronavirus. (53.77 %) of them have moderate levels according to the total score of 28-GH scale. And no significant relationship between demographic data and total 28-GH assessment. Novelty: The COVID-19 quarantine was associated with stresses and significant increases in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with coronavirus. The patients require increased access to mental health services to meet this increase in COVID-19-related psychological distress
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL BEHAVIOR IN MAINTAINING DENTAL HEALTH AND DENTAL CARIES EXPERIENCE IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Get PDFObjective: The high prevalence of dental caries among preschool children in Indonesia and the central role of parental behavior in maintaining children’s oral health form the background of this study. The aim was to analyze the relationship between parents’ oral health maintenance behavior and the experience of permanent dental caries (DMFT) in preschool children in Sidoarjo City. Methods: This research employed a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 30 children aged 3–6 years and 30 parents selected through total sampling. Parental behavior was assessed using a questionnaire, while children’s caries experience was evaluated using a DMFT index adapted for children. Data were analyzed univariately to describe respondents’ characteristics and bivariately using Spearman’s correlation test to examine the relationship between parental behavior and caries experience. Results: The results showed that most parents had a moderate level of oral health maintenance behavior, and most children’s permanent dental caries experience was in the moderate category. Spearman’s test revealed a strong and significant positive correlation between parental behavior and children’s permanent dental caries experience (p=0.003; r=0.78), indicating that poorer parental oral health behavior is associated with higher caries levels in children. Novelty: The study concludes that there is a strong relationship between parents’ oral health maintenance behavior and permanent dental caries experience in preschool children; therefore, educational interventions targeting parents need to be strengthened to reduce the burden of caries in children
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOME BIOMARKER IN CELIAC DISEASE IN BASRAH PROVINCE
Get PDFObjective: This study investigates the diagnostic accuracy of IgG anti-deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP), IgA and IgG anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG), IgG anti-gliadin (AGA), and IgG anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA) in diagnosing celiac disease (CD), particularly in patients with IgA deficiency. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 118 participants, including 68 newly diagnosed CD patients and 50 healthy controls. Serum samples were collected and analyzed using the Sandwich-ELISA technique. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, ANOVA, logistic regression, and Spearman correlation, using SPSS v26. Results: Antibody concentrations were significantly elevated in CD patients compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Median levels of anti-gliadin IgG, EMA IgG, DGP IgG, tTG IgA, and tTG IgG in patients were 40.8 ng/ml, 345.5 pg/ml, 11.5 nml/l, 2.85 ng/ml, and 95.5 ng/ml, respectively. Significant inverse correlations were observed between gliadin-IgG and EMA (-30.2%, p = 0.012), tTG IgA (-23.8%, p = 0.0001), and tTG IgG (-39.7%, p = 0.001). EMA demonstrated direct correlations with DPG (49%, p = 0.0001), tTG IgA (36.4%, p = 0.002), and tTG IgG (34.1%, p = 0.004). Novelty: This study highlights the diagnostic utility of IgG anti-DGP as a reliable marker in IgA-deficient populations and underscores the correlations among antibody markers, providing insights into their synergistic roles in CD diagnosis
THE IMPACT OF INFLAMMATION ON DIABETES: PHYSIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
Get PDFObjective: To investigate the role of inflammation in diabetes, its impact on physiological pathways, clinical outcomes, and potential therapeutic strategies. Methods: A comprehensive review of existing literature was conducted to elucidate the mechanisms linking inflammation with diabetes and evaluate the clinical implications and emerging therapeutic approaches. Results: Inflammation significantly contributes to the onset and progression of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, chronic low-grade inflammation, driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, disrupts insulin signaling, leading to insulin resistance. Oxidative stress induced by inflammation further deteriorates beta-cell function, impairing insulin production. In type 1 diabetes, autoimmune-induced inflammation destroys pancreatic beta cells, triggering hyperglycemia. Clinically, elevated markers such as CRP are correlated with complications like cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Anti-inflammatory therapies show promise in improving glycemic control and reducing complications. Novelty: This study highlights the intricate link between inflammation and diabetes, emphasizing novel therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation to address glycemic control and mitigate disease-related complications. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for combating the global diabetes epidemic
MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSING AND TREATING NEUROLOGICAL CHANGES OBSERVED IN ALCOHOLISM
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to explore modern methods of diagnosing and treating neurological changes associated with alcoholism, with a focus on understanding the pathological mechanisms underlying alcohol dependence and its impact on the nervous system. Method: A systematic review of recent clinical studies, diagnostic criteria from DSM-5, and neuroimaging techniques was conducted to evaluate current diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches. The analysis included neuropsychological assessments, biomarker identification, and pharmacological interventions targeting alcohol-induced neurological impairments. Results: Findings indicate that advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as MRI and PET scans, along with neurocognitive testing, are effective in detecting alcohol-related neurological damage. Pharmacological treatments, including the use of naltrexone, acamprosate, and disulfiram, combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy, show significant efficacy in managing alcohol cravings and mitigating neurological deterioration. Novelty: This study highlights the integration of neuroimaging biomarkers with personalized pharmacological and behavioral interventions as a novel approach for improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes in patients with alcohol-related neurological changes
RATIONAL THERAPY OF HYPERACID GASTRITIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this study is to investigate the causes, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for gastritis with high acidity, focusing on its clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and management. Methods: This study uses clinical and instrumental methods for diagnosing gastritis with high acidity, including FEGDS with a pH meter of gastric juice, biopsy of the mucosa, and Helicobacter pylori infection testing. Various treatment approaches, such as dietary modifications, antacids, proton pump inhibitors, gastroprotectors, and antibacterial therapy, are also explored. Results: The results highlight the effectiveness of combining diet modifications, antacids, proton pump inhibitors, and gastroprotectors in managing symptoms of gastritis with high acidity. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of detecting and treating Helicobacter pylori infection to prevent further complications. Novelty: This study presents a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of gastritis with high acidity, integrating clinical findings with effective management techniques, including the role of sanatorium-resort treatment and physiotherapy during remission periods
OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY CIPROFLOXACIN IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: MECHANISMS, IMPLICATIONS, AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES
Get PDFObjective: This study investigates the oxidative stress mechanisms induced by ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant responses, and cellular damage. Method: Using biochemical assays and gene expression analysis, we quantified ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant enzyme activity and the bacterial SOS response were also examined to assess cellular defense mechanisms. Additionally, the potential protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation were evaluated. Results: Ciprofloxacin exposure significantly increased ROS production, leading to oxidative damage marked by elevated lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. Antioxidant enzyme activity was impaired, and the induction of the SOS response suggested an adaptive stress mechanism. NAC supplementation reduced ROS levels and partially restored bacterial viability, indicating a role for oxidative stress modulation in antimicrobial strategies. Novelty: This study provides novel insights into the oxidative stress-based bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin, demonstrating its impact on bacterial redox homeostasis and potential links to resistance mechanisms. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of oxidative stress modulation to enhance antibiotic efficacy and mitigate resistance development in S. aureus
HOST IMMUNE PROFILING IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE COVID-19: BIOMARKERS OF IMMUNE DYSREGULATION
Get PDFObjective: Host immune profiling in severe cases of COVID-19 is an important area of focus that seeks to explain the immune dysregulation mechanisms impacting upon health. This study examines the immune landscape of patients suffering from severe COVID-19 in detail, mapping specific biomarkers of immune dysfunction. Method: By harnessing advanced technologies, including flow cytometry and transcriptomic analysis, this study captures the dynamic changes within immune cell subsets and their related pathways. Central to this exploration is understanding the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity in the context of severe COVID-19 infections. Results: Through comprehensive analysis, the study delineates the aberrant immune responses infiltrated by SARS-CoV-2, characterized by hyper inflammation, cytokine storm phenomena, and substantial variations in immunological profiles. Detailed profiling reveals notable deviations in neutrophil counts, lymphopenia, and altered cytokine levels. These disruptions are instrumental in the cascading complexities observed during disease progression. Consequently, the research identifies potential targets for modulation and future clinical application, thus aiming to enhance recovery rates and curtail mortality linked to severe COVID-19. Novelty: The identification of unique biomarkers offers profound insights into pathogenic processes, presenting opportunities for targeted therapeutic interventions and improved prognostic evaluations. The research posits that a strategic approach toward host immune profiling can profoundly impact the management and understanding of COVID-19. The findings underscore the necessity for precision medicine tailored to inherent immune irregularities, advocating for the integration of identified biomarkers in clinical practices to mitigate severe disease outcomes. The study contributes to existing literature by advocating for a paradigm shift, where immune profiling informs the design of bespoke therapeutic strategies and paves the way for innovative research trajectories in combating pandemic-related challenges