Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
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LASER-TISSUE INTERACTION: A BIOPHYSICAL STUDY FOR PRECISION SURGICAL APPLICATIONS
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to deepen the understanding of laser-tissue interactions in precision surgery by evaluating the biophysical mechanisms influenced by specific laser parameters and tissue characteristics. Method: A literature-based analytical approach was employed to explore the effects of key laser-tissue interaction types—photothermal, photochemical, photomechanical, and photoablation—focusing on variables such as wavelength, pulse duration, and fluence. Results: The analysis revealed that different laser systems, including CO₂, Nd:YAG, and femtosecond lasers, exhibit distinct interaction profiles across clinical applications, significantly affecting surgical outcomes. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and real-time feedback systems was found to enhance the precision, safety, and personalization of laser-based procedures. Novelty: This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of wavelength-specific and tissue-dependent laser effects, while highlighting the emerging potential of interdisciplinary innovations to transform laser-assisted surgeries. It underscores the critical role of smart technologies in advancing minimally invasive techniques and calls for further cross-domain research to optimize future clinical applications
PREVALENCE OF HYDATID DISEASE IN IRAQ: A STATISTICAL STUDY (2023)
Get PDFObjective: Hydatid disease (cystic echinococcosis), caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, remains a persistent public health concern in Iraq, particularly in areas with suboptimal livestock management and healthcare infrastructure. This study aimed to assess the national prevalence of hydatid disease across various demographic and geographic dimensions using recent official data. Method: A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted using epidemiological data from the Iraqi Ministry of Health’s Division of Infectious Diseases, encompassing 478 confirmed cases reported in 2023. The dataset was analyzed based on age, gender, and governorate of residence using frequencies and percentages. Results: Females represented 64.9% of infections, with the 20–44 age group being most affected. The highest prevalence was found in Al-Muthanna province (1.12 per 10,000 population), indicating potential epidemiological hotspots driven by ecological and sociocultural factors. Novelty: This study provides an up-to-date national epidemiological snapshot of hydatid disease in Iraq using 2023 data, highlighting gender- and age-based vulnerability and identifying geographic clusters. The findings offer valuable insights for region-specific public health interventions and contribute new empirical evidence to the limited literature on zoonotic disease distribution in Iraq
ENHANCING ANTIFUNGAL PROPERTY AND CYTOTOXICITY PROFILE OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES BIOSYNTHESIS VIA SOME FILAMENTOUS FUNGI WITH IN SILICO STUDY
Get PDFObjective: To synthesize gold nanoparticles by fungi and testing their susceptibility as antifungals and comparing them with computerized study. Method: Synthesis of gold nanoparticles by some filamentous fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichoderma), Au NPs characterised using (Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Uv-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses (EDX), testing them as antifungals against pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, Aspergillus niger, and A. flavus) and compared their results with nystatin as standard antifungal, the study was drawing a with In Silico study. Results: Aspergillus growth rate was more susceptible to nanoparticles, the percentage of growth rate was less than 70% after 48h, while Candida species were not affected by nanoparticles whether Au, and the percentage of growth rate was over 95%. The formation Au NPs confirm using UV-Vis with surface plasmon resonance at 540 nm and TEM images confirm spherical shape with average size 30 nm. The obtained data have been reported that therapeutic doses of nystatin that ranged from 8-1 μg/mL were not toxic significantly, and Au at 25% was not toxic effect significantly on cells growth. In silico study the results showed a characteristic binding affinity and conformational stability of Au-protein combination. Novelty: Synthesis of gold nanoparticles using filamentous fungi is best method and nanoparticles have a moderate antifungal activity compared to standard antifungal drug (nystatin)
PHYSIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PHOTOPERIODISM AND PHYTOCHROME SYSTEM IN PLANTS
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to explore the physiological foundations of photoperiodism and the phytochrome system, detailing their mechanisms and assessing their ecological and agricultural implications. Method: The research examines the role of the phytochrome pigment system, which senses red and far-red light, and its mediation of changes in day length to regulate plant physiological processes like flowering, dormancy, and seed germination. Result: The research demonstrates that phytochrome, through its Pr and Pfr forms, governs gene expression and hormone production to regulate flowering and growth. It shows that short-day and long-day plants exhibit distinct phytochrome responses, while day-neutral plants rely on alternate factors. Novelty: By connecting molecular mechanisms of phytochrome signaling with real-world plant behavior and environmental adaptation, the paper offers a comprehensive synthesis linking basic plant science with agronomic applications. Understanding these systems allows for better crop scheduling, yield optimization in controlled environments, and adaptation of plant species to new climates through light management. This knowledge is crucial for sustainable agriculture and the development of high-yielding, climate-resilient plant varieties
TYPES OF EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES SECRETED BY FUNGI
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to review the diversity and significance of extracellular enzymes secreted by fungi, with a focus on their ecological functions and industrial applications. Method: A literature-based analysis was conducted, summarizing the main categories of fungal enzymes, including cellulases, ligninases, proteases, lipases, and pectinases, as well as their associated roles in both natural and applied contexts. Results: The findings highlight that fungal extracellular enzymes play essential roles in breaking down complex organic materials, thereby facilitating nutrient cycling, decomposition, and ecosystem balance. Industrially, these enzymes are widely applied in biofuel production, bioremediation, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and textiles, demonstrating their versatility and economic value. Novelty: This review integrates ecological and industrial perspectives, emphasizing the dual importance of fungal enzymes as natural mediators of biodegradation and as key biocatalysts driving sustainable innovations in biotechnology and environmental management
MUCORMYCOSIS (BLACK FUNGUS): INTERPLAY BETWEEN IMMUNOSUPPRESSION, DIABETES MELLITUS, AND GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY: A REVIEW
Get PDFObjective: Moulds called mucormycetes are the source of the uncommon but dangerous fungal infection known as mucormycosis, or zygomycosis. Method: Immunocompromised people, such as those with untreated diabetes, haematologic malignancies, and immunological dysregulation brought on by COVID-19, are the main victims. Results: Rapid progression, angioinvasion, tissue necrosis, and a high death rate if left untreated are the disease's hallmarks. Novelty: This study highlights the emerging association of mucormycosis with COVID-19-induced immunological dysregulation, emphasizing its significance in recent patient populations and the urgent need for clinical awareness
EFFECT OF ADDING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FLAXSEED OIL TO DIETS ON EJACULATE VOLUME AND SPERM CONCENTRATION IN SEMEN IN OSTRICHES
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation with flaxseed oil on the morphological characteristics of semen in male ostriches. Method: The experiment was conducted at the Babylon Reserve for Ostrich, Falcon, and Deer Breeding, Babylon Province, Iraq, using 27 sexually mature ostriches divided into three treatment groups with three replicates each, organized under a family-based system (two females and one male per replicate). Birds were housed in specialized pens, with males separated from females from the beginning of the trial, and all were provided a standardized diet containing 17.34% crude protein and 2740.56 kcal/kg metabolizable energy. Treatments included a control diet and diets supplemented with 1% or 2% flaxseed oil. Semen traits assessed included ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, and packed sperm volume. Results: Supplementation with flaxseed oil at both inclusion levels led to statistically significant and highly significant improvements in most evaluated semen parameters compared with the control. Novelty: These findings provide new evidence that flaxseed oil, as a rich source of Omega-3 fatty acids, can enhance reproductive performance in male ostriches, offering a natural nutritional strategy to improve fertility and productivity in ostrich farming systems
EFFECT OF ADDING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF RAW POWDERED MULBERRY AND ARTICHOKE LEAVES, AND THEIR COMBINATION, ON LIVER ENZYMES AND CERTAIN OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN LAYING HENS EXPOSED TO HEAT STRESS
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to investigate the biological effects of dietary supplementation with mulberry and artichoke leaves on mitigating the negative impacts of heat stress in laying hens. Method: A total of 144 Lohmann Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments (24 hens per treatment, three replicates of eight hens each). The treatments consisted of a basal diet supplemented with artichoke leaf powder, mulberry leaf powder, or their combination at inclusion levels of 0, 1, 1.5, 1, 1.5, and 1.5+1.5 g/kg of feed, respectively. The trial lasted four months, during which blood samples were collected biweekly from each replicate, and monthly averages were analyzed to evaluate liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT, ALP) and oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD). Results: The findings revealed that dietary supplementation with mulberry and artichoke leaves, individually or in combination, significantly alleviated the adverse effects of heat stress, as reflected by improved oxidative status and more favorable liver enzyme activity. Novelty: This study highlights the functional potential of natural plant-based additives, such as mulberry and artichoke leaves, as sustainable nutritional strategies to enhance resilience and maintain performance of laying hens under heat stress conditions
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES, DIET KNOWLEDGE VERSUS RISK FACTORS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AMONG NURSING COLLEGE STUDENTS
Get PDFObjective: This study examines the relationships between demographic attributes, dietary knowledge, and PCOS risk factors among nursing college students to identify determinants that influence syndrome awareness and symptom recognition. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 120 female nursing students using a structured questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, dietary knowledge related to PCOS, and self-reported risk factors. Results: Significant correlations were identified between age groups and specific risk factors, with younger students showing a higher prevalence of certain symptoms. Dietary knowledge levels varied considerably, with 47.5% demonstrating good understanding, while 50% showed moderate awareness. Strong associations emerged between family history, lifestyle factors, and symptom presentation. Novelty: Demographic characteristics and nutritional literacy significantly influence PCOS risk factor recognition among nursing students, highlighting the need for targeted educational interventions in healthcare curricula
GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS AND THE FACTOR OF TRAUMATIC OCCLUSION
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to determine the role of occlusal factors in the development of localized periodontitis (LPT) and emphasize the necessity for functionally justified restorations of the chewing surfaces of teeth. Method: The study involved 80 patients (12 men, 68 women, aged 22-63 years) diagnosed with localized periodontitis. Clinical examination, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and radiographic analysis were used for diagnosis. Participants were divided into two groups and received professional oral hygiene, endodontic treatments, and medicamentous treatments, including the use of temporary splints and crowns. Results: The main group showed rapid wound healing and reduced inflammation symptoms after treatment, with a shorter healing time compared to the comparison group. The main group also exhibited better long-term outcomes, with a 23.5% reduction in the periodontal pocket depth, whereas the comparison group showed a 15.6% reduction. The microcirculation indicator significantly improved in the main group, highlighting better recovery. Novelty: The study introduces the effectiveness of orthopedic methods in treating periodontitis, particularly the use of temporary prostheses to eliminate traumatic occlusion, which significantly enhances healing and reduces inflammation compared to traditional methods. This approach provides a new perspective on treating localized periodontitis linked to occlusal disturbances