Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
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FEATURES OF THE COURSE AND TREATMENT OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN CHILDREN
Full text linkObjective: Glomerulonephritis in children represents a significant medical condition characterized by acute or chronic inflammation of the renal glomeruli, stemming from an infectious-allergic etiology. Understanding its clinical manifestations and establishing precise diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are vital for effective management. Methods: Diagnosis of glomerulonephritis in children involves a combination of medical history analysis, evaluation of clinical symptoms, laboratory testing, ultrasound imaging, and kidney puncture biopsy. Treatment in the acute phase integrates bed rest, a regulated diet, and pharmacological interventions, including antibiotics, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, diuretics, hypotensive agents, and immunosuppressive drugs. Results: The acute form is identified by a triad of symptoms: urinary syndrome (oliguria, anuria, hematuria, proteinuria), edema, and hypertension. Chronic forms may exhibit the predominance of one syndrome or present a latent course. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment improve the prognosis, reduce complications, and support recovery. Novelty: This study highlights the critical role of a multifaceted diagnostic approach combining clinical, laboratory, and imaging techniques. Additionally, it underscores the comprehensive pharmacological management strategies tailored to the acute and chronic manifestations of glomerulonephritis in children
ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH DIFFUSE TOXIC GOITER AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF DRUG THERAPY AND SURGICAL TREATMENT
Full text linkObjective: This study aims to evaluate the quality of life in patients with diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) undergoing drug therapy and surgical treatment. It also seeks to identify key predictors of complications associated with DTG. Methods: The study involved patients diagnosed with DTG, assessing the prevalence of subclinical and manifest thyrotoxicosis. The analysis focused on the impact of disease duration on complications such as thyrotoxic heart disease, endocrine ophthalmopathy, and toxic hepatitis. Additionally, the quality of life was compared between patients receiving thyroidectomy and those undergoing drug therapy with thyreostatics. Results: Findings indicate that DTG is more prevalent in women than men. Among the patients, subclinical thyrotoxicosis accounted for 66.7%, while manifest thyrotoxicosis was 33.3%. Disease duration was a critical factor in the progression of complications. Patients who underwent timely thyroidectomy exhibited better quality of life outcomes. Physical functioning improved by 23%, while emotional functioning, mental health, and social functioning increased by 40.7%, 22.5%, and 30.7%, respectively, compared to those receiving drug therapy. Novelty: This study highlights the significant role of thyroidectomy in improving the quality of life for DTG patients compared to drug therapy. It also emphasizes the predictive value of disease duration in the development of DTG-related complications, contributing to better clinical decision-making
MODERN SOLUTIONS FOR THE USE OF ANTICOAGULANTS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND ARRHYTHMIAS
Full text linkObjective: This study aims to explore the causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), focusing on the role of coronary artery obstruction in its development and the available therapeutic options. Methods: Diagnosis of AMI is based on electrocardiography (ECG) and biomarker analysis. Treatment protocols include the administration of antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, nitrates, beta-blockers, statins, and various reperfusion therapies. The study also examines the use of fibrinolytic drugs, percutaneous interventions, and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in different types of AMI. Results: Acute myocardial infarction presents with symptoms such as shortness of breath, nausea, chest discomfort, and sweating. Diagnosis is confirmed through ECG readings and biomarker testing. Effective treatment varies based on the severity and type of AMI, with reperfusion therapy being critical for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), while non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) may require percutaneous intervention or CABG. Novelty: This study contributes to understanding the nuanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to AMI, particularly in differentiating treatment strategies for STEMI and NSTEMI, highlighting the importance of timely and appropriate interventions for improving patient outcomes
ASSESSMENT THE POST OPERATIVE COMPLICATION AMONG PATIENTS WITH GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Full text linkObjective: Each year, increasing numbers of people are undergoing surgery. Many of these patients are older and have multiple comorbidities. General anesthesia is very common anesthetic procedure which is used in several surgical approaches. Without general anesthesia many of these surgeries are lifesaving or life-changing and would not be possible. But all medical procedures are associated with some complications, even when they are performed by experts. The severity and rate of these complications depend on patient's state of health. Method: A Descriptive quantitative design study has been used in the present study to estimate the Post operative complication among patient undergo the general anesthesia at Al-Sadder Medical City and Al-Hakeem hospital during the October,15th, 2023 to March,28th ,2024. Results: According to the current study sample researcher found the most common complication in the respiratory system was difficult breathing (50%). Regarding Gastrointestinal complications recent study showed that the highest percentage were nausea (71.0%), constipation (68.33%) and vomiting (58%). The highest percentages of complication in the cardiovascular system was hypotension (41.7%). There is low percent in urinary incontinence and dysuria with (20%) and (16.67%). Regarding to the general complications the result show that headache is the most common with (82%) from all sample. Novelty: Most of precent study sample were diabetic patient (66.7%), those with previous surgery (66.7%), those with only one previous surgery (25%), the most complication after general anesthesia were Headache, Nausea, Chills, Constipation Motor deficit. And there is no correlation between patient who had previous surgery and who had not
THE EFFECT OF MICROBES ISOLATED FROM THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF PREGNANT WOMEN ON FETUSES
Full text linkObjective: This study explores the role of microorganisms isolated from the female reproductive tract during pregnancy and their potential impact on fetal development and pregnancy complications. Method: A descriptive, literature-based approach was employed to analyze microbial populations across various anatomical sites—vaginal, cervical, endometrial, tubal, and ovarian—focusing on their interactions with the maternal immune system and reproductive outcomes. Results: The findings reveal that microbial imbalance, particularly the reduction of Lactobacillus species, disrupts immune regulation and compromises epithelial integrity, leading to adverse outcomes such as premature labor, miscarriage, infections, and congenital abnormalities. Pathogens including Candida, Trichomonas, Cytomegalovirus, and Group B Streptococcus were identified as major contributors to these complications. Novelty: Unlike prior studies that often examine isolated reproductive sites, this research integrates microbiome data from both upper and lower reproductive tracts, offering a comprehensive view of organ-specific dysbiosis and its influence on maternal-fetal health. These insights suggest new directions for preventive strategies, targeted therapies, and the development of biomarkers aimed at restoring microbial equilibrium to safeguard pregnancy outcomes
EXPLORING IRAQI NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE TOWARD INFECTION CONTROL IN BURNING CENTER
Full text linkObjective: The study aimed to assess knowledge level among nurses regarding infection control in burn units and to find out the relationship between nurses’ knowledge and their sociodemographic data. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1st, 2023, until April 1st, 2024, involving a non-probability purposeful sample of 70 nurses working at the Burns Center in Najaf and Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital. Result: The findings indicated that the majority of nurses demonstrated a good knowledge level regarding infection control, with nurses’ educational level and the availability of protocols showing a statistically significant relationship with their knowledge. Novelty: This study highlights the critical role of nurses’ educational background and institutional support in shaping infection control practices in burn units, emphasizing the need for continuing education, larger-scale research across wider regions, and the use of mass media by the Ministry of Health to strengthen infection control knowledge among nursing staff
PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS AMONG THE POPULATION OF KHOREZM REGION
Full text linkObjective: Salivary diseases of the gland develop a heterogeneous pathological range of inflammatory, benign, and malignant diseases and require accurate diagnostic assessment and informed management, with this work aimed to assess reliable FNAC as well as identify the pitfalls, and determine how the informed use of morphological, molecular, and statistical analysis would benefit in characterizing salivary gland lesions on a specific population. Method: Advances in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular profiling have refined classification, especially in the revised World Health Organization (WHO) system that has introduced genetic characterization, and through the synergistic representation of FNAC, histopathology, IHC, and microstructural analyses with powerful patterns of statistics, the study applies a multi-faceted method that deals with the reliability of diagnosis and the characterization of lesions in the population-based scenario. Result: The outcome was that FNAC had very high sensitivity and specificity rates in the majority of lesions with certain pitfalls being cystic portions of tumors, but the molecular profiling increased classification and prognostic performance, which enhanced morphological and cytological data. Novelty: These results contribute to the importance of FNAC combined with molecular and histopathological analysis to reduce potential diagnostic errors, improve clinical description of the WHO-based disease categories, and outline specific management procedures, paving the way to future population-oriented studies of the molecular phenotypes of oral pathology
RESPIRATORY ADENOVIRUS INFECTIONS IN IRAQ (2020–2025): EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR OVERVIEW
Full text linkObjective: This study provides an updated assessment of respiratory adenovirus infections in Iraq from 2020 to 2025 by examining national trends in incidence, demographic distribution, and circulating viral strains. Method: Data were collected from multiple medical centers and health institutions across Iraq, and patient samples were analyzed using molecular diagnostic techniques, including PCR-based detection and genotyping, to identify prevalent adenovirus types. Epidemiological indicators were evaluated to determine infection patterns among different age groups. Results: The findings reveal a gradual increase in reported respiratory adenovirus cases over the study period, with the highest incidence occurring among young children and older adults. Molecular analysis identified human adenovirus types 3, 7, and 14 as the most frequently detected variants, reflecting their continued circulation and clinical relevance. Novelty: This research provides one of the most recent national overviews of adenovirus activity in Iraq, integrating multicenter epidemiological data with molecular characterization to highlight emerging trends and strain distribution, underscoring the need for strengthened surveillance and expanded diagnostic capacity
OPTIMIZING THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SENSORINEURAL PAIN
Full text linkObjective: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of treating patients with acute neurosensory hearing loss across different age groups. The research emphasizes the restoration of hearing as a complex, multi-level process, focusing on the highest level responsible for ensuring proper sensory-motor correction of functional activities. Methods: Hearing restoration was examined using advanced methods, including posturography, which provided insights into sensory-motor adjustments. The study involved patients from varied age demographics, ensuring a comprehensive analysis of age-related differences in treatment responses. Results: The findings demonstrate significant improvements in hearing restoration across all age groups. Posturography proved instrumental in facilitating sensory-motor corrections, highlighting its efficacy as part of a structured rehabilitation process. Age-specific variations in recovery patterns were also observed, providing valuable data for tailoring treatment protocols. Novelty: This research introduces a novel approach by integrating posturography into the treatment framework for acute neurosensory hearing loss. The study underscores the importance of addressing sensory-motor functions as a critical element of hearing restoration, particularly in a multi-level rehabilitation context
CLINICAL-NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CHILDREN WITH CONSEQUENCES OF HYPOXIC
Full text linkObjective: The problem of perinatal brain injury of hypoxic-ischemic genesis remains a critical issue, with a focus on its high mortality rates, significant disability, and impact on neuropsychic and somatic development in children. These injuries lead to difficulties in social adaptation, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods: The study aims to explore current therapeutic measures applied to children with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system (CNS), evaluating their effectiveness in addressing these challenges. Various medical and social factors are examined to understand the limitations in the treatment of such conditions. Results: It is found that the existing therapeutic interventions for children suffering from perinatal hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage are not always sufficiently effective. The analysis highlights the need for better approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and overall care to improve the quality of life and development for affected children. Novelty: This study contributes new insights into the current state of perinatal brain injury treatment and diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of developing more effective therapeutic strategies to combat the long-term effects of hypoxic-ischemic damage in children. The findings suggest areas for further research to address these challenges comprehensively