UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
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Ecosystem-level Impacts of Chickpea Intercropping and Nutrient Management on Phenology, Land Equivalent Ratio and Microbial Populations
No full textA two-year field investigation (2023–2024) was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm, G.D. Goenka University, Haryana, to evaluate the effects of integrated and sole organic nutrient management on the phenology, productivity, and land-use efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under different intercropping systems. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design comprising three nutrient management regimes—sole inorganic (NM₀₀), integrated (50% RDF + 50% vermicompost; NM₀₁), and sole organic (NM₀₂)—and four intercropping combinations: sole chickpea (IC₀₀), chickpea + oats (IC₀₁), chickpea + mustard (IC₀₂), and chickpea + barley (IC₀₃). Results indicated that mustard-based intercropping (IC₀₂) significantly advanced flowering, whereas oats intercropping (IC₀₁) delayed phenological development due to competitive stress. Integrated nutrient management (NM₀₁) enhanced early flowering and improved overall crop performance through balanced nutrient availability and improved soil microbial activity. The highest chickpea equivalent yield (CEY) was recorded in sole chickpea (21.46 q ha⁻¹), followed by IC₀₂ (19.16 q ha⁻¹), while IC₀₃ recorded the lowest yield (9.42 q ha⁻¹). Among nutrient regimes, NM₀₁ achieved the highest CEY (17.64 q ha⁻¹), confirming the synergistic advantage of combining organic and inorganic sources. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was highest under sole chickpea (1.00), with IC₀₂ outperforming cereal-based intercrops. Although nutrient effects on LER were statistically non-significant, the NM₀₁ × IC₀₂ interaction recorded optimal resource utilization. The study concludes that integrating mustard intercropping with balanced nutrient management enhances phenological efficiency, yield stability, and land-use optimization and soil microbial load. These results highlight the potential of integrated organic–inorganic nutrient strategies in developing climate-resilient, resource-efficient, and sustainable chickpea-based cropping systems suitable for semi-arid regions
Isolation and Characterization of Collagen from Cephalothorax of Penaeus
No full textThis study aimed to examine the yield and properties of collagen protein isolated from the cephalothorax of Penaeus monodon. Collagen underwent analysis using gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that collagen comprises α1 and α2 subunits with corresponding average molecular weights. The investigation into collagen solubility revealed that, in the presence of NaCl, collagen exhibited the greatest relative solubility at 2% NaCl (80.20 ± 4.95%). Conversely, solubility diminished with elevated NaCl concentrations. Collagen had the maximum relative solubility at pH 3 (91.32 ± 5.14%), with solubility diminishing at elevated pH levels. FT-IR spectroscopy was employed to contrast collagen with a model molecule. Five wavenumbers in the spectrum for model collagen were identified: Amide A (3,406–3,421 cm⁻¹), Amide B (2,916–2,940 cm⁻¹), Amide I (1,639–1,640 cm⁻¹), Amide II (1,539–1,570 cm⁻¹), and Amide III (1,234–1,250 cm⁻¹). The cytotoxic impact on 3T3-L1 cells was evaluated
Discerning Pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Genotypes for Their Resistance against Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
No full textDuring the Kharifof 2023–2024 and 2024–2025, an experiment was carried out to screen 100 genotypes of pigeonpeas, Cajanus cajan (L.), for resistance to the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera. Pod damage varied with genotype, ranging from 1.25% to 48.00%.ICP 8146-1 had the least amount of pod damage (1.25%), while ICP 1535-1 had the most (48.00%). ICP 7076-1, ICP 13906-1, ICP 10559-1, ICP 7426-7, ICP 9049-1, ICP 9891-1, ICP 11259-1, ICPL 20201-1, ICP 7314-1, ICP 4715-1, ICP 939-1, ICP 4266-1, ICP 16674-1, ICP 655-11 were classified as resistant (R) with 3.75% pod damage (PSR scale of "2). The minimum grain damage was recorded in the genotype ICP 9045-1(1.80%) whereas, highest damage (%) was recorded in the genotype ICP 4029-1, (20.00), followed by ICP 13244-1 (18.87) and ICP 5863-1 (18.71). Genotypes ICP 12515-1(5538.42 kg/ha), ICP 6815-1(4139.62 kg/ha), ICP 9049-1(4005.54 kg/ha), ICP 15185-1(3821.49 kg/ha) and ICP16264-1(3268.92 kg/ha) showed superior performance in yield, along with several other promising entries in comparison to standard check: NA-1, Asha, and IPA-203
Morphological Diversity and Taxonomic Assessment of Trichoptera in Spring-fed Streams of the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India
No full textIn the present study, samples of Trichoptera (Caddisflies) were collected from two spring-fed streams, Khanda Gad (Pauri Garhwal) and Dhundprayag Gad (Tehri Garhwal), located in the Himalayas region of Uttarakhand. For the taxonomic assessment and morphological study, a detailed examination of morphological and meristic features of each collected individual was conducted using a microscope and a hand lens. Structural observations of the specimens were photographed, identified, and validated using a standard key. A pencil drawing of different parts of the head capsule, thoracic sclerites, Labrum, submetum, claws, and anal prolegs was produced, and differences were noted. Based on the differences and examination, a total of 15 species belonging to six families (Hydropsychidae, Philopotamidae, Psychomyiidae, Rhyacophilidae, Stenopsychidae, and Polycentropodidae) were collected and analysed, and it was found that the most dominant family was Hydropsychidae (198 individuals), followed by Philopotamidae (151) and Psychomyiidae (114). Less abundant families included Rhyacophilidae (29), Polycentropodidae (50), and Stenopsychidae (59). The study provides baseline data on freshwater Trichoptera, which serve as indicators of water quality and ecosystem health. It also contributes to the taxonomic knowledge of Himalayan aquatic insects and serves as a valuable reference for future biodiversity and conservation studies, emphasising the ecological importance of Trichoptera
Insecticidal Efficacy of Catharanthus roseus Leaf Extract Against Sitophilus oryzae in Stored Rice Grain
No full textThe present study evaluated the insecticidal efficacy of Catharanthus roseus leaf powder extract against Sitophilus oryzae and its effect on reducing rice grain weight loss. Mortality and grain damage were assessed at different extract concentrations (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 %) over various exposure periods. The mortality rate increased progressively with higher concentrations and longer exposure durations. On the first day, mortality ranged from 4.16 to 22.91 % mortality at 1 and 2.5% cconcentrations with a significant rise by the 14th day (33.33% at 2.5%) and reaching the maximum (43.75%) on the 21st day at 2.5% concentration. Similarly, a notable reduction in grain weight loss was observed in all treatments after 21 days of infestation. The highest weight loss was recorded in the control (25.54 ± 1.198%), while the lowest occurred at 2.5% concentration (11.583 ± 0.27%). Treatments with 1, 1.5 and 2% extracts showed intermediate reductions (15.836 ± 0.15%, 13.52 ± 0.26%, and 12.666 ± 0.27%, respectively). Overall, the findings indicate that C. roseus powder extract exhibits potent insecticidal activity and effectively minimizes grain loss, suggesting a promising candidate for eco-friendly pest management strategies especially in stored grain protection
The Study of Indigenous Ornamental Fish Diversity from Wetland of Manjhaul, Begusarai, Bihar, India
Get PDFThe present study work goals to reveal the status of indigenous ornamental fish diversity of Kanwar wetland of Manjhaul subdivision of Begusarai district in Bihar. A collection of fishes was made from period of January 2023 to December 2023. In this investigation work different types of local fishing equipment’s like jhang, Aanta, Aarsi, Bari, Kanra etc were used by fishermen. Many types of nets of different mesh size as Bag net, Scoop net, cast net and Gill net were used to catch the fishes. In this study 48 type of fishes were informed out of which 26 fish species belongs to ornamental potential. They belong to 7 order, 13 families, 15 genera and 26 species. Cypriniformes was the most abundant fish order represented by 5 families, 6 genera and 9 species. Out of 26 fish species it was observed that 18fish species have high ornamental potential and 8 are of both ornamental as well as nutritional value. The study work shows moderate piscine diversity
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis of Some Vital Structures of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Family: Salmonidae) from Kashmir Himalayas
Get PDFThe study uses Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to analyze the lower jaw and gills of Oncorhynchus mykiss collected from Kashmir\u27s clear mountain streams. A total of eight specimens were analyzed. The high-resolution images provide detailed information about these parts, helping researchers understand their functional adaptations. SEM work on the rainbow trout showed that the lower jaw and gills are finely adapted for feeding and breathing. The lower jaw displays a dense arrangement of teeth: strong forward points grip prey while softer, finer teeth process food. SEM examinations revealed the occurrence of canine teeth, ranging from 11-13 (designated as CT). The mean diameter of a tooth in Oncorhynchus mykiss was relatively small, measuring between about 1 and 2 millimeters. The jaw is divided into a smooth front half and a folded, ridged back half with a central bump or tubercle. The gills (arches, rakers, and filaments) work together to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide. Long, thin filaments arranged in two rows along the arch, forming anterior and posterior hemibranches. Gill rakers (comb-like structures) filter debris to protect the gill filaments. Primary lamellae branch out into many secondary lamellae, increasing the respiratory surface area available to the fish. The study highlights the structural features that facilitate feeding, respiration, and environmental interactions, providing useful knowledge for fish farmers and conservation biologists
Neuropharmacological Evaluation of Aqueous Extracts of Tecoma stans Linn in Mice Models
Get PDFMood disorders such as major depression and bipolar disorder continue to be leading contributors to global morbidity, often resulting in reduced productivity and increased healthcare burden. According to the World Health Organization (2001), only a small proportion of the estimated 450 million individuals affected by mental or behavioral disorders receive adequate treatment. These conditions accounted for 12.3% of the global disease burden, with projections suggesting a rise to 15% by 2020. This study aimed to evaluate the neuropharmacological effects of Tecoma stans flowers in mice, with a focus on validating their traditional medicinal use. The flowers were shade-dried, powdered, and sequentially extracted using solvents of increasing polarity. The aqueous extract was administered orally at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Behavioral assessments focused on antipsychotic and CNS depressant activity, and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. The results showed that the aqueous extract of Tecoma stans significantly reduced amphetamine-induced stereotypic behaviors and increased pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the plant possesses notable antipsychotic and CNS depressant properties, supporting its traditional use in managing neuropsychiatric conditions
Pheromone Mediated Monitoring of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Infesting Cruciferous Crops in Kashmir, India
Get PDFPlutella xylostella, commonly known as the Diamondback moth poses significant challenges to Cole crops, impacting their growth and ultimately affecting yields. Its rapid reproduction coupled with its ability to develop pesticide resistance has elevated the Diamondback moth to a critical concern for farmers and agricultural systems worldwide. The adult population of Diamondback moth was monitored during the year 2023 and 2024 for two cropping seasons (Kharif and Rabi season) at Vegetable Experimental Field, Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-K Shalimar using three different traps (Polyethylene funnel trap, Yellow sticky trap and Water pan trap) lured with two Plutella xylostella synthetic sex lures (Commercial Tapas and SKUAST-K lure).
During the year 2024 in both the Kharif and Rabi season, in all the traps (Polyethylene funnel traps, Water Pan trap and Yellow sticky trap) baited with Tapas lure, the adult moth catch of P. xylostella was highest (26.14, 19.57 and 12.99; and 21.81, 15.24 and 8.66 moths per trap in both the respective seasons) in comparison to adult moth trap catch in year, 2023 (23.81, 17.23 and 10.66; 16.44, 12.05 and 3.26 moths per trap in Kharif and Rabi season, respectively). Similarly, in SKUAST-K lure baited in all the three traps, during both the Kharif and Rabi season, 2024, the trap catch of adult moth P. xylostella was on a higher side (16.57, 12.48 and 6.54; and 12.24, 8.15 and 2.66 moths per trap) in comparison to adult moth trapped during the respective seasons in the year, 2023 (14.23, 10.14 and 4.21; 10.35, 4.81 and 1.54 moths per trap)
Studies on Reference Values of Serum Biochemical Profile in Khillar Breed of Cattle
Get PDFThe Study was conducted on serum samples collected from a total of 329 normal healthy adult Khillar cattle, which includes 251 Khillar bulls reared for bullock cart racing by bull owners and 78 Khillar cows from various villages of central western Maharashtra. Blood samples were collected over the period of two years, covering different seasons. A total 25 serum biochemical parameters were estimated, which include serum lipid profile, liver function parameters, serum enzymes, kidney function profile, electrolyte and mineral profile. Mean reference values of estimated parameters were expressed as mean, standard deviation, range and reference interval (5th to 95th percentile) and as 95 % confidence interval of mean. The reference interval of the tested biochemistry parameters of indigenous Khillar cattle were found to have variation from earlier cited study reports of other descript and exotic breeds of cattle. Further sex differences in the reference interval were compared between Khillar bulls and cows. There was variation the the Reference interval established following the study Reference intervals for certain biochemical parameters, viz. Creatinine, BUN, LDH, ALP, SGPT and SGOT were found to have significant differences. This study is useful for the establishment of normal reference range for various test serum biochemical parameters and can be used for the interpretation of results of serum metabolic and biochemical profile tests for the clinical diagnosis and health management of Khillar bulls and Cows