Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
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BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS AS A SOURCE OF ANTI-PARASITIC: REVIEW ARTICLE
Get PDFObjective: Despite the considerable worldwide health and economic burden imposed by gastrointestinal parasites in humans and cattle, treatment alternatives are increasingly hindered by multidrug resistance and the detrimental effects of synthetic medications. Method: This review encapsulates the antiparasitic potential of medicinal plants and their phytochemicals, elucidates their modes of action and pharmacological relevance, and examines their position as a possible source for next-generation antiparasitic therapeutics. Results: Medicinal plants, abundant in structurally varied bioactive chemicals including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and essential oils, have historically served as significant sources of medicinal medicines. Novelty: This review encapsulates the antiparasitic potential of medicinal plants and their phytochemicals, elucidates their modes of action and pharmacological relevance, and examines their position as a possible source for next-generation antiparasitic therapeutics
PREVALENCE OF ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS (PINWORM) AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL BOYS IN SELECTED VILLAGES OF MISAN GOVERNORATE, SOUTHERN IRAQ
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) infection among male primary school pupils in selected rural villages in Misan Governorate, Iraq, and to examine age-related infection patterns as well as the health and environmental factors contributing to its transmission. Method: A total of 384 schoolchildren aged 7–13 years were surveyed between 25 February and 30 April 2025. Stool samples were collected and examined using the wet-mount normal saline technique to detect intestinal parasites, with a specific focus on E. vermicularis. Results: Parasitological analysis identified 43 infections (11.2%), including 26 cases of E. vermicularis (6.77%), 8 cases of Entamoeba histolytica (2.08%), and 9 cases of Giardia lamblia (2.34%), with no mixed infections recorded. The highest prevalence of E. vermicularis occurred among 7-year-olds (42.9%), while the lowest (3%) appeared in the 11–12 age groups. Infection rates decreased progressively with age, except for a slight increase at age 13 (9%), with differences statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Novelty: This study provides updated epidemiological evidence from understudied rural communities in Misan Governorate, emphasizing the continuing public health burden of enterobiasis and the need for targeted hygiene-focused interventions
PATHOGENICITY AND VIRULENCE FACTORS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: A MINI REVIEW
Get PDFObjective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also known as P. aeruginosa, is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria that can infect people with burn injuries, cancer, immunodeficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic brosis, and severe infections as COVID-19 that need ventilation. Additionally, P. aeruginosa is frequently employed as a model bacterium in all fields of biology. Due to the extensive use of antibiotics and the sluggish development of effective antimicrobials, new theoretical and practical platforms are needed to screen and create mechanism-tested innovative medications to treat intractable infections, especially those caused by strains that are resistant to multiple treatments. Method: This article provides a comprehensive overview and discussion of the present status of P. aeruginosa biophysical features, behaviors, virulence factors, invasive regulators, and host defense mechanisms against its infection. Results: These findings point to new directions for future investigation and aid in the creation of innovative and/or substitute therapies to combat this clinically important infection. Novelty: Along with ongoing, vigourous attempts to comprehend P. aeruginosa bacterial pathogenesis, including virulence factors (LPS, quorum sensing, two-component systems, six-type secretion systems, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), CRISPR-Cas and their control). the mechanisms of drug resistance caused by mammalian cell signaling pathways and known or unknown bacterial virulence factors
ANALYSIS OF ACQUIRED ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE GENES IN GENOMES OF IRAQI ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to investigate and analyze antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Iraq, identify the frequency and proportions of resistant genes, and determine strains resistant to multiple antibiotics, including their genetic profiles based on protein-coded gene sequences. Methods: A total of 41 A. baumannii draft genome sequences were retrieved from the PATRIC database, spanning 2004–2018, and analyzed using ResFinder 4.0 for antibiotic resistance genes. Molecular typing was conducted via the Pasture MLST scheme targeting seven housekeeping genes (e.g., cpn60, fusA). Data were processed through the Center for Genomic Epidemiology for detailed resistance profiling. Results: Fifty-two known resistance genes were identified in 41 genomes. Most strains demonstrated multidrug resistance (MDR), while one strain exhibited extensive drug resistance (XDR). These findings underscore the concerning emergence of highly resistant A. baumannii strains in Iraq. Novelty: The study validates ResFinder 4.0 as an effective in silico tool for genetic analysis of AMR genes in A. baumannii, providing a comprehensive genomic epidemiological profile of Iraqi isolates. This is among the first studies to offer such detailed insights into the genetic resistance mechanisms of A. baumannii in Iraq
IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS OF CONSERVATIVE THERAPY OF EXUDATIVE OTITIS MEDIA IN CHILDREN
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of antihistamines, antileukotrienes, and topical intranasal glucocorticosteroids in the complex therapy of exudative otitis media associated with allergic rhinitis. Methods: Patients with exudative otitis media and concurrent allergic rhinitis were treated with a combination of antihistamines, antileukotrienes, and topical intranasal glucocorticosteroids. Clinical outcomes were assessed through auditory evaluations, symptom severity scores, and quality of life measurements. Results: The therapeutic regimen demonstrated significant clinical efficacy. Patients experienced restored hearing, substantial symptom reduction, and notable improvements in overall quality of life s. Novelty: This study highlights the synergistic potential of combining antihistamines, antileukotrienes, and intranasal glucocorticosteroids, providing a comprehensive approach to managing exudative otitis media in the context of allergic rhiniti
IMMUNE SYSTEM DYSREGULATION IN ENDOMETRIOSIS: INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS, IMMUNE CELL IMBALANCES, AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to investigate the immune system dysregulation in endometriosis, focusing on cytokine imbalances, immune cell malfunctions, and epigenetic modifications to identify potential diagnostic markers and individualized therapeutic options. Method: A total of 240 female participants, including 100 endometriosis patients and 50 healthy controls, were included in the study. Data were collected through cytokine measurements (IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF), immune cell profiling (Th1/Th2 dynamics, Treg/Th17 ratios, macrophage M1/M2 patterns), and epigenetic analysis (DNA methylation and microRNA expression) in blood and endometrial tissue samples. Results: Endometriosis patients exhibited significant immune imbalance with elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF, disrupted Th17/Treg ratios, reduced NK cell activity, and an M2-dominant macrophage pattern, all contributing to chronic inflammation and tissue expansion. Novelty: The study highlights the role of epigenetic modifications and immune cell dysfunction in endometriosis, providing novel insights into its immunopathology. The findings support the development of precision medicine approaches targeting immune signaling pathways and biomarker-based therapies to improve treatment outcomes
MCP-1 AND VITAMIN D PROFILES IN ESRD ON HEMODIALYSIS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN AL-BASRAH CITY
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to examine and compare serum levels of vitamin D and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing haemodialysis versus healthy individuals, and to evaluate their diagnostic potential as biomarkers. Method: An observational cross-sectional design was employed involving 30 ESRD patients receiving regular haemodialysis and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum levels of vitamin D, MCP-1, parathyroid hormone (PTH), urea, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and blood pressure were assessed. Results: ESRD patients showed significantly elevated levels of urea, creatinine, PTH, and MCP-1, and significantly lower eGFR and vitamin D levels compared to controls (p<0.001). ROC analysis revealed high diagnostic accuracy for PTH (AUC=0.946), with moderate-to-good performance for vitamin D (AUC=0.732) and MCP-1 (AUC=0.700). Novelty: This study contributes to the limited regional data by identifying the potential of vitamin D and MCP-1 as accessible clinical biomarkers for nutritional and inflammatory assessment in ESRD patients undergoing haemodialysis, emphasizing their role in early detection strategies and patient monitoring
REVIEW ARTICLE: BENEFICIAL BACTERIA AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to show some of the commensal species in the parts of the digestive system and their role in developing the immune system and other functions and their positive effect on the health of the host. Method: Molecular investigations have shown the presence of single, if not dozens of trillions of species, nutrients, and host cells. Results: The commensal bacteria in the digestive system play an important role in modifying and developing the immune system, as they provide environmental requirements of nutrients that protect the mucosal lining of the intestine, which in turn is affected by mutual interactions with the microbes of the digestive system. Novelty: Thus, the digestive system is considered one of the most complex systems due to the continuous interaction between the enormous number of microorganisms
IMPACT OF INFECTION BY H. PYLORI ON GASTRIC PARIETAL CELL PHYSIOLOGY: REVIEW
Get PDFObjective: This review aims to highlight the strategies used by Helicobacter pylori to influence the physiology of gastric parietal cells, affecting gastric acid secretion, epithelial elasticity, and the development of various gastric diseases. Method: The study reviews existing literature on Helicobacter pylori infection and its impact on gastric parietal cells, including mechanisms of colonization, inflammatory response, and physiological effects on the stomach and duodenum. Results: Helicobacter pylori infection can significantly affect parietal cells, which are essential for gastric acid production. Upon Helicobacter pylori infection, inflammatory cells replace normal glandular cells, leading to hypo- or hyperchloremia, based on the colonization site in the stomach. Chronic colonization of the gastric lumen promotes hyperacidity and duodenal ulcers, while hypoacidity resulting from long-term Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric corpuscle and fundus increases the risk of gastric cancer and may damage these cells, gastric atrophy, and other complications. Novelty: In summary, Helicobacter pylori infection has a complex and multifaceted effect on the physiology of gastric parietal cells, affecting acid secretion, epithelial cell elasticity, and the development of various gastric diseases
LITERATURE REVIEW: PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT IN THE CASE OF PLANTAR FASCIITIS
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to review and summarize secondary data related to the management of plantar fasciitis injuries through a physiotherapy approach. Method: This study uses a literature review method, by collecting and analyzing scientific journals relevant to the topic of plantar fasciitis. Data sources were obtained from several academic databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Results: From the review of several journals, it is known that patients with plantar fasciitis injuries can be given several physiotherapy interventions in the form of modalities and physical exercise tailored to the clinical symptoms experienced. Novelty: Based on the literature review, physiotherapy interventions such as Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT), ultrasound therapy, stretching exercises, and Active Release Technique (ART) are proven effective in reducing pain and improving the range of motion (ROM) in people with plantar fasciitis