Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
Not a member yet
406 research outputs found
Sort by
THE ROLE OF RUSTS IN CORROSION AND CORROSION PROTECTION OF IRON AND STEEL
Get PDFThe processes of atmospheric corrosion of iron and steel and the properties of corrosion products (rusts) are modeled based on a quantitative evaluation of the chemical reactions pertaining to corrosion to elucidate the conditions with which corrosion-protective rust films form. in the initial stage of corrosion, in the rusts, the pH of the aquatic system is maintained at 9.31 owing to an equilibrium with iron (II) hydroxide and the rate of air-oxidation at this pH is very fast, and that dense, self-repairing rust films form, protecting the underlying iron and steel. However, after corrosion stops, the rust film deteriorates due to the dissolution and shrinkage by aging, and the deteriorated rust film separates the anode and cathode reaction products (Fe2+ and OH- ions) to cause crevice corrosion. The air-oxidation of iron (II) in anode channels without the presence of OH- ions results in strongly acidic solutions (pH 1.41), causing acid-corrosion. It is proposed that good catalysts (e.g. copper (II) and phos-phate ions) accelerate the air-oxidation at low pH, delaying the crevice- and acid-corrosion stages. Further, it is argued that iron compounds with negative charges due to the non- stoichiometric proportions of the lattice oxide ions and metal ions (solid oxoanions of iron) exhibit stable cation-selective permeability even with a drop in pH. Rust films including such compounds would stop the passage of aggressive anions and act to protect iron and steel
THE EFFECT OF PH ON THE RESISTANCE OF PROTEUS MIRABILIS BACTERIA TO ANTIBIOTICS
Get PDFTwenty-six bacterial isolates of Proteobacteria were isolated from patients with urinary tract infections from several hospitals in Babylon province. Urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infections, then these samples were grown on different culture media and identified by several biochemical tests. Also, their drug sensitivity was studied using nine types of antibiotics. The drug sensitivity of these samples was studied at acidic, neutral and basic pH using disk diffusion method. The study showed that ciprofloxacin and azithromycin had high activity against bacteria at both acidic and neutral pH, while amikacin, meropenem, imipenem and ciprofloxacin had high activity at basic pH against these bacteri
IONIZING RADIATION AND ITS BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Get PDFIonizing radiation is a type of energy released by certain atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. People are exposed to natural sources of ionizing radiation, including those found in soil, water, and plants, and to other man-made sources such as X-ray machines and medical devices. Ionizing radiation has many useful applications, including its uses in areas such as medicine, industry, agriculture, and research. As the use of ionizing radiation increases, so does the potential for health risks if it is not used or contained properly. Acute health effects such as skin burns or acute radiation syndrome can occur when radiation doses exceed very high levels. Exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation can increase the risk of long-term effects, such as cancer. The first chapter discussed the importance of radiation, its sources, types, and methods of protection from it. The second chapter discussed the effects of radiation, including biological effects and their impact on humans. In the third chapter, we discussed in detail how to protect against radiation. Finally, through what we discussed in the research, we reached the most important conclusions and also the most important recommendation
VITEK2 BASED DIAGNOSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION STAPHYLOCOCCI AERUS STRAIN CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECATION IN FEMAL AND MALE
Get PDFBackground, The aim of this study was to assess the clinical presentation, risk factors, and comorbidities of the patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria, and to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility data of S. aureus isolated from their urine samples. Methods, A total of 80 isolates of S. aureus were collected from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs)in hospital Refai. Urinalysis was performed manually, including macroscopic examination of color and appearance, and microscopic examination for the presence of urinary pus cells, and bacteria and culture on MaCconky agar,Blood agar. Full diagnosis and susceptibility testing of S. aureus were performed by the VITEK 2 system (BioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France) using standard criteria. Results, The majority of the patients were female (50), with a mean age of 30 years and male(30) mean ageof45 years . Most of the patients were inhospatial . Seventy positive urine cultures were associated with UTI symptoms. ButTen negative urine cultures. Conclusion, Although S. aureus UTI is known to be associated with other risk factors such as urinary catheterization, long hospital stay, or complicated UTI, our results show the community-acquired presentation of UTI. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be used as an effective treatment for UTI caused by S. aureus. S. aureus UTI could be an alarming sign of more invasive infections such as S. aureus bacteremia, though clinical evaluation and finding the source of S. aureus are crucial for effective treatment and prevention of further complication
PRODUCTION, PURIFICATION AND DETERMINATION MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF COAGULASE ENZYME FROM STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES
Get PDFBackground: Coagulase is a critical enzyme produced by pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus, which plays a significant role in the classification of staphylococci into coagulase-positive (CoP) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). This enzyme interacts with prothrombin to induce blood clotting, which is essential for understanding its pathogenic mechanisms. Knowledge Gap: Despite its importance, detailed methods for extracting, purifying, and characterizing coagulase from clinical S. aureus isolates remain underexplored, particularly in relation to optimizing purification conditions and accurately determining its molecular weight. Aims: This study aimed to extract and purify coagulase from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples and to determine the enzyme's molecular weight using SDS-PAGE. Methods: A total of 2,000 clinical samples were collected from hospitals in Baghdad, yielding 130 isolates of S. aureus. The optimum conditions for coagulase production were identified as pH 7.5 and 37°C. Coagulase was extracted and purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation (50-80% saturation), SDS-PAGE, ion exchange chromatography with DEAE cellulose, and gel filtration using Sephadex G150. Results: The crude coagulase extract exhibited an activity of 1.7 U/ml. Following purification, the enzyme's specific activity was measured, and the molecular weight of the coagulase was determined to be 36 kilodaltons (kDa). Novelty and Implications: This study provides a detailed protocol for the extraction and purification of coagulase from clinical isolates of S. aureus, along with the molecular weight determination of the enzyme. The findings enhance the understanding of coagulase's biochemical properties and its role in staphylococcal pathogenicity, potentially contributing to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies
COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION OF CYTOPENIC SYNDROME IN VIRUS ETIOLOGY LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Get PDFGeneral Background: Liver cirrhosis is a severe complication of chronic viral hepatitis, significantly impacting hematological parameters and leading to cytopenic syndromes. Specific Background: While both Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are known to cause liver cirrhosis, the comparative hematological features associated with these viral etiologies remain inadequately explored. Knowledge Gap: Current literature lacks comprehensive analysis on the differences in cytopenic manifestations in patients with liver cirrhosis of HBV versus HCV origin. Aims: This study aims to evaluate and compare the cytopenic syndromes present in patients with liver cirrhosis attributed to HBV and HCV, with a focus on blood parameters, coagulation factors, and protein fractions. Results: The analysis included 50 patients diagnosed with viral etiology liver cirrhosis. Findings revealed significant decreases in blood platelets, blood coagulation factors, and protein fractions, alongside the presence of hemorrhagic syndromes of various origins. Novelty: This study provides a comparative perspective on the hematological implications of liver cirrhosis due to HBV and HCV, highlighting specific deficiencies in blood components linked to each viral etiology. Implications: Understanding the distinct cytopenic features in liver cirrhosis patients with HBV and HCV may guide more tailored clinical management strategies and improve patient outcomes by addressing the unique hematological challenges associated with each viral infectio
FRENULECTOMY OF SHORT FRENULUMS OF THE UPPER LIP IN THE TREATMENT OF DIASTEMAS IN CHILDREN
Get PDFObjective: This study examines the relevance and necessity of addressing upper lip frenulum abnormalities in pediatric patients, given the increasing incidence due to environmental factors, dietary additives, and structural predispositions affecting periodontal health. Methods: Clinical studies and literature systematizations were reviewed to classify frenulum abnormalities and evaluate frenuloplasty techniques. Notable classifications include the morphological and attachment-based categorization by Nenashev and Kulikov and the density differentiation by Obraztsov and Larionov. Methods from Khoroshilkina, particularly the Limberg and Popovich techniques, are discussed for their effectiveness in managing frenulum-related diastemas. Results: The study highlights the efficacy of these frenuloplasty techniques, which involve either triangular flap repositioning (Limberg) or frenulum edge relocation to the transitional fold (Popovich). These methods have been demonstrated to effectively prevent and manage dentoalveolar deformities in outpatient settings. Novelty: This research underscores the need for an algorithm to guide treatment selection and optimize surgical outcomes based on individual frenulum morphology and attachment. Implications: The findings inform pediatric surgical dentistry, suggesting a structured approach to frenulum treatment to prevent progressive periodontal issues, speech impediments, and developmental irregularities in the dentofacial system. Further research should explore standardized protocols for surgical intervention selection in pediatric patients
NUTRITION AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT: A FRAMEWORK FOR THRIVING CHILDREN
Get PDFObjective: To explore the importance of integrating nutrition and responsive caregiving in promoting child development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where children face higher risks of malnutrition and developmental vulnerabilities. Methods: The study employed a targeted literature review and qualitative synthesis of key frameworks, including the Nurturing Care Framework and the Conceptual Framework for All Children Surviving and Thriving. It analyzed intervention outcomes focusing on physical, cognitive, and emotional developmental domains. Results: Findings reveal that integrated interventions combining nutrition and responsive caregiving lead to significantly better child development outcomes compared to nutrition-only programs. Children receiving integrated care showed improvements in physical growth, cognitive abilities, socioemotional well-being, and overall development. This underscores the importance of adopting holistic, multisectoral approaches that prioritize nurturing care and early learning alongside physical health. Novelty: This study highlights the critical gap in previous research, which often overlooked the role of nurturing care in cognitive and socioemotional growth. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive, context-specific strategies to scale up integrated child development interventions in LMICs, aiming to address resource constraints and enhance global child health policies
ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII STRAINS FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES AND THEIR CULTURAL PROPERTIES
Get PDFObjective: For the optimal and accurate isolation of Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria, which are considered bacteria are increasingly serious health problem in the healthcare community, especially immunosuppressed people and residents' patients' hospital, due to its high resistance to antibiotics. Methods: Accordingly, 300 clinical samples were collected from different hospitals in Mosul city from January to June 2023. They were grown on culture media such as MacConkey and Hichrome Agar for isolation purposes, the number and percentage of all isolated strains for each medium were recorded. Molecular screening was also done by recA gene and 16S rRNA to confirm the diagnosis. Morphological and physiological characteristics were observed on other different media. Results: the 130/43.3% of A. baumannii were isolated from MacConkey medium and 119/91.5% were isolated on Hichrome medium. However, the isolation rate decreased to 15/11.5% in the case of molecular diagnosis with conservative recA gene. The highest isolation rate was from wound samples at 8.3%, followed by urine and burns at the same rate of 7.5%, then throat swabs at 6.6%, followed by sputum at 1.4%, while the bacteria were not isolated from blood, CSF and medical equipment. The morphological characteristics of the bacteria varied greatly on many media such as Eosin –methylene blue EMB medium, Mueller medium, and Nutrient Agar medium in addition to the previous media. Novelty: This research proves the molecular diagnostic ability of the recA gene in A. baumannii bacteria. While highlighting the isolation of these bacteria at the same time on a selective diagnostic medium and comparing the data of these results with each other
PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY AND MODERN SOLUTIONS FOR CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
Get PDFObjective: Diabetic polyneuropathy encompasses a spectrum of symptoms signaling damage to nerve fibers and impaired functionality, primarily driven by prolonged hyperglycemia. Methods: This condition arises due to metabolic dysfunction in the body, often linked to decompensated diabetes mellitus, leading to progressive nerve cell deterioration. Results: : Patients exhibit reduced limb sensitivity, which, in severe cases, may escalate to complete sensory loss. Novelty: The study underscores the intricate relationship between sustained hyperglycemia and the gradual degeneration of nerve cells, highlighting the critical need for targeted interventions to prevent or mitigate nerve damage in diabetic patients