UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
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Integrating Artificial Intelligence with Insect Phototaxis: Transformative Innovations in Pest Control
Get PDFPhototaxis or the responsiveness of insects with light stimuli represents an important mechanistic basis upon which pest management methods are approached. Traditional use of phototaxis-based technologies frequently employs merely a light trap for inducing the changing behavioral patterns observed among insects in pest management and the like. A great deal can change with novel approaches such as the application of AI. This paper explores the biological underpinnings of phototaxis, examines both conventional and modern applications of light-based pest control, and introduces the integration of AI to enhance precision and effectiveness. Recent breakthroughs, such as the use of tailored wavelengths of light to target specific insect species, are discussed in detail alongside emerging applications like smart farming systems that employ AI-driven decision-making. Energy efficiency, cost, and environmental impacts are all part of the discussion, making clear that sustainability needs to be found. Furthermore, the research will discuss future research directions in areas such as adaptive light-based traps, real-time monitoring, and AI-based predictive models that may respond dynamically to changing pest behavior and environmental conditions. By fusing insights derived from biological findings with state-of-the-art AI technologies, this paper looks forward to the prospect of presenting revolutionary phototaxis-driven strategies in pest management. The aim is to highlight how these integrated approaches might result in more environmentally friendly, highly efficient, and species-specific pest control methods that align with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Seen through this interdisciplinary lens, this paper contributes to the growing discourse about merging biological knowledge with technological innovation for global agricultural challenges
A Preliminary List of Butterflies (Rhophalocera) from Tala, Raigad, Maharashtra, India
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate butterfly diversity in the Tala region of Raigad district, Maharashtra. The study recorded 41 butterfly species from 29 genera across 5 families. The Nymphalidae family was the most abundant, with 14 genera and 21 species, followed by Pieridae with 7 genera and 9 species, Satyridae with 5 genera and 7 species, Papilionidae with 2 genera and 3 species, and Hesperiidae with 1 genus and 1 species. The results provide important information about the butterfly biodiversity in the area and serve as foundational data for future studies on butterfly populations
Evaluation of Bio-pesticides against Aphid, Hyadaphis coriandri(Das) on Coriander
Get PDFHyadaphis coriandri (Das) is the major species of aphid infesting coriander with a globe-wide distribution. Plant products or bio-pesticides are important alternatives to minimize the use of synthetic chemical pesticides. The present experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2023 at Pt. S.K.S. College of Agriculture and Research Station, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, in RBD design with seven treatments including six bio-pesticides and a popularly used chemical insecticide along with a control (no treatment) replicated thrice.Results revealed that in the evaluation of bio-pesticides against aphid, H. coriandri (Das) azadirachtin 0.15% (1500ppm) @ 3 ml lt-1 was found to be the second most effective bio-pesticide after the recommended chemical insecticide on coriander after both the sprays with highest yield over control (464.33 kg ha-1) and exhibited 76.89 per cent increase over control with an avoidable loss of 24.76 per cent
Influence of Different Amounts of Cranberries (Rubus fruticosus) on Biochemical Changes in Hyperglycemic Rats
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes mellitus, also known simply as diabetes, is a group of metabolic illnesses distinguished by raised blood glucose levels, either because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced or from insufficient production of insulin.
Aim: The present research aims to identify the effect of the varying amounts of cranberries (Rubus fruticosus) on biochemical alterations in hyperglycemic rats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two main groups. The first group consisted of group normal rats (number=6) as control (-). The second group (number = 18) received an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 75 milligrams per kilogram, and those with blood glucose concentrations above 250 milligrams per deciliters have been designated as diabetic. Rats in this main group have been separated into three subgroups: (1) the diabetic rats’ group as a control (+) (number=6) received a basal diet without any treatment; (2) the diabetic group (number=6) received a basal diet + 7% cranberries; & (3) the diabetic group (number=6) received a basal diet + 9% cranberries. Blood has been gathered following twenty-eight days, and serum has been extracted to assess levels, , HbA1c, liver enzymes, renal function, and blood lipids.
Results: Significant differences in glucose levels were observed among all groups. Group 4 illustrated the lowest value in glucose levels. Also, there are no statistical differences in AST and ALT between control (+) and groups 3 and 4. There is no statistical difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among control (+) and group (3). All groups 3 and 4 values showed statistical differences in urea when compared to the control (-) group
Pigeon Droppings as a Cryptococcus Reservoir: A Review
Get PDFCryptococcus neoformans are an encapsulated yeast and causative agent of cryptococcosis in man and animals. C. neoformans has worldwide distribution and infects immunosuppressed individuals, especially those suffering from AIDS. Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the two species of Cryptococcus that are typically linked to human illnesses. It has been identified for its association with bird guano accumulations, particularly pigeon excrement, and has been isolated from various natural sources. The major environmental sources of Cryptococcus neoformans are soil contaminated with pigeon droppings or eucalyptus trees and decaying woods forming hollows in living trees. Pigeon droppings are a suitable environment for the growth of fungi and bacteria. Pigeon guano is a common source for infection propagules of Cryptococcus neoformans and is postulated to play a central role in transmission from the environment to humans. Pigeon dropping consists of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium as well as other minerals. These constituents provide an excellent sanctuary that supports the growth of various microorganisms. The review emphasizes that pigeon droppings are a significant reservoir and spread site for the Cryptococcus neoformans fungus
Replacing Fishmeal with Soybean and Acetes Meal: Effects on Growth Parameters and Survival Rates of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)
Get PDFAquatic foods are increasingly recognized for their crucial role in nutrition and food security, not just as a source of protein. Replacement of fish meal with cheaper ingredients of animal origin in shrimp feed is necessary because of the rising cost and uncertain availability of fish meal. Diets should be prepared with locally available ingredients to make formulation easier and lower the cost of production. The current study evaluates the feed utilization and growth performance of L. vannamei post larvae fed with soybean meal and Acetes meal-based practical diets. A 60-day trial of substituting dietary fishmeal with a mixture of soybean meal and Acetes meal was conducted to assess its impact on the growth performance, survival rate and digestive enzyme activities of Litopenaeus vannamei. Six iso-nitrogenous experimental diets were formulated for this study, each maintaining around 36 % protein level. The control diet (T1) did not include soybean or Acetes meals. The treatment diets contained 1:1 ratio mixtures of soybean meal and Acetes meal replacing fishmeal at 20% (T2), 40% (T3), 60% (T4), 80% (T5), and 100% (T6) levels. These diets were fed to L. vannamei four times daily, depending on their body weight. The data on growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate, specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of L. vannamei were evaluated. The highest weight gain and SGR were observed in treatment T5 compared to other treatments. The higher PER and lowest FCR were recorded in treatment T5. The present investigation revealed that 80% fishmeal replacement with 1:1 soybean meal and Acetes meal significantly improves the weight gain, survival rate, SGR, FCR and PER of L. vannamei juveniles. The study concluded that soybean and Acetes meal can effectively serve as substitutes for fishmeal, promoting the growth and health of shrimp while reducing dependence on traditional fishmeal. This strategy supports environmental sustainability and enhances cost efficiency in shrimp farming
Zebrafish: A Versatile and Efficient Animal Model for Cancer Research
Get PDFZebrafish offer a great platform for investigating important cancer-related pathways, such as those involving oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, because they have about 70% of human genes conserved. The great fertility and quick development of zebrafish embryos and larvae allow for large-scale, economical research, and they provide special benefits including transparency for real-time monitoring of tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Transgenic models, which replicate particular genetic alterations seen in human tumors, and xenograft models, in which human cancer cells are implanted into zebrafish to test treatment efficacy and tumor behavior, are two examples of use in anticancer research. Studies on chemically driven tumorigenesis are additionally backed by zebrafish, which offer information on the development and spread of tumors. Zebrafish have recently emerged as an appealing option in personalized medicine, as customized medication testing and therapy optimization are made possible by patient-derived xenografts. Zebrafish models have drawbacks despite their many advantages, including variations in drug metabolism and the development of the immune system in larvae. However, their usefulness is still being increased by developments in immunocompetent mice, genetic engineering, and imaging technology. Zebrafish have enormous potential for speeding up the development of novel anticancer medications, revealing the biology of tumors, and improving precision oncology as a supplementary system to conventional mammalian models
Harnessing Agrivoltaics for Sustainable Agriculture, Indigenous Ecosystems and Biodiversity in the Himalayan and Gangetic Plains
Get PDFAgrivoltaics, the integration of solar energy generation with agriculture, offers a promising solution for the Himalayan and Gangetic Plain regions in India, where over 500 million people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate change, with average temperatures projected to rise by 1.5–2°C by 2050, leads to erratic rainfall, declining crop yields, loss of biodiversity, and an increasing invasion of alien species. This review aims to assess the feasibility and benefits of agrivoltaic systems in the Himalayan and Gangetic Plain regions for sustainable agriculture, indigenous ecosystems, biodiversity preservation, and the mitigation of alien species invasion. The review found that agrivoltaic systems can help enhance land productivity through dual land use while reducing soil moisture loss by 20–30% due to shading effects. The review indicates that agrivoltaic setups can improve water-use efficiency, which is crucial for water-stressed areas in the Himalayan and Gangetic regions. Furthermore, these systems create microhabitats that promote biodiversity by reducing land degradation and fostering pollinator populations. The broader impact of this review lies in its potential to transform traditional farming by integrating renewable energy, offering farmers an additional income stream with a 30–40% increase in earnings. Additionally, the findings contribute to policy development for sustainable agriculture, climate adaptation strategies, and ecological resilience in fragile mountain and river basin ecosystems. By addressing challenges such as high initial costs, land availability, and regulatory gaps, there is a need for scaling agrivoltaics as a nature-based solution for sustainable development
Sustainable Aqua-Agriculture Production Using a Novel Integrated Recirculating Marine Aquaponics System
Get PDFAquaponics stands as an advancing closed-loop food production method, integrating recirculating aquaculture with hydroponics. This cutting-edge system integrates hydroponics with recirculating aquaculture to develop a sustainable method for food production. The present research is geared towards specific objectives that are pivotal in establishing an integrated technology for aquaculture wastewater treatment and fostering a sustainable hydroponic system. These objectives encompass designing and constructing a small-scale aquaponics system, analyzing the water quality, and evaluating the growth, survival rate, and biochemical composition of both white-legged shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Amaranthus viridis plants. From the experiments, NFT-grown organisms had higher levels of adjacent compounds such as protein (36.31±0.24%), carbohydrate (7.23±0.34%), lipid (1.05±0.12%) and moisture (3.74±0.15%) compared to control. Furthermore, in both culture systems, A. viridis showed higher growth in length (11.4 cm) and weight (<1 g) than the NFT control, which showed higher growth (10.7 cm) and weight (<1 g). Further research and implementation of alternative agricultural methods could increase local food production and keep the industry away from the global food market
Recent Advances in Tick Vaccine Development and Future Prospects
Get PDFTicks are an obligate blood-feeding ectoparasite having significant economic challenges by infesting a range of domestic and wild animals. They rank just behind the mosquitoes as effective vectors for numerous bacterial, viral, protozoan, and rickettsial diseases. This leads to economic losses in the livestock sector. Current methods for controlling ticks primarily rely on acaricides; however, the emergence of acaricide resistance, along with environmental contamination and residues in food products, highlights the need for alternative strategies. Immunization presents a promising, cost-effective, and eco-friendly approach to tick control. A key challenge in development of vaccine is identifying tick’s antigens that play essential roles in survival and reproduction of tick. There have been many studies during the last few decades on finding potent candidate antigen (surface-exposed and hidden) using methods such as expression library immunization (EST), immune mapping, RNA interference, and bioinformatics. This review aims to provide an overview of the current development in tick vaccine. The future prospects include combining tick antigens with different protective mechanisms and pathogen-derived antigens