UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
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Antioxidant Enzyme Responses in Cladoceran Moina macrocopa under Oxidative Stress
Get PDFOxygen is the cornerstone of the life of all living organisms, as it plays a pivotal role in regulating the bio-physiological functions of the organism that are necessary to sustain its existence. Oxidative stress/ hypoxia is a condition of inadequate oxygen that disrupts the harmony of an organism\u27s life by impairing its growth, puts the organism\u27s survival at risk, and destabilizes the ecosystem. Like all other organisms Moina, a small cladoceran is susceptible to the alteration in dissolved oxygen levels. Here we report that, in response to hypoxia, Moina adjusts their antioxidant enzyme activities as a mechanism of adaptation. Significant changes were observed in the levels of LDH, GST, and SOD antioxidant enzymes of Moina under hypoxia (p=0.001053, GST p=0.0010053, SOD p=0.0015). These results can contribute to wider research on environmental stress tolerance by aquatic organisms and will assist in the conservation of species like Moina. Moina, being an ecological indicator, this research will help in environmental monitoring using it as a model organism
The Role of Zoological Evidence in Combating Wildlife Crime: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFWildlife crimes, mainly poaching, trafficking, and habitat destruction, are amongst the greatest threats to biodiversity and ecological balance worldwide. The battle against these crimes has given rise to the crucial role of zoological evidence in bridging the gap between science and law. The physical evidence-in the form of bones, skins, and feathers-used along with biological evidence of DNA and tissue samples-provides unchallengeable links with species and geographic origins for successful prosecutions. Advanced technologies such as DNA barcoding, isotope analysis, and satellite tracking have made evidence collection and analysis easier, thereby increasing the reliability and accuracy of forensic investigation.
However, it is not easy to integrate zoological evidence into legal frameworks. Technical barriers, inadequate forensic infrastructure, and a lack of training for enforcement personnel often act as a hindrance in its effective use. Legal systems must also change and accommodate and validate scientific methodologies in courts. This article discusses the interplay between zoological science and legal frameworks in wildlife crime investigations, focusing on success stories, current limitations, and the way forward. By leveraging scientific advancements and filling policy gaps, this fusion of disciplines can play a transformative role in securing justice and promoting conservation. The collaboration between law and science must be strengthened to prevent wildlife crime and preserve biodiversity for future generations
Giardia duodenalis in the Philippines: A Review of Prevalence, Epidemiology, and Diagnostic and Treatment Challenges
Get PDFGiardia duodenalis, commonly referred to as Giardia intestinalis or Giardia lamblia, is a worldwide relevant protozoan parasite responsible for giardiasis, a gastrointestinal disorder. Giardiasis continues to pose a public health challenge in the Philippines, especially in areas with inadequate sanitation and hygiene. Prevalence rates differ nationwide, with elevated infection rates observed in children, institutionalized groups, and regions with restricted access to clean water. Assemblage B, the predominant genotype identified, underscores the danger of zoonotic transmission. Notwithstanding progress in molecular diagnoses, conventional microscopy continues to be the principal diagnostic instrument, limited by resource constraints. Chronic giardiasis leads to malnutrition, development retardation, and cognitive deficits, especially in children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Addressing these deficiencies requires enhanced diagnostic techniques, focused public health initiatives, and investments in water sanitation infrastructure. This review highlights significant research deficiencies and emphasizes the necessity for extensive initiatives to alleviate the impact of giardiasis in the Philippines
Bioaccumilation of Heavy Metals in Fish Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822), from Kayamkulam Estuary
Get PDFAccumulation of Arsenic, Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg in water, gills, liver and muscles of fish Liza parsia were analyzed from the four different sites along the Kayamkulam Backwater. The results showed that the highest concentration of as was found in liver tissues followed by gills. Gill tissues of the fish had a higher accumulation of Cu followed by liver and muscles. Higher accumulation of cadmium was observed in gills followed by liver tissue. Pb accumulation was found to be higher in liver as well as in gills followed by muscles. Accumulations of heavy metals in fish organs showed a seasonal fluctuation. The concentration of the detected metals was highest during warmer months, while the lowest values were observed during colder months. The organ specific comparison of heavy metals level indicated that the highest concentration was found in liver tissues. The lowest concentration was detected in muscle because muscle is not an active tissue in the accumulation of heavy metals. Pearson correlation matrix analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between the accumulation of heavy metals in water and tissues of the fish sample
Field Screening of Black Gram Genotypes for Resistance against the Spotted Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) under Southern Telangana Conditions, India
Get PDFBlack gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) is India\u27s third most important pulse crop. Throughout its growth, the crop is vulnerable to various insect pests from sowing to harvest and during post-harvest. In Telangana, farmers are experiencing significant yield losses due to lepidopteran pests that feed on flowers and pods, particularly the spotted pod borer. Larvae feed continuously within webbed masses of flowers and pods. The present investigation was conducted during Rabi, 2023 at the Student Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, to identify resistant black gram genotypes against spotted pod borer. A total of 28 black gram genotypes were screened under field conditions for spotted pod borer resistance, resulting in the identification of two resistant genotypes with a rating of 3, ten moderately resistant with a rating of 4, ten moderately susceptible with a rating of 7 and five susceptible with a rating of 8, based on a pest resistance per cent. The results also revealed that the genotypes GBG-1 and PU-31 showed the lowest mean number of larvae per plant (2.21 and 2.31, respectively) and lowest pod damage per cent (3.98 and 4.07%, respectively) and were categorized as resistant (R)
Laboratory Evaluation of Some Mineral Oils against Myzus persicae
Get PDFBioassays were conducted to determine the impact of mineral oil on the mortality of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Three concentrations of mineral oil i.e., 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% v/v were used in the studies. The results revealed that the mean mortality of M. persicae varied from 15 to 75%. The results were stastically processed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparisons. This paper highlights the effectiveness of mineral oil in controlling Myzus persicae, by demonstrating its impact on aphid mortality and movement, offering valuable insights for pest management in potato fields
Predicting Insect Pest Outbreaks Using Climate Models and Remote Sensing
Get PDFInsect pest outbreaks threaten agricultural productivity and global food security. Predicting their outbreaks is crucial for implementing effective pest management strategies. Traditional pest control measures often rely on reactive interventions, leading to significant economic losses. However, climate models and remote sensing technologies have emerged as powerful tools for predicting pest outbreaks before they occur. Climate models analyze atmospheric conditions to forecast pest behaviour, while remote sensing provides real-time data on environmental factors influencing pest populations. This paper discusses the integration of these technologies, highlighting key methodologies, case studies, challenges, and future directions in pest outbreak prediction. The findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in developing early warning systems and sustainable pest management strategies
Ichthyofaunal Diversity and Their Conservation Status in River Kuwano, Flowing through District Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Get PDFThe present study was carried out to know the Ichthyofaunal diversity and their conservation status in the river Kuwano, flowing through Balrampur district of Uttar Pradesh. The systematic survey of five sampling sites of the river was conducted once in a month for a period of one year from February 2024 to January 2025. The result of this study revealed the occurrence of 58 species belonging to 36 genera, 20 families and 8 orders. The order Cypriniformes was found as dominated order with 24 species (41.38%) followed by Siluriformes 16 species (27.59%), Perciformes 7 species (12.07%), Ophiocephaliformes 4 species (6.90%), Mastacembeliformes 3 species (5.17%), Osteoglossiformes 2 species (3.45%), Clupeiformes 1 species (1.72%) and Beloniformes with 1species (1.72%). According to IUCN red list most of the species (51) are under least concern (LC), while 5 species including Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Notopterus chitala, Ompak bimaculatus, Ompak pabda and Ailia coila are in near threatened (NT) category and the remaining 2 species Wallago attu and Bagarius bagarius are reported as vulnerable (VU) category. The river Kuwano and its fauna are under severe ecological degradation due to anthropogenic activities, overfishing, illegal fishing approaches, aquatic pollution, siltation, introduction of exotic species of fishes and alien plant species. Thus, there is an urgent need to taking up steps to maintain this valuable river and to conserve the aquatic fauna and flora. The present study will provide base line data and may contribute as skeletal information for future studies of this river ecosystem. Author strongly recommends practical conservation action plan to prevent the Ichthyofauna from extinction
Production, Partial Purification and Antimicrobial Activity of Red Pigment by Serratia marcescens
Get PDFSerratia marcescens are the secondary metabolite for production of red pigment. This pigment is a promising drug owing having antifungal, immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative activity. In given study optimization of LB for maximum yield of pigment production was performed. The pigment produced was partially purified to study its antimicrobial activity. The optimization for pigment production was carried out to increase pigment production using parameters viz; Incubation period, pH, Temperature, Percent inoculum, Oil substrates play a vital role in pigment production. LB media was supplemented with Sesame, Groundnut, Coconut, and Sunflower oil to enhance pigment production. The purity of pigment was checked by TLC and SGC. The partially purified form of the pigment showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus
Occurrence of Minervarya asmati (Howlader, 2011): A New Distribution Record of Meghalaya, Northeast India
Get PDFThe Bangladeshi Cricket Frog (Minervarya asmati), previously recorded in Bangladesh, Manipur, and Mizoram, is newly reported from Shillong and Cherrapunjee, Meghalaya, India. During a herpetological survey in March 2024, three male specimens were collected from paddy fields and ephemeral pools. Morphological traits matched existing descriptions, and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences confirmed species identity with 100% bootstrap support. This finding extends the known range northward by 260 km. With M. asmati, Meghalaya’s amphibian diversity reaches 62 species. The study emphasizes the need for further surveys to document amphibian distribution and assess conservation priorities in the region