Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
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REVIEW ABOUT DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
Get PDFThe main function of the kidney is to filter the blood, purify it, and then return it to the body. This is done by taking the blood into the kidney through the renal arteries. About one liter of blood is pumped to the kidney, and 1/5 of what the blood pumps is returned. After filtering, the blood returns back to the body through the renal veins diabetes, damage Figure 4: A scan showing the basic structure and function of the kidney: The kidney is associated with to the capillaries, and changes in the afferent and afferent arteries, which interfere with the blood pressure furnace of the capillary and renal blood vessels of many tissues, including the infiltration of the umbilical cord. This can be caused by kidney weakness or kidney failure, and if the kidneys do not function properly for a long period of, When the t and kidney capacity time, this may be the result of diarrhea, diabetes, or high blood pressure. Sometimes this is due to genetic factors, hormones in the body, which help in regulating blood pressure. And the regulates the consumption of calcium in the intestines, and maintains the amount production of red blood cells, in addition to romaine, which of water in the body, which is responsible for the body’s general functions, including blood sugar and controlling the amount of water and salt in the blood and some chemicals (F Walter, 2004). Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes is known to be a disruption in the process of sugar metabolism, leading to high blood sugar levels (glycolysis)
EVALUATING ADHERENCE TO LIFESTYLE AMONG BREASTFEEDING WOMEN IN BABIL PROVINCE, IRAQ
Get PDFBackground: Lactating mothers are more likely to have nutritional deficiencies and changes in lifestyle during breastfeeding because of altered eating habits, physiological changes, and a variety of sociodemographic variables. Objective: The study aims to assess the impact of lifestyle factors on lactating women and to determine the relationship between socio-demographic variables and the overall lifestyle score. Materials and methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 348 mothers selected randomly to evaluate the impact of lifestyle factors on lactating mothers and their infants lower six months during 2023 in primary health care centers in Babylon governorate. The study period was conducted from August 1st to December 1st, 2023. Results: The results of this research indicate that 86% (n=301) of participants had poor lifestyle scores. 14% (n=47) of them have a good lifestyle score, which is the lowest number. Also, these results reveal that urban residents had much higher lifestyle scores than rural. Higher education levels correlated with higher lifestyle scores. Read-and-white students had the fewest high scores compared to high educational level (P. value <0.05). Conclusion: The study indicated that the majority of breastfeeding mothers have poor levels of adherence to a healthy lifestyle. Targeted educational initiatives should educate and assist nursing moms, especially those with lesser education, on the significance of a healthy lifestyle during lactation
STRATEGY FOR THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Get PDFThe industrialization of livestock products, including dairy farming, is one of the important issues in the context of population growth and global climate change. Also, a number of problems, such as meeting the population's demand for quality food and ensuring food safety, require the application of scientific achievements to the sector and increase investment attractiveness. Milk production in our republic poses a difficult question of introducing industrial technologies to animal husbandry while fully meeting the demands of the domestic market. If we take into account that 85% of the milk produced in our republic is produced by farmers' farms, we can understand that the intensification of the dairy sector is significantly complicated. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the cost of products and rational use of resources by improving the activity of livestock farmers
ISOLATE AND DIAGNOSE CANDIDA ALBICANS FROM WOMEN WITH VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AND ESTIMATE THE LEVELS OF SOME CYTOKINES
Get PDFCandida albicans is the opportunistic mucosal infection that causes vulvovaginal candidiasis, which affects a lot of otherwise healthy women who are of childbearing age. So, the current study aimed to isolate and diagnose C. albicans from women with Vulvovaginal candidiasis and estimate the levels of some cytokines. Vaginal and blood samples were collected from women attending Salah al-Din Teaching Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Consultation Clinic, and two groups of women were selected. The first group includes 200 women suffering from infections and their ages range from 18-59 years, and a second group of healthy women (40 women) whose ages range from 17-50 years for the period from November 2023 to May 2024. 200 samples were directly inspected under a microscope; of these, 58(29.0%) were found to be positive and 142(71.0%) to be negative. On the other hand, the Human C. albicans ELISA Kit was used for the purpose of detecting positive cases and their percentage. The results found that out of 200 women suffering from vaginitis, it was found that 27.5% were positive on the test, while the negative percentage of the test was 72.5%. for cytokines, IL-10 levels in serum of patients (37.15± 5.04) demonstrated significant (P <0.05) increase in compared with healthy subjects (14.94± 1.78). the levels of IFN-γ demonstrated significant (P <0.05) increase in patients (158.74 ± 12.55) compared with healthy subjects (39.13 ± 4.25). It is concluded that using the ELISA method is the best compared to traditional methods for diagnosing C. albicans, and vulvovaginal candidiasis led to an increase in the secretion of both IL-10 and IFN-γ for the purpose of raising the immune respons
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN BLOOD DONORS
Get PDFObjective: This study investigates the effects of blood donation on carbohydrate metabolism and examines dietary strategies to support donor health. Blood donation is vital for healthcare but can temporarily disrupt glucose levels, potentially causing symptoms like fatigue and dizziness, particularly in donors susceptible to blood sugar fluctuations. Method: The research integrates a review of WHO guidelines, an analysis of recent studies on carbohydrate metabolism in blood donors, and the development of specific nutritional recommendations to support recovery. The WHO guidelines offer foundational insights into safe donation practices, while scientific research provides data on glucose regulation and recovery needs. Results: Findings reveal that complex carbohydrates before donation stabilize glucose levels, while fast-absorbing carbohydrates after donation rapidly restore energy, reducing symptoms associated with blood sugar dips. Regular donation may also benefit individuals with high carbohydrate intake by regulating glucose levels and reducing disease risks. Novelty: This study uniquely combines WHO recommendations with recent scientific insights to provide a practical, evidence-based dietary framework specifically tailored for blood donors, addressing both donor safety and physiological recovery. This approach emphasizes the importance of carbohydrate type and timing, offering a nuanced perspective for dietary management in donation contexts, and underscores the need for future research on personalized nutrition strategies for optimal donor health
EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF ESTROGEN GENE EXPRESSION IN OVARY CANCER IN HUMAN
Get PDFObjective: This study examines how epigenetic mechanisms control the expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) gene in ovarian cancer, concentrating on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in Iraqi population samples. Method: Bisulfite sequencing was used to measure the DNA methylation levels of the ER gene in tissue samples from ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) tests were used to examine histone alterations. Using RNA sequencing, important non-coding RNAs affecting ER pathways were found. The epigenetic variations between malignant and healthy tissues were assessed using comparative analysis. Results: The results showed that the ER gene was significantly more methylated in cancer tissues (67%) than in healthy samples (21%), which resulted in decreased cellular estrogen responses and increased proliferation. Oncogenes were activated by elevated histone H3K9 acetylation levels (1.7 AU vs. 0.8 AU), but tumor suppressor genes were inhibited by elevated H3K27 methylation (2.1 AU). These modifications draw attention to important epigenetic modifications that aid in the development of ovarian cancer. Novelty: By identifying region-specific epigenetic markers in ovarian cancer, this work highlights the significance of population-targeted research in enhancing cancer outcomes and provides insights into tailored therapy approaches
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF MARKETING ORGANIZATION AND LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT IN AGRIBUSINESS
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to explore the impact of marketing and logistics systems on the efficiency of agricultural product production, storage, and sales, focusing on the challenges faced by agricultural producers in Uzbekistan. Methods: The research employs a systematic analysis of the agricultural supply chain, evaluating the role of marketing and logistics in managing the flow of goods, determining production volumes, and assessing market capacities. Data is gathered through literature review, case studies, and qualitative analysis of existing agricultural practices. Results: The findings highlight significant inefficiencies in the current agricultural logistics system, where the lack of proper marketing strategies and logistics infrastructure leads to high production and transportation costs, imbalances in consumer markets, and low competitiveness. The study identifies key areas where improvements in the marketing-logistics framework can reduce costs by 10-15%, enhance production planning, and better align supply with consumer demand. Novelty: This research introduces a comprehensive approach to integrating marketing and logistics systems in agricultural production, emphasizing the importance of strategic coordination between resource suppliers, producers, and market demands. It provides insights into developing a more efficient, market-responsive agricultural sector in Uzbekista
NERVOUS SYSTEM DAMAGE IN HIV INFECTION AND AIDS
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to explore the neurological complications of HIV infection, specifically the impact of HIV on the nervous system, including the role of the glycoprotein gp120 in neuronal damage. Methods: A review of HIV-related neurological impairments, focusing on the mechanisms of viral infection and the consequences on glial and neuronal cells, was conducted. The study examines the direct and indirect damage caused by the virus and associated factors such as opportunistic infections, tumors, and the effects of antiretroviral drugs. Results: : The study finds that HIV infection affects approximately one in every hundred cells in brain tissue, significantly impacting glial cells, neurons, and other cells possessing the CD4 receptor. HIV damages these cells through direct infection and by the destructive effects of the gp120 glycoprotein, which leads to membrane lysis and neurotoxic consequences such as an increased Ca2+ ion load in astrocytes. Novelty: This research highlights the critical role of gp120 in the pathogenesis of HIV-induced neuronal damage, specifically its interference with neuroleukin and the glutamate retention mechanisms in astrocytes, which are key to understanding HIV-related neurological disorders
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEM OF CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term effects of ethanol intoxication on various body organs and systems, particularly focusing on the progression from minimal vascular damage to multi-organ pathology, as well as the development of specific clinical and psychopathological symptoms associated with alcoholism. Methods: This research employs a comprehensive review and analysis of existing studies on alcohol disease, examining its impact on microcirculation, organ morphology, and functional alterations caused by repeated ethanol exposure. Additionally, clinical data on the psychopathological symptoms exhibited by individuals with alcohol-related diseases are analyzed. Results: The findings highlight that chronic ethanol intoxication leads to significant morphological and functional changes in body organs, particularly affecting the vascular system and microcirculation. Over time, these alterations progress into multi-organ pathology, with clinical manifestations that include various psychopathological symptoms. Novelty: This study provides new insights into the specific mechanisms by which long-term ethanol exposure induces multi-organ pathology and psychopathological disorders. It emphasizes the gradual progression of alcohol disease, contributing to a deeper understanding of its pathophysiology and potential clinical interventions
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS OBSERVED IN ALCOHOLISM
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to explore the neurological characteristics in patients with alcohol dependence, emphasizing the impact of alcohol abuse on their social adaptation. Methods: A comprehensive analysis was conducted, focusing on patients with alcohol dependence, including detailed neurological assessments and behavioral observations. Data collection involved patient histories, clinical examinations, and standardized tests for neurological dysfunction. Results: The findings highlight a significant relationship between alcohol abuse and neurological impairments, including cognitive deficits, motor dysfunction, and mental health disturbances. These impairments are linked to the disruption of social functioning, contributing to challenges in social adaptation for these individuals. Novelty: This research presents a unique perspective on the neurological manifestations of alcohol dependence, focusing on the combined effect of ethanol's pharmacological activity and its influence on the nervous system. The study also sheds light on the broader societal implications, particularly regarding social adaptation challenges faced by patients