Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
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IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES
Get PDFBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic, instigated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has precipitated unprecedented global health and economic challenges since its identification in late 2019. Specific Background: To date, over 770 million confirmed COVID-19 cases and millions of deaths have been documented worldwide. Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are particularly vulnerable, exhibiting an elevated risk of severe illness and mortality due to exacerbated inflammatory responses and frequent comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and obesity. Knowledge Gap: Despite the known risks, the precise molecular interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and host cells, and how these may be modified by diabetes and its comorbidities, remain inadequately understood. Aims: This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and human cells, with a specific focus on how T2DM influences these interactions. Results: Preliminary findings indicate that the presence of T2DM amplifies the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, likely through altered receptor interactions and exacerbated immune responses. Novelty: This research provides new insights into the differential impact of SARS-CoV-2 on diabetic versus non-diabetic patients, highlighting the role of diabetes-induced alterations in viral pathogenesis. Implications: Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic and preventive strategies to mitigate the heightened risk faced by individuals with T2DM during pandemics, thereby informing public health policies and clinical practices
DNA INSTABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH FOLATE DEfiCIENCY
Get PDFFolate, also referred to as Vitamin B9, is a type of vitamin that dissolves in water and plays a central role in preserving the integrity of DNA molecules and gene expression through the construction of DNA and methylation. Folate cannot be synthesised in vivo and must be obtained from the diet, particularly fruits and green leafy vegetables. deficiency of folate increases the risk of DNA stability due to uracil misincorporation into the DNA backbone and chromosome breaks, it can lead to the accumulation of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) which impairs the pathway of dTMP synthesis. in addition, it reduces the availability of methyl donors which causes impaired methylation patterns. Finally, it can generate oxidative stress leading to mtDNA damage and eventually to genomic instability. Different studies and measurement methods have produced varying evidence on the connection between folate and DNA stability, So we encourage to increase in folic acid intake for at-risk groups, but more rigorous human studies are needed before scientifically based public health recommendations about dietary requirements can be made
DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING NEUROLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH BRAIN DISEASES
Get PDFGeneral Background: The advent of advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques has transformed the exploration of neurological alterations linked to brain diseases. Specific Background: MRI serves as a non-invasive modality for visualizing brain structure and function, crucial for identifying abnormalities associated with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Knowledge Gap: Despite the advancements, the precise relationships between these imaging modalities and specific neurological changes remain inadequately understood, necessitating further investigation. Aims: This review aims to examine the latest developments in MRI techniques, particularly functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and their applications in assessing neurological disorders. Results: The integration of fMRI facilitates the capture of real-time brain activity through blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals, while DTI provides insights into white matter integrity and neural connectivity. MRS enhances our understanding of biochemical alterations by measuring metabolic changes within the brain. Novelty: This synthesis of advanced MRI methodologies underscores their complementary roles in elucidating the intricacies of brain structure and function, particularly in the context of disease progression and treatment response. Implications: By delineating subtle changes in brain activity and composition, these MRI techniques not only enhance early diagnosis but also inform clinical strategies for the management of brain diseases, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes. This review highlights the potential of advanced MRI modalities in bridging existing knowledge gaps and advancing both research and clinical practices in neurology
STUDY OF TOXICOLOGY OF THE ANTITUMOR DRUG COLCHIPRIT-NEO (K-20)
Get PDFObjective: Colchiprit-neo was administered orally to rats at dosages of 30.0, 61.0, and 120 mg/kg for 30 days in order to assess its chronic toxicity. Methods: The effects on behavior, body weight, peripheral blood composition, kidney function, liver enzyme levels, and internal organ pathology were evaluated after rats were given Colchiprit-neo at the recommended dosages. To assess the reversibility of any possible harmful effects, a one-month recovery time was incorporated. Results: According to the study, rats' behavior, body weight, and blood composition were unaffected by repeated oral treatment of Colchiprit-neo. During therapy, the liver's alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level rose, but during the recovery phase, all tested values went back to normal. The 30 mg/kg dose did not cause any toxicity in the parenchymal organs, according to pathomorphological analysis. Novelty: The findings indicate that Colchiprit-neo is safe for long-term usage because it does not show substantial chronic toxicity at therapeutic levels. This work offers significant preclinical evidence in favor of its possible therapeutic use without endangering the major organ systems
The Association Between Ferritin Concentration Within the Blood and Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG IgA) in Individuals with Celiac Disease
Get PDFCeliac disease (CD) is a major public health concern across the world. because to the related comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to research the relationship among serum ferritin and anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG IgA) in celiac disease patients. The research was conducted in Iraq- Muthanna over the course of one year from 2022 to 2023. The study included (5o) (CD) patients and (5o) healthy peoples (control). Patients with chronic disease were excluded. Blood was drawn from (patients and healthy) and tested for ferritin and (tTG IgA). the results showed serum ferritin revealed a negatively correlation with anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG IgA) (Pearson's regression equal to o.54) in patients with celiac disease . Finally, we can have been concluded from our study the iron storage is represented by ferritin is negatively correlated in patient with celiac disease and anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG IgA)
DETECTION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SPECIMEN AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN OF HUMAN
Get PDFIn this study, 60 samples were collected from different sources in Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital and Karma Hospital . The random sampling process was conducted to identify the foci of pollution in P.aeruginosa, which was one of the objectives of this study and obtained diagnostic procedures. 45 samples were collected from Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital and collected from 15 samples Karma Hospital . Results of agricultural tests and tests biochemistry 10 isolates of P.aeruginosa bacteria . The pharmacological sensitivity of 10 samples was tested against 10 types of antibiotics in the method of spreading the disk to Kirby_bauer. All isolates were almost resistant . All antibiotics were resistant to severe resistanc
PREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN DIFFERENT MAMMALIAN HOSTS RUSUL JASIM JAMEEL
Get PDFToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite with a global distribution across diverse mammals affecting human and animal health. This review compiles the current information on the incidences of T. gondii in various mammals; companion animals like cats and dogs, farm animals like cattle and sheep, and wild animals like deer and rodents. Research shows that it is more common in cats, the definite host in which the parasite attains sexual maturity (Dubey, 2010). It has been reported that the prevalence in livestock depends on geographical location, farming practice and environmental factors and relatively high in sheep and pigs because of their grazing and feeding behavior and direct contact with oocyst containing environment (Tenter et al. , 2000). Wildlife species remain hosts and keep the life cycle of the parasite in natural systems (Robert-Gangneux & Dardé, 2012). This compilation therefore highlights the need for constant monitoring and provision of control measures for the prevention of zoonotic transmission of T. gondii while reflecting on the various factors in host biology, the environment and human activitie
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PANCREAS HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL IN BARN OWL (TYTO ALBA) AND BLACK FRANCOLIN (FRANCOLINUS)
Get PDFThe present study aimed at the pancreas of two bird species differs in their classification, habitat, nutrition, and activity. The birds were omnivorous Black Francolin(francolinus) and carnivorous Barn Owl (Tyto alba). Histologically the pancreas of these birds was covered by a thin layer of connective tissue capsule formed from reticular, elastic, and few collagenous fibers, this capsule in barn owl appear thicker than that found in black francolin birds. The parenchyma of pancreas in both birds were composed mainly from exocrine portion represented by serous acini and endocrine portion which distributed among acini which represented by islets of Langerhans. The endocrine gland of the pancreas showed that the islets of Langerhans, have two types of cells, the first one is alpha cells shown as a spindle in shape with oval nuclei, located periphery of the islets of Langerhans. The second type was beta cells show as rows or irregular polygonal cells with spherical nuclei that is slightly larger than the nuclei of alpha cells and found in the center of islets. These cells were located in the periphery of the island of Langerhans in both birds. Histochemical results reveal that the pancreatic cells, whether the acinar cells or islets cells are moderately positive in both species of birds
EFFECT OF CEFOTAXIME ON ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Get PDFThis study aims to detect the effect of cefotaxime antibiotic on Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections. 27 clinical samples were collected from the urine of women with urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli bacteria under the supervision of a specialist doctor at Al-Rifai General Hospital in Al-Rifai District / Dhi Qar Governorate. Escherichia coli bacteria have been diagnosed by conventional methods, which have confirmed infection with Escherichia coli.
A drug susceptibility test was conducted for bacterial isolates of E. coli to the antibiotic cefotaxime from 27 female patients believed to have UTIs.
The Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) system was adopted in this study for the purpose of statistical analysis, which express the negative or positive effect of the antibiotic cefotaxime on female patient samples, according to the target age groups. In the study.
If we conclude from the foregoing from the current study that the rate of resistance of E. coli bacteria to the antibiotic cefotaxime has reached 70%, and this is consistent with the study of researcher Harran (2012), which confirmed the high and large resistance of E. coli to the antibiotic cefotaxime of the group of third- generation antibiotics The cephalosporins group, and the rate of resistance to the previous antibiotic was 76.6%. The results of this study also coincided with the results of the researcher’s study SURESH (2016) in India, where the percentage of E. coli resistance to the antibiotic cefotaxime was 100%. This study was also compatible with the researcher’s study HEGAZY (2018), which demonstrated the resistance of E. coli isolates to the antibiotic cefotaxime by 74.4%, and the reason for the aforementioned results of the current study and studies compatible with it is due to the ability of E. coli to resist the antibiotic cefotaxime due to its possession of efficient flow pumps in the elimination of the antibiotic The previous bio outside the cell and the removal of the effect of this antibiotic, and thus the existence of the natural efflux pumps outside the cell (Efflux pums), and perhaps one of the most important efflux systems possessed by E. coli is the AcrAB-ToIC system of the RND family, which is the most common efflux system in E. coli, Through which you can change the permeability of the outer membrane of the germ cell.
coli bacteria have many mechanisms to resist beta-lactam antibiotics, as they work to produce beta-lactamase enzymes stationed in the proplasmic vacuole, and these enzymes attack beta-lactam antibiotics before they reach the target, and the bacterial cell works to reduce its permeability to prevent the entry of
antibiotics and thus inhibit their action, and it is possible The bacterial cell acts as a pump driving the antibiotic beyond its borders, but the most common mechanism is its production of beta-lactamase enzymes and its importance comes through its ability to open the beta-lactam ring for both penicillins and cephalosporins (Frere et al., 2015; Bush, 2015; Chambers et al., 2005).
Several studies indicate that if E. coli bacteria show resistance to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, azotronam, and cefotaxime, they are considered broad-spectrum to resist many beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams) due to the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). ] making the treatment menu for patients with UTIs limite
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM FERRITIN LEVEL AND LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IN CHILDREN WITH BETA-THALASSEMIAIN THALASSEMIA CENTER OF KUT HOSPITAL
Get PDFBackground:Thalassemia represents a heterogeneous autosomal recessive hereditary anemia.Ferritin is a 450 KDa soluble protein. It can be found in all of the body's cells, but it's particularly abundant in marrow macrophages, spleen, and liver.
Objective:In patients with β thalassemia major and β thalassemia Intermedia, serum ferritin levels are measured, and their correlation with bilirubin levels, liver enzymes AST (aspartate transaminase) and ALT (alanine transaminase), in beta-thalassemia major and β thalassemia Intermedia.
Patients and Methods:A cross-section study that involved 90 patientsincluded 50 Thalassemia Major (TM) and 40 Thalassemia intermediate(TI). Patients who were randomly chosen for this study would be gathered from the Kut Hospital Thalassemia Center. Every patient's are kid, aged 5 to 17, regardless of gender. Abbott C4000 Architect Additionally, the TSB, ALT, AST, and serum ferritin were determined using the Cobas c 111 analyzer.
Results:The studies include both genders 52.9% of the females had B-thalassemia major and 47.1% had β-thalassemia intermediate, whereas 57.1% of the men had βTM and 42.9% had βTI. There were 37.8% of females and 62.2% of males in the sample.Patients with severe thalassemia exhibited a statistically significant increase in the mean± SD of serum ferritin (4016.54 ± 2500.81 ng/ml) compared to the mean ± SD of β-thalassemia intermedia (1629.48 ± 1235.33 ng/ml), with a p-value of 0.000. Patients with major β-thalassemia had a mean TSB level that was statistically significantly lower (1.32 ± 0.69 mg/dl) than the mean level of β-thalassemia intermedia (2.10 ± 0.86 mg/dl), with a p-value of 0.000. In the B-thalassemia major group, serum hepcidin did not exhibit a statistically significant association with serum ferritin (r=-0.04), while in the B-thalassemia intermedia group, serum ferritin exhibited a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with TSB (r=-0.38), p-value. 0.01.Conclusions:Ferritin levels may be useful in thalassemia syndrome diagnosis and prognosis determinatio