Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
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SOIL BIOGENICITY OF WILT-INFECTED COTTON FIELDS DURING PLOWING OF VARIOUS PLANT RESIDUES
Get PDFThe model experiment results reveal that easily mobilized organic matter introduced into the soil is absorbed much faster by bacteria than by fungi during the initial decomposition phase. This study examines the influence of composting duration of various plant residues on soil biogenicity, microbiological activity, and V. dahliae development. Findings indicate that the composition of organic matter affects the quantity and type of microorganisms in soil as well as its biological activity. Increased bacterial and fungal populations correlate with available organic resources. Addition of plant residues enhances soil microbiological activity while reducing its fungistatic potential. In conclusion, heightened activity of antagonistic bacteria and fungi through plant residue enrichment augments soil fungistatic activity, inhibiting the growth of Fusarium sp. and V. dahliae pathogens
A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING BACTERIAL PATHOGENICITY: THE ROLE OF ENZYMATIC AND HEMOLYTIC VIRULENCE FACTORS
Get PDFThis comparison study has aimed to identify the impact of enzymatic and hematogenic virulence factors on the pathogenesis of bacteria using S. aureus (ATCC BAA-976) and E. coli (strain O157) as examples. Protease and lipase activity levels were measured using enzyme tests; the hemolytic activity was measured by examining the growth of the bacteria, with non-hemolytic colonies producing a zone around them. A two-tailed t-test was used to build this statistical relationship. The results showed that S. aureus and E. coli had significantly different levels of enzyme activity. Protease and lipase activity levels were higher in S. aureus than in E. coli. It also revealed significant differences in hemolysis zone widths between the two strains, with S. aureus having a greater hemolysis zone diameter than E. coli. Hemolytic virulence factors are crucial for bacterial pathogenic action, allowing them to thrive within host tissues, gain nutrition from red blood cells, and evade the host's defense mechanism. This study can help develop targeted strategies for fighting infections and improving patient outcomes during infection transmissio
DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN D IN PATIENT WITH PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM AND AS RELATED RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Get PDFHypothyroidism is believed to be associated with dyslipidemia and is considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Vitamin D, due to its steroid hormone action, retains cell function and controls the metabolism of lipids. Therefore, the present study was carried out to show the association of the risk factors of ASCVD. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is caused by both clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism by disrupting healthy endothelial function by various mechanisms such as inflam- mation, triggering lipid disorders and oxidative stress. In the present study, a strong correlation was observed between increasing TSH and the parameters of lipid profile Hypothyroidism and hypovitaminosis D are known as inde-pendent risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Hypothyroidism and hypovitaminosis D are associated and correlated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein in Saudi patients. It is also recom- mended that vitamin D deficiency be checked in hypothyroid patients and that appropriate supplementation may be given if needed. Furthermore, for early detection and/or prediction of cardiovascular disease, screening of thyroid hormone and vitamin D levels should be undertaken at an early stage
TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF COPPER SULPHATE ON CHANNA ORIENTALIS AND HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS: LC50 VALUES AND MORTALITY ANALYSIS
Get PDFThe adverse effects of heavy metals, particularly copper sulphate, released from industrial effluents on aquatic life are well-documented. In this study, we determined the LC50 values of copper sulphate for two freshwater air-breathing fish species, Channa orientalis (Bloch) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). The LC50 values for Channa orientalis were determined to be 33 ppm at 24 hours, 32 ppm at 48 hours, 21 ppm at 72 hours, and 7.5 ppm at 96 hours. For Heteropneustes fossilis, the corresponding LC50 values were 15 ppm at 24 hours, 13 ppm at 48 hours, 9.5 ppm at 72 hours, and 5 ppm at 96 hours. We observed a significant increase in mucus secretion at higher concentrations of copper sulphate as compared to lower concentrations. The potential mechanisms of fish mortality under these conditions are also discussed in detai
EXPLORING THE NEUROENDOCRINE CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION IN VERTEBRATES: FROM GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE TO FERTILITY
Get PDFThe aims of this study are to review the neuroendocrine control of reproduction in vertebrates with specific emphasis on Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) expression, hormone secretion, gene up regulation, and reproduction behavior in different vertebrates which includes chickens and rats. There was a highly statistically significant rise in Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels in the: GnRH prompted gonadotropin release – The results from this study confirm the releasing hormone’s action in stimulating the gonadotropic hormones. These results showed that there were significant improvements in the reproductive function related genes, and the pathway analysis was conducted, which presented the activation of the GnRH signaling, MAPK signaling, and ovarian steroidogenesis etc. IHC and IF experiments corroborated those findings and revealed increased levels of LH, FSH, and GnRH receptors. As for behavioral interactions of the three species, all of them exhibited eventual copulatory behaviors following GnRH treatment. These results are in concordance with previous reports published in the literature and corroborate the fact that GnRH is evolutionarily conserved in all the classes of vertebrates and thus, it may have therapeutic applications in the management of reproductive diseases in humans. Thus, the findings obtained contribute to the creation of a stably developing foundation for further investigation of the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction and the development of approaches to address reproductive health issue
ELEVATE SOME TYPES OF ADIPOKINES IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS)
Get PDFThe current work aimed to estimate some types of Adipokines (Leptin, adiponectin and the resistin) in PCOS women. The participants belong to both PCOS women and healthy women were selected and examined in Azadi teaching hospital at September 2021 to February 2022. 80 patients with 30 controls were used in this study. The current outcomes show the concentration of Leptin in PCOS patients, where concentration of Leptin demonstrated significant (P <0.05) elevate in PCOS women compared with healthy women. Adiponectin concentration in PCOS women indicated significant (P <0.05) reduce compared with healthy women. Resistin concentration in PCOS women indicated significant (P <0.05) raise compared with healthy women. So, based on this findings, PCOS lead to significant (P <0.05) differences in concentration of some types of Adipokines
PREDICTING DROUGHT USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES
Get PDFThe research dealt with climate drought, its types, the causes that lead to drought, and how to reduce drought. Drought in the city of Mosul, northern Iraq, was also analyzed and studied by obtaining monthly rainfall data for the Mosul climate station located within the study area for the period from 1981-2018.
Previous studies and research conducted to study drought in different regions of the world were taken into consideration. Most of these studies and researches use drought indices, which are among the most widely used indices in estimating the amounts of deficit, their use, severity, and their impact on the water balance. The standard rainfall index (SPI) is one of the most widely used indices in estimating climate drought. (SPI) is characterized by many characteristics that distinguish it from other indicators. The standard rainfall index (SPI) technique was used in analyzing rain records. The analysis principle using the standard rainfall index is statistically based on the principle of converting the gamma distribution of the data series to the normal distribution. Positive SPI values mean that there is an increase in rainfall above the average rainfall, i.e. wet years, while negative values mean that there is a decrease in rainfall below the average rainfall, i.e. dry years. SPI values for a period of 12 months were adopted in the analysis because they cover the annual rainfall amount falling on the station during a year. Using the MATLAB program, several networks were created and tested, and the network with the best performance was selected from among the networks. 30 annual rainfall values were used against the SIP values calculated using equations and the Excel program to train the neural network on the data. While the rainfall data for the remaining 8 years were used to verify the results of the neural network by comparing the results of the neural network with the actual values recorded at the measuring station. This network was able to obtain the index value by simply entering the annual rainfall value. By comparing the index value with the drought classification table, the drought class can be determined without resorting to the calculation method. The network with the 1-7-1 structure (input layer, hidden layer containing seven neurons, and output layer) with the TRAINLM training function and the LEARNGDM learning function gave the best performance, as the correlation coefficient between its results and the actual results (which were not included in the training) was equal to 0.99 and the square error rate was 0.014, meaning that the results of this network can be adopted for the purpose of calculating the standard rain index with high confidence in the output
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CRANBERRY (VACCINIUM MACROCARPON) AGAINST E. COLI ISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Get PDFThe present study was carried out to investigate in-vitro antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) fruit against Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection. The present study included two experiment; the first one is isolate and identify of E. coli; the second experiment include study in-vitro antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Cranberry, consisting two steps, the first step involved collection of Cranberry fruit then they were identified and then squeezed by an electric mixer to obtain the aqueous extract. The fruit extract then dried. The second step was to study the in vitro antibacterial activity of Cranberry aqueous extract including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against E. coli used as reference antibiotics. The yielding percentage of Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) fruit extract was (30%). The in-vitro antibacterial study showed the Cranberry aqueous extract was more effective than Gentamicin against E.coli, this organism was quite resistant to Ciprofloxacin. It could be concluded however that Cranberry aqueous extract was more effective in comparison with the standard antibacterial agent, and that the antibacterial activity of Cranberry aqueous extracts against urinary tract infection may be attributed to its essential particularly the important phenolic compound (Proanthocyanidin)
PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR OF DOCTORS WITH PATIENTS: A FIELD STUDY IN THE CITY OF MEDICINE
Get PDFThrough research, we reached the following after the questionnaire forms were distributed to a sample of males and females from the community, which amounted to (50). We entered the answers and sorted them through the statistical program (spss) and obtained several results that we summarize in several points as follows:
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between age and suffering from chronic diseases such as blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease, at a rate of 24% for the age of 50 years and over
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between education and finding difficulty in reading a prescription written by the doctor, at a rate of 20% equally between the educational level of reading and writing and the educational level of middle school
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between the economic status and always resorting to government hospitals, at a rate of 44% for those with an average income
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between taking the medicine according to medical instructions and guidelines and the difficulty of reading a prescription written by hand, 54%
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between suffering from chronic diseases such as blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease and directing the doctor to do tests before starting the diagnosis, at a rate of 34%
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between always resorting to a government hospital and having previously been exposed to a medical error, at a rate of 64%
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between feeling that doctors' fees in clinics are high and commitment to periodic examinations, at a rate of 24%
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between preferring a doctor with a doctorate over a doctor with a bachelor's degree and commitment to periodic examinations, at a rate of 18%
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between preferring an older doctor over a younger doctor and suffering from chronic diseases such as blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease, at a rate of 38%
The study proved that there is no relationship between gender, whether male or female, and preferring a doctor with a doctorate over a doctor with a bachelor's degree, at a rate of 24%
The study proved that there is no relationship between gender and reading and reviewing the past case before going to the doctor, at a rate of 28
THE ASSOCIATION OF SERUM VITAMIN D AND SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE LEVEL IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed at investigating the association of serum vitamin D and superoxide dismutase level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as well as non-PCOS healthy ovulatory women. Methods: A total of 20 patients with polycystic ovaries and 20 of their age matched healthy control participates was included in this study. The patient samples were collected from women who reproductive age between 18 and 40 with PCOS. Results: The results of the current study showed a high level of SOD enzyme concentration versus decrease in the level of vitamin D in the PCOS patients compared to the healthy group. Conclusion: There is an opposite effect of superoxide dismutase level and vitamin D on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)