Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
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MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF BIOCOMPATIBLE IMPLANTS: MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGIES AND PROSPECTS
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to evaluate the osseointegration potential of stainless steel implants manufactured using additive technologies for tibial prosthetics in rabbits, focusing on mechanical stability and bone-implant integration. Method: The experimental study was conducted on six chinchilla rabbits aged 6–8 months. Under general anesthesia, each rabbit underwent leg amputation followed by the implantation of a screw-type stainless steel implant produced through additive manufacturing. The implants were stabilized using the Ilizarov apparatus for six weeks. Clinical assessments, radiological imaging, and histological analyses were performed to evaluate the extent of osseointegration. Results: The findings demonstrate that the screw-type implant structure successfully osseointegrated into the tubular bone, with significant new bone tissue formation observed on the implant surface after 12 weeks. This bone-implant integration formed a stable bone-implant block capable of withstanding mechanical stress, confirming the implant's mechanical stability within the bone. Novelty: This study highlights the promising potential of additive manufacturing technologies in producing biocompatible implants with enhanced osseointegration capabilities, paving the way for more effective and durable orthopedic prosthetics
NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE TOWARD MANAGEMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN
Get PDFObjective: Study aims to assess nurses' knowledge toward pain management post operatively and to find out the relationship between nurses' knowledge and their demographic data. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted at Al-Najaf city in the southern region of Iraq in Al-Zahra'a Teaching Hospital from January 28, 2025, to 6th April, 2025, in order to assess the nurses’ knowledge regarding post-operative pain management. The methodological strategies for data collection used an assessment questionnaire survey methodology. Results: In the present study, an assessment of nurses' knowledge concerning post-operative pain management revealed a good level of understanding. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between nurses' knowledge regarding management of post-operative pain and their level of education and training courses. Novelty: Despite advancements in pain management, many patients still suffer due to a lack of nurses’ knowledge or negative attitudes toward handling
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM VITAMIN 25(OH)D3-LEVELS WITH WOMEN OBESITY
Get PDFObjectives: This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D3 levels and obesity in adult women compared to normal weight women. Method: Ninety-six (96) women them age around (20-50) years were collected and classified into three groups based on BMI categories. ELISA kit was used to measure vitamin D3 levels in serum of blood. Results: The results showed significantly lower vitamin D3 levels (15.28±1.13) in obese and overweight women (22.46 ±1.31) compared to normal weight group (34.40 ±2.43) at p≤ 0.05, and a negative significant correlation between vitamin25(OH) D3 levels and BMI in obese women. Novelty: This finding suggested that vitamin D3 deficiency in obese women may be due to its storage in adipose tissue which reduces its levels in the bloodstream. In addition to other different mechanism. More studies are required for detect the complex interchange between vitamin D3 and obesity to know more about the biological mechanism of action
THE EFFECT OF BROMOCRIPTINE ON THE LEVELS OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND LIVER OF IMMATURE MALE RATS
Get PDFObjectives: The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain how bromocriptine (BRO) affected the livers of young male rats. Method: On the first day of experiments, the first group of five immature male rats (16 days old) weighing 25–30g was slaughtered. The remaining rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 animals. The 3rd and 4th groups received BRO (IP) at 3 and 6 mg/kg BW, respectively, for two periods (9 days and 27 days), whereas the second group acted as the control and received the vehicle (IP). For the recovery trial, five rats from each group were kept for a month without receiving any therapy. Results: When compared to the control group, BRO therapy resulted in: A) a substantial loss in body the weight, B) significant rise in liver weight, and C) a significant increase in blood levels of phosphatase-alkaline in immature albino rats of both treated the groups. Novelty: The current investigation leads us to the conclusion that, even though BRO had an impact on the liver of young male rats, the effects of BRO may be recovered after a month of no treatment
ASSESSMENT OF HIP JOINT ENDOPROSTHESIS TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS AND ITS IMPACT ON PATIENTS' QUALITY OF LIFE
Get PDFObjective: This study investigates the effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in restoring joint function and enhancing the overall quality of life for patients with severe hip joint disorders. Method: Conducted at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Surkhandarya Regional Multidisciplinary Medical Centre, Uzbekistan, the study observed 82 patients who underwent THA between 2022 and 2024. The Harris Hip Score and SF-36 health survey were used to evaluate patients’ physical function, pain levels, emotional state, and social well-being before surgery and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Results: Findings demonstrated a significant reduction in pain and substantial improvements in mobility, independence, and physical health indicators. Patients also reported enhanced mood, sleep quality, and life satisfaction, suggesting broad psychosocial benefits beyond physical rehabilitation. Novelty: Unlike prior studies focused solely on biomechanical outcomes, this research emphasizes the holistic impact of hip endoprosthesis, highlighting THA as not merely a mechanical intervention but a transformative procedure with profound implications for psychological well-being and quality of life. The study advocates for patient-centered orthopaedic care with integrated postoperative support
THE IMPACT OF SLEEP DISORDERS ON CELLULAR IMMUNE REGULATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Get PDFObjective: Sleep is a fundamental biological process that contributes to regulating physiological balance within the body, particularly in maintaining the efficiency of the immune system. Recent literature indicates that sleep disturbances, especially chronic ones, may lead to impaired cellular immune function and increased general inflammatory activity. Based on this hypothesis, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of sleep disturbances on cellular immune regulation in university students by analyzing lymphocyte ratios and concentrations of certain immune cytokines in the blood. Method: The study included (60) male and female students aged (19–24) years, divided into two groups: a group with sleep disturbances (n = 30), identified based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI ≥ 6), and a control group (n = 30) with normal sleep patterns. Immune cell ratios (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD56+) were measured using flow cytometry, while the concentrations of the cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: The results showed a significant decrease in the percentages of CD3+, CD4+, and CD56+ cells in the sleep disorder group compared to the control group (p < 0.01), while no significant differences were recorded in the percentages of CD8+ cells. Regarding cytokines, a significant increase in the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α was found in those with sleep disorders (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in the level of IFN-γ. The study also revealed a moderate positive correlation between PSQI scores and IL-6 concentrations (r = 0.58, p < 0.01), indicating that poor sleep quality is associated with increased immune inflammation. Novelty: These findings highlight the negative biological impact of sleep disturbances on cellular immune function in young university students, and suggest a potential causal relationship between poor sleep quality and the activation of inflammatory pathways
TISSUE ORGANIZATION OF MUCOSAL IMMUNE RESPONSES: A COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RESPIRATORY AND INTESTINAL BARRIERS
Get PDFObjective: Mucosal surfaces serve as critical defensive barriers that safeguard the organism from external environmental fluctuations and persistent pathogen threats. In response to these challenges, a specialized mucosal immune system has developed, which adapts through a process known as homing, allowing it to integrate with various tissues. This integrated immune system is responsible for producing, evaluating, and executing adaptive immune responses by establishing diverse immune microenvironments at mucosal locations. The present analysis centers on the similarities between the respiratory and intestinal mucosal systems, facilitating a comparative exploration of how a seemingly analogous system has evolved to fulfill the unique demands of different environments while preserving a robust foundational architecture. Method: Each mucosal microenvironment possesses distinctive features concerning its cellular composition, structural organization, and immune processes. To elucidate this well-characterized system, an examination of the invariant structural framework of these tissues will be conducted on both micro- and macro-scales, with an emphasis on the anatomy and cellular components of Peyer's patches (PP), bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT), tonsils, and isolated lymphoid tissues (ILT), along with smaller clusters found within the lungs. Result: Despite these specificities that may mitigate cross-competition among them, there is a proposition that the components of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) share evolutionary origins. A comparative analysis of the steady state microenvironments will delve into the complexities of immune engagement, the structural plasticity that facilitates intratissular memory, and the efficacy of effector responses that enable rapid pathogen clearance without incurring detrimental effects. Dendritic cells (DCs) residing in these environments play a pivotal role by capturing antigens utilizing various internalization receptorial setups and signal transduction pathways. The cross-presenting CD103+ DCs present in both mucosal systems influence the polarization of immune responses and the selection of immune strategies employed. Novelty: Finally, a succinct overview of the enhancing environments will be provided, addressing the proactive approaches adopted by pathogens and commensals, alongside the counterstrategies implemented by the immune system to address these threats. Special attention will be afforded to the collaborative roles of epithelial and immune cells in responding to viral infections and bacterial toxins
HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS UNDERGOING METHOTREXATE, RITUXIMAB, AND COMBINATION THERAPY
Get PDFObjective: Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronically inflammation and systemically autoimmune illnesses. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, biological and synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic pharmaceuticals (DMARDs), and immunosuppressive medications were all included in the guidelines for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of study Longitudinal assessment of WBC, Hb, platelets, ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, and ESR during taking Methotrexate (MTX) and Rituximab (RTX) treatment each alone and in combination for RA patients. Method: The study involved RA patient all taken treatment for 4 years divided into three subgroup: group (A) include 30 cases who were taken methotrexate only, group(B) include 20 cases were taken RTX only and group(C) include 10 cases who were taken combination of MTX and RTX for 4 year. In addition to the control group involved 60 healthy individuals. Results: Our findings reveal a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) levels in RA patients undergoing these treatments (p=0.03) compared to controls(11.21,11.45, 11.21 ±SD vs. 12.56±0.96). Conversely, there was a significant increase in platelet counts (p=0.002) in treated RA patients (298.71 ,266.89,308.5±SD) compared to controls (248.96±51.54). No significant differences were observed in white blood cell (WBC) counts (p=0.26). Regarding kidney function, a significant increase in both creatinine (p=0.002) and urea (p=0.003) was noted in RA patients receiving treatment (0.69, 0.71, 0.8±SD for creatinine ; 28.5 26.88−32.34±SD for urea) when compared to controls (0.59±0.19 for creatinine; 24.63±5.51 for urea). However, liver function parameters, including ALP and AST, showed no significant differences (p=0.8 and p=0.15, respectively). Finally, a significant elevation in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) (p=0.004) was observed in treated RA patients (35.63,52.81, 37.5 ±SD) versus the control group (17.7±8.47), indicating heightened inflammatory activity. Novelty: Longitudinal assessment of hematological, liver, kidney, and inflammatory biomarkers in RA patients over a four-year period under MTX, RTX, and combined treatment is rarely reported, especially with this specific comparative design including a healthy control group
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND METHAMPHETAMINE ADDICTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CYTOKINES AND IMMUNE CELL CHANGES
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to study the interaction between methamphetamine use and the immune system, by analyzing changes in cytokines and the pattern of immune cell distribution in users. Method: The study used a comparative analytical approach that included a group of users and a control group. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA and flow cytometry techniques. Results: The expected results revealed a significant increase in the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and a decrease in regulatory cytokines (IL-10), in addition to a decrease in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and an imbalance between natural killer cells and macrophages. The study also indicates a positive correlation between the duration of use and the severity of immune changes, reflecting a cumulative effect over time. These findings highlight the pivotal role of the immune system in the addiction cycle and suggest the potential for immunological markers to serve as tools for early diagnosis or therapeutic guidance. Novelty: This study provides a new scientific contribution to understanding the immune mechanisms underlying methamphetamine addiction and calls for further applied research to develop therapeutic strategies based on modulating immune pathways, which enhance recovery opportunities and reduce behavioral relapses
INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF B-CELL ACTIVATING FACTOR (BAFF), GALECTIN-9, AND CD73 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF VITILIGO: A CORRELATIVE STUDY WITH BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS
Get PDFObjective: To investigate the involvement of immune-regulatory molecules—B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF), Galectin-9, and CD73—in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Methods: A case-control study involving 50 patients with active vitiligo and 50 healthy controls. Peripheral blood and skin biopsy samples were collected to measure the concentrations of BAFF, Galectin-9, and CD73. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate differences and correlations between these markers. Results: The results showed that the levels of B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF) were significantly higher in vitiligo patients (150.64 ng/mL) compared to healthy controls (85.16 ng/mL). Similarly, Galectin-9 concentrations were elevated in patients (203.02 ng/mL) relative to controls (149.68 ng/mL). In contrast, CD73 levels were lower in vitiligo patients (49.66 ng/mL) compared to healthy controls (79.37 ng/mL), although this difference was not statistically significant. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between BAFF and Galectin-9, while CD73 exhibited a negative correlation with both BAFF and Galectin-9. Novelty: The study identifies BAFF and Galectin-9 as potential biomarkers for vitiligo severity and suggests CD73 as a modulator of immune responses. This adds new insights into the immunopathology of vitiligo and highlights potential therapeutic target