UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
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Idiopathic Chylothorax in a Domestic Short-Haired Cat: Diagnosis and Successful Conservative Medical Management
No full textChylothorax is an uncommon but clinically significant cause of pleural effusion in cats, characterized by the accumulation of triglyceride-rich lymphatic fluid within the pleural cavity. A three-year-old male domestic short-haired cat was presented with respiratory distress and open-mouth breathing. Thoracic auscultation revealed muffled heart and lung sounds and radiography confirmed pleural effusion. Ultrasonography revealed that anechoic pleural fluid pockets with suspended internal echoes. Thoracocentesis yielded milky white fluid with a triglyceride concentration (210 mg/dL) exceeding that of serum (65 mg/dL) and a triglyceride to cholesterol ratio greater than 1, together with lymphocyte predominant cytology, confirming a chylous effusion. Rivalta and ether clearance tests were also positive for chyle. No evidence of cardiac disease, neoplasia or trauma was detected, supporting a diagnosis of idiopathic chylothorax. The cat was managed conservatively with repeated thoracocentesis, oral rutin (50 mg/kg body weight), prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg body weight) and antibiotics. Clinical improvement was observed within two weeks, with follow-up imaging confirmed complete resolution of pleural effusion and no recurrence during the subsequent two-month follow-up period. This case highlights the diagnostic importance of pleural fluid triglyceride estimation and supports the effectiveness of conservative management using rutin and corticosteroids in achieving successful resolution of idiopathic feline chylothorax
Foot Health and the Emergence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Citrobacter youngae and Aerococcus viridans in Captive Asiatic Elephants of Central India
No full textFoot affections are a major welfare and health concern in captive Asiatic elephants (Elephas maximus indicus), often leading to chronic pathological lesions. This study aimed to systematically investigate the prevalence of foot affections and characterize the bacterial agents and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in captive elephants across five prominent Tiger Reserves in Madhya Pradesh, Central India. A total of 59 captive Asiatic elephants were screened for various foot lesions, including wounds, nail cracks, and abscesses. Samples (swabs from pus and fluids) were collected and cultured for aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Isolates were identified using the BD Phoenix M50 automated system, and their antimicrobial susceptibility was determined via disc diffusion and automated systems (CLSI, 2018). Pathological lesions, categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, were frequently observed. Among the isolates, 24 were identified as Citrobacter youngae a Gram-negative rod and 6 as Aerococcus viridans a Gram-positive coccus. C. youngae isolates showed significant resistance to several key antibiotics, including Penicillin-G, Amoxicillin-clavulanate, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Clindamycin, but remained sensitive to Piperacillin-tazobactam, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. The Multidrug Resistance (MAR) index for C. youngae was 0.290. A. viridans isolates showed high resistance to Amoxicillin-clavulanate and Ampicillin (MAR index 0.179) but were broadly sensitive to numerous third and fourth-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides
Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing Lactation Traits in Jersey x Sahiwal Crossbred Cattle: Variance Component Estimation
Get PDFCrossbreeding programs enhance dairy productivity by combining desirable traits from different breeds. Accurate genetic evaluation is essential for improving economically important lactation traits in crossbred cattle. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and variance components for 305-day milk yield (305-DMY), total milk yield (TMY), lactation length (LL) and peak yield (PY) using Derivative-Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood (DFREML) method (Meyer, 1998). A total of 4,877 first lactation performance records of Jersey x Sahiwal crossbred cattle, maintained under the progeny testing program in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India were utilized for this study. Six univariate animal models were fitted for each trait by including or excluding maternal additive genetic (m2) and permanent environmental (c2) effects. Selection of the best-fitted model for each trait was based on AIC, BIC and log-likelihood values. The overall least-square means for 305-DMY, TMY, LL and PY were 2276.46±8.57 kg, 2300.23±9.20 kg, 283.93±0.49 days and 10.23±0.03 kg, respectively. The effect of sire, period and season of calving were highly significant (P<0.01) for all traits, indicating the influence of environmental factors on milk production. Direct heritability estimates were moderate to high, with values of 0.50 for 305-DMY, 0.53 for TMY, 0.42 for LL and 0.15 for PY, suggesting substantial genetic variability for selection. Maternal genetic (m2) and permanent environmental (c²) effects had minimal influence on 305-DMY, TMY and LL, whereas individual permanent environmental effects (c2) accounted for 39% of the total phenotypic variance in PY, emphasizing the critical role of environmental management in improving peak yield. These findings emphasize the necessity of selecting appropriate models for accurate genetic evaluations and advocate for an integrated approach that combines genetic selection with strategic environmental management. By optimizing both genetic potential and environmental conditions, this approach ensures balanced and sustainable improvements in dairy productivity, contributing to the long-term success of crossbreeding programs
Antiproliferative Effects of Chlorogenic Acid Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: An In vitro Approach
Get PDFIn recent years, chlorogenic acid has been reported to have multiple biochemical and pharmacological efficacy including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The poor solubility and low bioavailability are the major factors that reduce the therapeutic efficacy of the chlorogenic acid. The present study thus synthesized chlorogenic acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CACNP) using ion gelation procedure and evaluated its antiproliferative effect against Hep-2 cells under In vitro condition. MTT assay, ROS generation assay, MMP assay and Ao/EtBr assays are utilized to validate its antiproliferative potential in Hep-2 cells. CACNP significantly inhibited Hep-2 cell proliferation. The present study thus reveals the anticancer potential of CACNP, which open avenues for further research to assess its anticancer potential In vivo models
Probiotic Intervention in Cyprinus carpio Culture: Evaluating Water Quality Dynamics, Fish Health and Sustainable Pond Management
Get PDFProbiotics are beneficial microorganisms that enhance water quality and improve fish health, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional water treatment methods. This study evaluated the impact of probiotic-enhanced Biofloc technology on the water quality and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Two treatments were compared: T1 (Biofloc without probiotics) and T2 (Biofloc with probiotics) over eight months. Key water quality parameters, including pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and ammonia, were monitored. T2 consistently demonstrated slightly improved DO levels and reduced ammonia concentrations compared to T1, suggesting better water quality stability. Growth performance parameters revealed enhancement in T2. The final body weight of fingerlings in T2 reached 15.50 ± 1.1 g compared to 8.20 ± 1.0 g in T1. Specific growth rate (SGR) was substantially higher in T2 (3.70 ± 0.22 %) than in T1 (2.10 ± 0.15 %), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved from 1.45 ± 0.10 in T1 to 0.80 ± 0.06 in T2. The survival rate was also better in the T2 (93 ± 0.9 %) compared to the T1 (90 ± 1.2 %). The findings indicate a strong positive correlation between the application of probiotic biofloc and enhanced water quality, as well as superior growth performance in C. carpio culture
Comparative Analysis of Mercury Content in Canned Versus Fresh Indian Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacares
Get PDFHeavy metals are categorized into essential and non-essential types, with the latter posing significant risks to human health, particularly Mercury (Hg), a non-essential metal known for its bioaccumulative and toxic nature. Thunnus albacares, commonly known as Yellowfin Tuna, is a high-trophic level carnivorous fish found abundantly in the Indian Ocean, making it a subject of concern for Mercury accumulation. The present study investigates the bioaccumulation of Mercury in the muscle tissue of T. albacares collected from the Mumbai coast, Maharashtra. Using spectrophotometric analysis with Stannous Chloride as the reducing agent, the Mercury content was determined and compared against established safety limits. The results indicate that fresh Tuna had a slightly higher Mercury concentration (0.14 ppm) compared to canned Tuna (0.13 ppm). Both values fall within the internationally accepted safety limit for Mercury in fish (0.3–1.0 ppm depending on guidelines), suggesting that the tested samples are suitable for human consumption. The Mercury in Tuna comes from the environment, where it is released into the water by industrial pollution and runoff from farms. Mercury can then be absorbed by plankton, which are eaten by small fish, which are then eaten by larger fish, such as Tuna. Hence, it’s the need of the hour that the release of Mercury in the aquatic ecosystem needs to be controlled
Effects of Replacing Spirulina for Fishmeal in a Realistic Diet for Litopenaeus vannamei on Its Development and Feed Utilization
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of substituting marine Cyanobacteria species Spirulina sp BDUT005 for fish feed on Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae for a period of ninety days. Four levels of spirulina were utilized (5 and 10%). The experiment was conducted in 12 tanks with 100 L of water. There were three duplicates of each treatment, and each tank held thirty larvae weighing 0.03 g. The shrimp were fed the experimental diets, which contained around 40% protein, twice a day at an initial weight of 14% of body weight. At the end of the trial, the dosage was gradually reduced to 5%. Shrimp growth performance was measured every two weeks. Under these experimental conditions, it was discovered that the treatment in which 10% Spirulina sp BDUT005 was substituted for fish meal produced the greatest results in terms of growth performance and feed utilization
Integrating Molecular Approaches in Taxonomic Study of Family Rhyparochromid (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): A Review
Get PDFThe family Rhyparochromidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) commonly known as Dirt-colored seed bugs, holds over 2000 species globally and is one of the largest families in seed bugs. For a long time, traditional taxonomy has been based on physical traits like body size, wing shape and structure of external genitals or their color patterns. However, depending solely on these morphological features makes it challenging to identify and classify the species. Due to which cryptic species, convergence, and intraspecies variation, diversity and phylogenetic resolution were frequently inaccurate. For instance, the incorporation of molecular tools like DNA barcoding, phylogenetics analysis and CO1 gene as a mitochondrial gene, and ribosomal RNA genes like 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA genes has revolutionized taxonomy and provide insights in species identification and classification. This article summarizes the recent studies on molecular strategies for the taxonomy of Rhyparochromidae, which includes the applications of mitochondrial molecular markers for phylogenetic studies. It presents a more integrative view for analysis by molecular tools to facilitate species delimitation, clarify phylogenetic obscurities and provide information on the previously unnoticed biodiversity. Furthermore, the study highlights the advantages, challenges and future prospective for taxonomy by the incorporation of molecular techniques which aids in classification and identification of species of family Rhyparochromidae
Predicting Body Weight from Body Measurements of Palla Strain of Nellore Sheep Using Ridge and Stepwise Regression Models
Get PDFThe main objective of the research was to estimate body weight of Palla sheep from body measurements using ridge (RR) and stepwise regression (SR) models. Data pertaining to body weight (BW) and eight linear body measurements (BM) specifically body length (BL), height at withers (HW), chest girth (CG), paunch girth (PG), tail length (TL), face length (FL), face width (FW), and ear length (EL) were recorded from a total of 560 Palla sheep in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. The optimal model for predicting body weight was selected based on the variance inflation factor (VIF), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R²). The results indicated that both stepwise regression (SR) and ridge regression (RR) models provided a good fit to the data; however, the SR model demonstrated a marginal improvement over the RR model with a R2 value of 0.932 in predicting Palla sheep body weight from BL, FL, HW and CG measurements. These findings highlight the effectiveness of step-wise regression model in using simple, non-invasive morphometric measurements to estimate live body weight, which can aid in selection, management, and breeding decisions under field and farm conditions
Effects of Agrochemicals on Fecundity, Moulting and Lifespan in Porcellio scaber
Get PDFOne of the most amazing groups of invertebrates to successfully colonize land is the terrestrial isopod. Almost every evolutionary stage that allowed modern species to migrate away from the marine environment and inhabit every type of terrestrial habitat is represented by isopods. Diet, environment, and genetic composition are some of the variables that might affect fecundity, moulting, and longevity and are linked in complex ways. Agrochemicals show detrimental effects on biodiversity, water and air pollution, and soil health disruption. The live specimens were grown in a culture chamber and examined for the impact of agrochemicals on fecundity, moulting, and longevity. Bioassay were studied with agrochemicals like Indofil, 2,4-D, Carbofuran, and Sevin, including 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 ppm. The percentage mortality at various hours was analysed. Lethal and safe level concentration was observed by Probit analysis. The study found that the lifetime of young isopods and those that undergo their second moult varies significantly. Among various agrochemicals, the group of isopod treated with 2,4-D showed a decrease in average fecundity. It was observed that, the difference in Porcellio scaber life time could be due to the effect of agrochemicals on decreasing metabolic rate. While certain agrochemicals have been shown to be lethal, others may have sublethal effects, making their impacts on Porcellio scaber complex