UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
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AI-Driven Pest Detection in Agriculture: Enhancing Accuracy and Processing Speed for Sustainable Crop Protection
No full textPest detection is a critical component of effective crop management and agricultural productivity. Traditional methods of manual pest scouting are time-consuming and prone to human error. The advent of artificial intelligence algorithms has opened new avenues for improving pest detection accuracy and speed, thereby optimising the process. AI-based pest detection systems leverage machine learning techniques to analyse visual data captured by various sensing modalities, such as RGB cameras, multispectral imaging, and hyperspectral imaging. This review examines the current state of AI-based pest detection systems, focusing on deep learning architectures such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and object detection models. The challenges associated with developing robust pest detection algorithms include dataset quality, model generalisation, and real-time performance, which were discussed. Furthermore, the potential of integrating AI-based pest detection with precision agriculture techniques to enable targeted pest management interventions was discussed. Integrating multiple sensing modalities, such as RGB cameras, multispectral imaging, hyperspectral imaging, and acoustic sensors, can provide complementary information for pest detection. Techniques such as attention maps, feature visualisation, and rule extraction can provide insights into the learned features and decision-making process of pest detection models. Participatory sensing and citizen science can foster public awareness and engagement in pest management and support the co-creation of knowledge between researchers and stakeholders. The review concludes by outlining future research directions and the implications of AI-driven pest detection for sustainable agriculture
Species Composition of Earthworms in Tropical Dry Evergreen and Southern Thorn Forests of Kolli Hill, a Part of Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India
No full textAn attempt has been made to study the diversity of earthworms in Tropical Dry Evergreen and Southern Thorn Forests of Kolli hill, a part of Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. The present study was carried out between June 2009 and May 2011. The results revealed that a total of seven species of earthworms belonging to five genera and four families under the class Oligochaeta were observed and recorded in the Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest. Among these, two species belong to the family Moniligastridae, Drawida gracilis Gates, 1925, and Drawida bullata Gates, 1933; three species belong to the family Megascolecidae, Megascolex cochinensis Stephenson, 1915, Megascolex eunephrus Cognetti, 1911 and Perionyx ceylanensis Michaelsen 1903; one species belong to the family Rhinodrilidae, Pontoscolex corethrurus Muller, 1857; and one species belong to the family Octochaetidae, Hoplochaetella stuarti Bourne, 1886. However, of these, only five earthworm species were found in the study area all through the study period, while the other two species such as M. cochinensis and M. eunephrus were rarely encountered. A total of five species of earthworms belonging to four genera and three families under the class Oligochaeta were observed in the Southern Thorn Forest. Among these, two species belong to family Moniligastridae Drawida gracilis Gates, 1925 and Drawida bullata Gates, 1933; two species belong to the family Megascolecidae Perionyx ceylanensis Michaelsen, 1903 and Megascolex bidiverticulatus sp. n. and one species belong to the family Octochaetidae Hoplochaetella stuarti Bourne, 1886. Of the five, only three earthworm species viz., D. gracilis, H. stuarti and M. bidiverticulatus were found in the Southern Thorn Forest all through the study period. Of all the earthworm species the D. gracilis Gates 1925 is reported for the first time in India. The lengthy earthworm M. bidiverticulatus sp. n. is new to the science
Botanical Pesticides: Sustainable Solutions for Eco-friendly Pest Management
No full textRice is of vital importance in India, serving as both a staple food and a key contributor to the nation\u27s economy. Nutritionally, rice also provides protein, essential micronutrients, and fortified varieties that help combat malnutrition. It is integral to Indian cuisine, with dishes like biryani, idli, dosa, and pulao showcasing its versatility. This study evaluates the pesticidal efficacy of Syzygium cumini and Enicostemma hyssopifolium powders in controlling Sitophilus oryzae infestations in post-harvest rice. It focuses on their effectiveness in reducing pest populations, minimising grain damage, and preserving rice quality, while promoting sustainable pest management practices in post-harvest storage. The study was carried out in the Department of Zoology, A.N.D.N.N.M. Mahavidyalaya, Kanpur (UP, India). Syzygium cumini seeds and Enicostemma hyssopifolium leaves were collected and then identified. For the experiment, only fully intact and uninfected grains were chosen. The Silva method was employed to measure the grain\u27s moisture content. The great efficacy of both plants, Syzygium cumini and Enicostemma hyssopifolium, in controlling Sitophilus oryzae infestations in stored rice. They showed significantly reduced grain loss, with the 15 g dose being the most effective. For Syzygium cumini, the 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g doses resulted in 20.91%, 16.34%, and 9.63% losses, respectively, while Enicostemma hyssopifolium showed 21.96%, 18.98%, and 9.84% losses for the same doses. The control group, with no treatment, experienced a 23.07% loss. These results highlight the potential of both plants as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides, reducing pest damage while avoiding the environmental harm, health risks, and pesticide resistance associated with synthetic chemicals. By supporting sustainable pest management, these botanical pesticides contribute to preserving rice quality, food security, and environmental health. As such, the study demonstrates that botanical pesticides are not only a viable and effective solution but also the best method for eco-friendly pest control in rice storage
Study on Clinical Application of Exfoliative Vaginal Cytology in Canine Reproduction
No full textBackground: Exfoliative vaginal cytology because of its simplicity, accessible equipment, and the possibility of getting rapid results could be used as a valuable technique to any reproductive diagnosis in she-dogs. The knowledge of the reproductive physiology of the estrous cycle is important for animal management and to determine the reproductive and productive potential of animals
Aim: The present study aimed to determine the ovulation time in canines.
Place and Duration of Study: Veterinary Clinical Complex, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal, Satara. September 4th, 2024 to February 26th, 2025.
Methodology: We studied 24 bitches through exfoliative vaginal cytology using Giemsa staining method.
Results: In total 24 bitches were studied out of which, natural mating was carried out in 21 bitches whereas in three bitches, artificial insemination with fresh semen was done. Twenty out of 24 bitches were found pregnant upon transabdominal ultrasound one month after mating or artificial insemination. Ultrasonography was conducted one month after the final day of mating to identify early pregnancy through ultrasonographic assessment of the gestational sac, along with the body and head of the fetus in the pregnant bitches. Fetal heart activity was evaluated through ultrasonography, demonstrating the fetus\u27s viability. Additionally, non-pregnancies were verified through ultrasonographic assessment.
Conclusion: Vaginal cytology increases the conception rates in canine by giving an ideal time for mating
Efficacy of Mimosa pudica Methanolic Extract on BPA Induces Benign Prostate Hyperplasia in Albino Mice
No full textBenign prostate hyperplasia is a non-cancerous enlargement of prostate gland normally observed in older men over 60years of age. The present study investigated the effect of Mimosa pudica methanolic extract to evaluate different parameters like Sperm count, Urine volume, Prostate Somatic Index (PSI) and prostate histology on BPA induced BPH model of mouse. The animal groups (3 groups-control, BPA treated and Mimosa pudica methanolic extract treated) were treated for 10 days. In result it was found that the BPA treated group showed significant decrease in sperm count whereas, increase in Urine volume and PSI than the normal control group. After the extract treatment, the 3rd experimental animal group showed significant increase in sperm count and decrease in urine volume and PSI as compared to the BPA treated group. The histological study showed reduction or shrinking enlarged glandular epithelium (GE) and infolding of GE reverse to normal state in the 3rd group which seems to be increased in the BPA treated 2nd group. The increased lumen of excretory duct (ED) due to reversal of infolding of GE is also seen in the 3rd group. BPA is environmental endocrine disruptor which can bring decrease sperm count, increase urine volume and PSI and distort prostate tissue architecture. Mimosa pudica have certain phytochemicals which may have a very positive effect against Prostate enlargement and its negative effect on male reproductive system
Comparative Toxicity of Insecticides with different Modes of Action against the Bihar Hairy Caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua (Walker), an Emerging Legume Defoliator
No full textThe Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua (Walker), is a major defoliator of several crops including blackgram, green gram, castor, sunflower, mustard, jute and mulberry. A laboratory bioassay was conducted during 2024 and September, 2025 using the surface diet contamination method to evaluate the toxicity and speed of kill. Probit analysis revealed significant variation in toxicity among insecticide groups tested. The sodium channel modulator i.e. Cypermethrin 25 EC has recorded the lowest LC₅₀ (23.89 ppm), showing it as the best insecticide for the management of S. obliqua and this was followed by ryanodine receptor modulators like Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Cyantraniliprole 10OD and nAChR allosteric modulator i.e. Spinosad 45 SC. While Flubendiamide 39.35 SC (640.75 ppm) was the least effective, followed by Quinalphos 25 EC and Tetraniliprole 18.18 SC. Further, LT₅₀ values of the above 7 insecticides varied from 1.80 to 7.23 days. Cypermethrin 25 EC has the fastest knockdown effect with the lowest LT₅₀ (1.8 days), followed by Spinosad, Tetraniliprole 18.18 SC and Quinalphos 25 EC (3.74). Among diamides, Tetraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole and Chlorantraniliprole exhibited quicker action than Flubendiamide (7.23 days). Cypermethrin 25 EC was identified as most effective insecticide for S. obliqua management by considering both toxicity and speed of kill. This was followed by Spinosad 45 SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC and Cyantraniliprole 10 OD. Thus 3 different modes of action insecticides are identified for inclusion in IPM programmes for sustainable management of S. obliqua without insecticide resistance development
Valuation of Ant Community Inhabiting Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary, Kalaburagi through Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I Gene
No full textDNA barcoding has been suggested to more precisely identify different organisms. There is a little information on the DNA barcoding of the ant species communities in the Kalaburagi region. Considering this, a study was conducted in 2022-2024 to do DNA barcoding of three ant specimens which were collected from diverse habitat using hand collection, pitfall traps and aspirators inside the Chincholi wildlife sanctuary in Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India. DNA barcoding employs one or more short, standardized DNA segments to identify taxa. COI sequences of ~650 bp were successfully generated for 3 species. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was used to do the phylogenetic connection analysis. The three unique COI gene nucleotide sequences were assigned the accession numbers PX453292 (Camponotus singularis), PX453294 (Crematogaster brunnea), and PX453302 (Monomorium indicum) upon their deposit into the GenBank database. Clustal-W in MEGA 11.0 was used to accomplish multiple sequence alignment, and a neighbour joining tree, maximum likelihood, and phylogenetic analysis were built. The study provides the first baseline DNA barcode reference library for ants of Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary. Additionally, our results are consistent with DNA barcoding of three ant species from various Indian states and foreign nations. This study represents the first record of C. singularis and C. brunnae from Karnataka and offers thorough justification for more wet lab research that supports conventional classification. Thus, the present results validate DNA barcoding as a crucial tool for precise and quick ant identification. A comprehensive study of these areas, extensive sampling of unidentified taxa, and the use of DNA technology will increase the identification of specific species in semi-arid habitats
Comparative Analysis of Variations in Water Quality Parameters in Shrimp Cultivated in Low Saline and Saline Aquaculture Systems
No full textShrimp aquaculture is highly influenced by fluctuations in water salinity, which directly affect pond physicochemical parameters, nutrient balance, and overall shrimp productivity. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of salinity on key water quality parameters in low-salinity and saline shrimp aquaculture systems. Water samples were systematically collected from representative ponds in both environments across multiple culture cycles. Standard analytical protocols were used to assess parameters including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia (NH₃-N), nitrite, nitrate, alkalinity, hardness, and total dissolved solids (TDS). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the most influential variables governing water quality variations. Results revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences in ammonia, TDS, and alkalinity between low-salinity and saline ponds, indicating salinity-driven alterations in water chemistry. PCA identified ammonia, pH, and TDS as the major contributors explaining over 70 % of the total variance among the systems. These findings demonstrate that maintaining optimal salinity and nutrient balance is essential for sustainable shrimp production. The study provides valuable baseline data for developing adaptive pond-management strategies, improving shrimp health, and ensuring environmental sustainability in brackish and low-salinity aquaculture operations
Bubble Test: A Prognostic Indicator to Identify the Lung Maturity in Neonatal Pups
No full textThe present investigation was carried out in P.V.Narasimha raoTelangana Veterinary University, Veterinary Clinical complex, C.V.Sc, Rajendranagar. A total of 12 dogs belonging to five different breeds were selected for the study and was divided into two groups (Group I and II) of six each. The first samples of amniotic fluid from 6 pregnant dogs were collected through amniocentesis on day 63 or the last day of pregnancy. Amniotic fluid samples were analysed for the presence of lung surfactant, using bubble test. Bubble test prognostic indicator in newborns diagnosing death due to Respiratory Disstress Syndrome
Efficacy of Bioagents and Botanicals for the Management of Banana Pseudostem Weevil, Odoiporus longicollis Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
No full textThe banana pseudostem weevil, Odoiporus longicollis (Olivier), is a destructive pest causing significant economic losses in banana cultivation. In response to the environmental and health hazards associated with synthetic insecticides, this study evaluated the efficacy of sustainable management strategies using bioagents and botanicals. A field experiment was conducted over two seasons (2021–2022) in a farmer’s field in Karnataka, India and the experiment composed of seven treatments replicated thrice in randomized block design with 15 plants at each replication. Treatments included soil application of neem cake and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (strain UHSB-END1) at different frequencies, as well as placing B. bassiana-smeared pseudostem traps. Results were compared against a standard chemical check (Carbofuron 3% G) and an untreated control. The most effective treatment was the soil application of B. bassiana at 10 g/plant during the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th months (T₄), which recorded the significantly lowest mean damage grade index (0.49) and the least active weevil life stages of the BPW per plant. This treatment also resulted in the highest bunch weight (17.55 kg) and yield (39.85 t/ha). Placing B. bassiana-smeared cut pseudostem traps (T₅) was also highly effective, demonstrating the highest benefit-cost ratio (4.37) due to its low application cost and strong pest suppression. These findings demonstrate that B. bassiana, applied either as a soil drench or in a "lure and kill" trap system, offers an economically viable and ecologically sound alternative to chemical pesticides for managing the banana pseudostem weevil