Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
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CHANGES IN THE ORAL MUCOSA AFTER ORTHODONTIC CONSTRUCTIONS
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this study is to address the challenges associated with prosthetics, particularly complete removable dentures, which require specific conditions for fixation in the oral cavity. It also aims to explore the design considerations and post-treatment care to improve patient adaptation and the longevity of the prosthetic devices. Methods: The study focuses on the evaluation of various factors considered by orthopedic dentists when designing removable dentures. These factors include the condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the elasticity of mucous membranes, the presence of scars or cords, the degree of bone tissue atrophy, and the shape of the palate. After the prosthesis is delivered, patients are instructed on its use, as well as on specific speech exercises to aid in adaptation. Results: The findings highlight the importance of assessing the patient's oral condition before prosthetic design. Proper care and adaptation exercises post-prosthetic fitting significantly enhance the patient’s ability to adjust to the dentures, thus improving both comfort and effectiveness. Novelty: This study provides insights into the complexities of designing complete removable dentures and emphasizes the critical role of personalized care and speech training to facilitate faster adaptation and extend the lifespan of dentures
RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENAL PATHOLOGY, CARDIOVASCULAR AND CEREBROVASCULAR SYSTEMS
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to identify and analyze common risk factors contributing to the development of renal pathology, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebrovascular disorders, highlighting the interconnected pathophysiological mechanisms among these systems. Method: A comprehensive literature review and comparative analysis were conducted to examine the overlapping pathogenetic pathways and shared risk factors across renal, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular conditions. The study synthesized data from peer-reviewed articles, clinical studies, and epidemiological reports to identify key mechanisms influencing disease progression. Results: The analysis revealed that risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, and chronic inflammation are common to all three systems, contributing to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and impaired vascular regulation. These shared mechanisms underscore the parallel progression of pathology within the brain, heart, and kidneys, increasing the susceptibility to comorbid conditions. Novelty: This study provides new insights into the integrated pathophysiological processes linking renal, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases, emphasizing the need for holistic prevention strategies and multidisciplinary management approaches to address these interrelated health risks effectively
ECHINOCOCCOSIS OF THE KIDNEY IN CHILDREN (BRIEF REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE)
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of hepatic echinococcosis in pediatric patients, focusing on diagnostic modalities, surgical treatment options, and associated complications. Method: A literature-based analysis was conducted, evaluating current clinical practices, imaging techniques, surgical approaches—including open and minimally invasive procedures—and adjunct pharmacological therapies. Results: The review highlights the central role of precise imaging and serological testing in early diagnosis. Surgical strategies should be tailored to cyst characteristics, with open surgery remaining crucial for complex cases. Minimally invasive techniques, while promising, require refinement to match the effectiveness of conventional approaches. Antiparasitic chemotherapy serves as a supportive measure in select patients. Recurrence is primarily linked to the thoroughness of surgical intervention rather than the choice of technique. Novelty: This study underscores the clinical relevance of emerging technologies such as laser devitalization and addresses ongoing controversies in the classification of surgical methods. It offers a nuanced evaluation of echinococcectomy in children, contributing to a better understanding of optimizing treatment outcomes and minimizing recurrence
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE AND SLIME LAYER FORMATION OF A CLINICAL ISOLATE OF STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUINIS FROM INFECTED ROOT CANALS
Get PDFObjective: This study examined susceptibility of the clinical isolate Streptococcus sanguinis, isolated from an infected root canal to various antibiotics, and tested its capacity to form a slime layer. Method: PCR and gel electrophoresis both confirmed it as bacterial identification. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of S. sanguinis was determined and compared to previously determined sequences in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) database. Growth of the isolate was determined to consist of a strong ability to form a slime layer when grown on Congo red-modified Schaedler agar medium. Results: GenBank records for the resulting sequences are under the accession numbers PQ654829 and PQ654911. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was high to levofloxacin, moderate to gentamicin, tobramycin and vancomycin, and complete resistance to cefixime. Novelty: The results of this study provide important information about the bacterium's virulence and antibiotic resistance
INCIDENCE OF SEPSIS IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD WITHIN KIRKUK PROVINCE
Get PDFObjectives: Medical researches on septicemia, particularly, in most susceptible age group of children i.e. newborns and young infants in Iraq are scanty. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of blood poisoning via hematological parameters in children under 5 years old within Kirkuk Province. Methodology: Only 120 children aged 1-60 months admitted to hospital on suspicion of blood poisoning were selected and compared with other 40 healthy children of similar ages used as control. Results: Almost 42.5% of suspected cases admitted to hospital were diagnosed sepsis positive. Over 80% of affected sepsis cases were in children aged 1-18 months old but dropped down as the age advanced. The main blood parameters i.e. leucocytes (WBC), erythrocytes (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb%), Lymphocytes (L), Blood platelets (PLT) were significantly (p≤0.05-0.0001) affected up and down in sepsis patients in comparison with counterpart children. Novelty: It is concluded that the newborn and infants are more susceptible to infection than older ages due to the immaturity of the immune system in these babies, artificial rather than breast feeding, negligence and inexperience of mothers and deficiency of hygienic parameters applied. Early and regular health checkup of newborn babies under 5 years old by pediatricians deems mandatory to promote health measurements and reduce children mortality
INVESTIGATION OF BIOLOGICAL PROPERTY FEATURES VARIABILITY OF CANDIDA FAMILY YEAST-LIKE FUNGI
Get PDFObjective: Yeast-like fungi of the Candida genus are opportunistic pathogens implicated in candidiasis, yet biological variability—particularly in colony morphology and proteolytic properties—remains underexplored beyond Candida albicans, especially across strain origins, culture passages, and storage conditions. Method: This study investigated the morphological and proteolytic characteristics of Candida spp. from both hospital and collection strains, assessing variability under controlled passage conditions. Evaluations were conducted using a rice bran-based medium and a standardized scale for growth assessment. Results: The study identified distinct colony morphotypes—typical S, atypical K, and rare R forms—whose distribution varied with passage number and storage duration. Notably, collection strains exhibited a significant decline in proteolytic activity by the third passage, while hospital strains showed reduced enzymatic activity from the initial passage. Novelty: This research provides new insights into the phenotypic plasticity of Candida strains, emphasizing the diagnostic relevance of passage tracking. It also introduces a practical and accessible method for evaluating growth characteristics using rice bran-based media, contributing to improved diagnostic accuracy, treatment strategies, and epidemiological monitoring in clinical mycology
IMMUNOLOGICAL DETECTION OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS ANTIGEN AND EVALUATION OF TNF-Α AND IL-10 IN PATIENTS WITH Β-THALASSEMIA MAJOR
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to detect Epstein–Barr virus antigens using the ELISA technique and to evaluate the immune status by measuring the levels of inflammatory cytokines, namely Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). Method: This study was conducted on 150 patients previously diagnosed with major β-thalassemia by physicians at the hospital. Special kits were used to detect viral antigens, in addition to other kits used for measuring cytokine levels. Statistical analysis was also performed to evaluate the cytokine data. Results: The virus was detected in 82% of the total number of patients. The highest rate was recorded in patients aged between 11-20 years and females showed a higher infection rate compared to males. Regarding cytokines, there was a statistically significant increase in the levels of Interleukin-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor in patients compared to the control group, p-values of 0.0048 and 0.0035, respectively. Novelty: The results revealed the presence of immune regulatory dysfunction in this group of patients, as they exhibited signs of both immune activation and suppression simultaneously. This underscores the importance of continuous immunological monitoring for this category of patients
SILVER NANOPARTICLES AS ANTIVIRAL-A MINI REVIEW
Get PDFObjective: There are many different species that nanoparticles can suppress, such as bacteria, algae, fungus, archaea, and a vast class of viruses. Method: The method of action involves preventing the creation of the cell membrane or its function, interfering with energy transmission, generating harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), and preventing or lowering the synthesis of RNA and DNA. Results: Numerous nanomaterials, including those based on silicon, carbon, and metals, as well as nanoarchitectures, have been effectively employed to combat various viruses. The solid-state activity of these nanoarchitecture-based virucidal materials (also known as nano-antivirals) has been firmly supported by recent research. The development of many items, including high-touch surfaces and fabric, benefits greatly from their use. Novelty: The development of scalable and sustainable nano-antiviral products with contact-killing capabilities is recommended in this study, which carefully and critically evaluates current developments in the use of nanomaterials to block the effectiveness of Rotavirus, one of the enteroviruses that kill children
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII ON THE COMMUNITY VIA GENETIC RESEARCH
Get PDFObjective: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite with a global presence, infecting nearly all warm-blooded animals, including humans, and this research explores the genetic diversity, virulence, and host-pathogen interactions of T. gondii, emphasizing the prevalence and diversity of clonal lineages (Types I, II, III), atypical strains, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), particularly in Hungary and Brazil. Method: Comprehensive genomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic methodologies were employed, utilizing advanced genetic tools such as multilocus microsatellite typing, CRISPR-Cas9 editing, and genome sequencing to identify virulence factors, host immune response pathways, and parasite adaptation mechanisms. Result: The study highlights how environmental and host genetic factors shape gene expression and pathogenic outcomes, with key insights from CRISPR-mediated gene disruptions, transcriptional profiling in infected macrophages, comparative genomics between T. gondii and related parasites, and case studies in Wisconsin and Brazil revealing geographic clustering and genotype-specific host outcomes, while efforts in vaccine development target rhoptry and microneme proteins. Novelty: Further, the research addresses ethical, regulatory, and public health dimensions, emphasizing biospecimen collection, community engagement, and global surveillance, contributing to a refined understanding of T. gondii’s biology and broader implications for public health, including standardized virulence evaluation protocols and integrated veterinary and epidemiological strategies
COMPARISON OF TOTAL SERUM GLUCOSE AND CREATININE LEVELS IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATIONS AND WITHOUT COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Get PDFObjective: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by blood sugar levels that exceed the normal threshold. This increase in blood sugar levels is caused by insulin abnormalities. In diabetes mellitus, glucose and creatinine levels increase due to thickening of the basement membrane and enlargement of the glomerulus. This research used a laboratory experimental design using quantitative methods. The research subjects were Diabetes Mellitus sufferers aged over 60 years and over with a total of 30 diabetes mellitus patients accompanied by complications and 30 diabetes mellitus patients without Chronic Kidney Disease complications. The research data shows a significant value of p=0.00 (p<0.05), which means there is a comparison between the total levels of fasting blood glucose and serum creatinine in Diabetes Mellitus patients with complications and those without Chronic Kidney Disease complications