Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
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The Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections Among School-age Children
Get PDFUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common and serious bacterial infection in children. The current study aims at identifying the most prevalent symptoms and pathogenic bacteria linked to urinary tract infections in school-aged children in Al-Muthanna Province. Between October 2023 and April 2024, a urine samples were collected from 685 (417 female and 268 male) students across three age groups: 129 (19%) (6-12 years), 240 (35%) (>12-14 years), and 316 (46%) (>14-18 years) with symptoms of urinary tract infection. Female students (345) were significantly more affected by bacterial infections compared to male students (182), χ² (df=1, N=685) = 20.2, p < .001. In cases of UTI symptom onset, the likelihood of bacterial UTIs is 1.9 times higher for children aged >12-14 and 3.2 times higher for those aged >14-18 compared to children aged 6-12. The prevalence of symptomatic UTIs among schoolchildren increases with age, from 62% to 83.9% across different age groups. Among female students aged 6-18 with UTI symptoms, 82.7% had a bacterial UTI, compared to 67.9% of male students. Over 5% of schoolchildren without bacterial UTI exhibit moderate to marked pyuria. Hematuria percentages were comparable between individuals with and without bacterial UTIs. The average pH tended to be acidic for both groups, with infected individuals having a pH less than six and uninfected individuals having a pH less than seven. Escherichia coli was the predominant infectious followed by Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at rates of 74%, 41%, 33%, 36%, 29% and 19%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis occurred at a frequency of 12% and 8%, respectively, while Streptococcus agalactiae occurred at a frequency of 3%
BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT - BIOINSECTICIDE
Get PDFIn this article Bacillus thuringiensis var.thuringiensis on the bacterial strain thuringiensis Uzviti М №1, data are presented on the research work on the study of the insecticidal properties being carried out at the same time on the experimental series of the biological drug bioinsecticid, which was first prepared in a laboratory settin
Gross and Histopathological Study of Postscabietic Nodules
Get PDFBackground: Nodular postscabietic scabies refer to the persistent intermittent signs of scabies that are seen in active and post-treatment period that might last for months. The spectrum of clinico-morphological ranges that can be observed with sarcoptic nodules is broad, and most of the entity's criteria can be elicited histopathologically and pathologically. The management of such nodules may be a challenge. They are commonly treated through local application of corticosteroids or injection of corticosteroids to nodules but the response to treatment is less than clent and relapses are very frequent. The objective of this study was to illuminate which of these features prevail and which ones fade in scarred sites which undergo postscabietic nodule development. The time span between August 2021 to May 2022 was allowed to collect samples from patients with (1-60) years old and full of scabies burrows who visit teaching hospitals and private dermatology clinics in Kut, Wasit Province, Iraq. Treat groups were split into 30 females, and 20 males; with persistent itchy nodular lesions of scabies demonstrated clinically and histopathologically. Everity grade scabies was evaluated by the number of lesions and rated it as severity of itching. Long-term treatment with topical glucocorticoids for 14 days in every age. Tissue from the blisters of patient was obtained after medication. The specimens were washed, fixed and cut to 4-5 µm and stained with H&E. The staining allowed us to observe the fragments of tissues under light microscope with different magnification power. We have observed excessive males and the prevalence of SCABies were more in a young adult group in comparison with other age groups. It was found that lesions with wiry projections tended to persist for two weeks to 52 weeks and the number of nodules had varied from one to fourteen lesions. Examination of Histopathological slide showing acanthosis in 80, histolymphocytic infiltration in 76, and eosinophilia in 100 of total cases in the whole period. After the scabitic nodule loop, the body experiences a hypersensitivity reaction. From the three hundred cases examined microscopically, most (80%) of them were found to be characterized by acanthotic epidermis and diffuse dense dermal lymphocytic infiltration. Neutrophilic reaction, epithelioid-granulomatous inflammation and eosinophilia have been diagnosed in 76 % sight upon while 100 % of other nodules have shown eosinophilia
Gene Expression of Carbapenemase-Encoding Genes in Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Sources
Get PDFThe emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus strains, particularly those expressing carbapenemase genes, poses a significant challenge in clinical settings. This study investigates the prevalence and expression profiles of carbapenemase genes (blaVIM, blaOXA-143, blaGES, blaOXA-23, and blaOXA-24) in S. aureus isolates from burn and wound patients in Tehran hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted using 100 S. aureus samples, which underwent biochemical testing for identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR, and the results were analyzed with GRAPH PAD PRISM software. The study highlights the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus and contributes to the development of effective treatment strategies against MDR infections
INFECTIOUS ENTEROTOXEMIA DISEASE OF SHEEP DIAGNOSTICS AND PREVENTION
Get PDFThe article describes the diagnosis of infectious enterotoxemia of sheep, the epizootic state of the disease, the course and manifestation of clinical symptoms, and the identification of characteristic pathological changes. Isolation of the causative agent and diagnosis based on laboratory studies with bioassay results in susceptible laboratory animals. Information on the prevention of infectious enterotoxemia of sheep is provide
PROTECTING GROUPS FOR ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Get PDFA protecting group (English protecting group - therefore often referred to as common abbreviation in formula schemes PG) is in chemistry a substituent which, during a more complicated, multi-step chemical synthesis in a molecule is introduced to a specific functional group to protect temporarily and so an undesirable reaction to prevent this group. After the desired reaction has been carried out elsewhere on the molecule, the protective group is split off again. For many functional groups several possible protective groups are known which differ in their stability and the conditions for their cleavage. In the synthesis of special classes of compounds with repeating functional groups - usually biomolecules such as peptides, oligosaccharides or nucleotides - standard sets of protective groups have become established. Protecting groups have become an important tool in the synthesis of complex compounds today. The requirements for a protection group are quite high. This includes that it can be introduced specifically to a functional group with very good vield and that it must also be able to be split off yield and that it must also be able to be split off again under mild conditions. It should be possible to standardize the reaction conditions for both steps. In addition, the protective group must be stable under as many reaction conditions as possible. If possible, the resulting reaction products should be easily separable, and optimally the protective group reagent is also inexpensive. The broader the experience with a protective group, the better the predictability of the reactivity of the protective group
NOVEL CHEMICAL METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF TRIPTANS IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS
Get PDFTriptans referred as 5-HT1-receptor agonists are groups of medicines, that are utilized to treat migraine and certain other headaches. İn this study, zolmitriptan and Sumatriptan as a selective serotonin receptor agonist for the 1B and 1D subtypes have been studied. This study was conducted to investigate the qualitative determination of triptan drugs (sumatriptan and zolmitriptan) from their pharmaceutical preparation by using oxidation coupling reaction. We studied the interaction of drugs by using five different type of coupling reactions in the presence of potassium permanganate as an oxidizing agent. The final product was analysed under Uv-VIs spectrophotometer, and it was found that, the resultant product of zol-shc, zol-azo, zol-oxi, zol-chro and zol-blrch give maximum absorbance at 510 nm, 540 nm, 490 nm, 520 nm, 505 nm of wavelength repectively, compare to zolmitriptan at 240 nm. Similar results were observed for suma-shc, suma-azo, suma-oxi, suma-chro and suma-blrch 525 nm, 540nm, 515 nm, 530nm, 520 nm and 480 nm of wavelength respectively compared to pure sumatriptan of 280 nm. These methods provides an effective and less expensive method for measurement of the triptans specially for developing countrie
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TYPES OF HYDROPONICS AND REGULAR CULTIVATION IN THE SOIL AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE GROWTH OF THE LETTUCE CROP
Get PDFThis study aimed compare the morphological properties of lettuce growth in different model of cultivation (soil, cork and water pipes). Samples of lettuce plants were cultivated in three models of cultivation. The first model was regular cultivation in soil, the second model was agriculture using water pipes and the third model was hydroponic using cork. After two months, the properties of each sample, including total length of plant, length of stem to end of leaf, length of root, length of leaves and number of roots. According to the result in this study, length of total plant, root, leaves and stem to end as well as number of leaves and roots were significantly greater in water pipes than in hydroponic with cork and soil, respectively.
A STUDY OF SEASONAL INFLUENZA AND HEALTH GIRLS, AWARENESS ABOUT ITS VACCINE IN AL-RIFAI DISTRICT
Get PDFThe influenza virus (IV) is still of great importance as it poses an imminent threat to humans and animals. Among the three IV-types (A, B, and C) influenza A viruses are clinically the most important being responsible for severe epidemics in humans and domestic animals. Aerosol droplets transmit the virus that causes a respiratory disease in humans that can lead to severe pneumonia and ultimately death. The high mutation rate combined with the high replication rate allows the virus to rapidly adapt to changes in the environment. Thereby, IV escape the existing immunity and become resistant to drugs targeting the virus. This causes annual epidemics and demands for new compositions of the yearly vaccines. Furthermore, due to the nature of their segmented genome, IV can recombine segments. This can eventually lead to the generation of a virus with the ability to replicate in humans and with novel antigenic properties that can be the cause of a pandemic outbreak. For its propagation the virus binds to the target cells and enters the cell to replicate its genome. Newly produced viral proteins and genomes are packaged at the cell membrane where progeny virions are released. As all viruses IV depends on cellular functions and factors for their own propagation, and therefore intensively interact with the cells. This dependency opens new possibilities for anti-viral strategie
ESCHERICHIA COLI BACTERIA AND THEIR RESISTANCE PATTERN TO ANTIBIOTICS IN THE MATERNITY AND CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL/BABYLON
Get PDFThis study focused on collecting urine samples from the midstream of urinary tract from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). It was clear that E. coli isolates dominated the rest of the isolates due to their importance in causing urinary tract infection in women and men. To achieve this goal, 100 midstream urine samples were collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infection in Maternity and Children's Hospital/Babylon from men and women for the period from 11/11/2018 to 1/11/2019. These samples were cultured on eosin medium and solid MacConkey medium to confirm the diagnosis. The disk diffusion method was used to test the sensitivity of the isolates of this bacterium to a number of antibiotics (18 antibiotics) used as treatments. The most important results are summarized as follows: 1. Isolation and diagnosis of 72 isolates carrying the characteristics of E. coli bacteria, with infection predominance in women (60 cases) more than men (19 cases). All E. coli isolates are resistant to antibiotics that affect the cell wal