International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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Goldberger's ECG triad of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
No full textA 48 year old male presented to our institute with the complaints of pedal edema and progressive breathlessness on exertion increasing from New York Heart association class 2 to class 3 for the past 3 months. He did not have any history of fever, chest pain, palpitations, presyncope or syncope, oliguria, cough with expectoration. He did not have diabetes or Hypertensive
Lifestyle Age Related Ophthalmic Diseases: Preventive Strategies from Unani System of Medicine
No full textThe vision is of great importance in day-to-day life. Currently ICMR data shows more than 60% of blindness is due to lifestyle diseases. As longevity of population increases the blindness due to cataract and retinopathy is also increasing.Hence correct diagnosis, advice & treatment in early stage may save money as well as valuable time. Unani system of medicine is found to possess vivid information about the lifestyle leading to healthy living and also the preventive strategies in ophthalmic disease. The lines of treatment with diet, regimen and suitable modifications of lifestyle are promoted as high-end measures for the maintenance of eye health. The detail explanation is in full paper
Adherence to anti diabetic medication among patients attending Government General Hospital, Guntur.
No full textIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in India and the prevalence ever increasing, the need for adherence to medication is vital in management and prevention of complications. Material & Methods: Present study was a hospital based cross sectional study done in Government General Hospital which is a tertiary care hospital located in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Duration of the study was for six months and it was done among patients attending medical outpatient department. Study population was type 2 diabetic patients who were on treatment for more than one year. A total of 300 subjects were selected using systematic random sampling technique. A semi structured proforma was used to interview the subjects. Adherence to anti diabetic drugs was measured using eight item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). Results: Drug Adherence based on the scoring system of MMAS scale found that majority (43.2%) had low adherence followed by 34.3% medium adherence and only 22.5% had high adherence. Association between adherence to medication and glycemic control found a statistically significant association (p<0.0001). Some of the important reasons identified in the present study about non adherence to medication were busy schedule of work (23.5%), forgetfulness (34.2%), felt better with medication (15.6%). Conclusions: A very high percentage of non adherence to medication was observed in the present study
Internal Derangement of TMJ
No full textInternal derangement of temporomandibular joint can be defined asAnteriomedial displacement of disc, associated posteriosuperior displacement of condyle in the closed jaw position.Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a sensitive, complex and highly mobile joint. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a class of degenerative musculoskeletal conditions associated with morphologic and functional deformities that affect up to 25% of the population. The most frequent structural (as opposed to muscular) cause of TMD are the Internal derangement , that involves progressive slipping a displacement of component of temporomandibular joint called articular disc. Because the deranged joint willcontinue to try to function in an impaired manner, so that internal derangement disorder often get progressively worse with time. In the mechanically demanding and biochemically active environment of the TMJ, therapeutic conservative and surgical approaches that can restore joint functionality while responding to changes in the joint have become a necessity
The Relationship of Concha Bullosa with Nasal Septal Deviation and Paranasal Sinus Disease
No full textAims: (1) To find out the incidence of contralateral DNS in relation to concha bullosa. (2) To find out the incidence of PNS disease in relation to concha bullosa.(3)To determine whether there is any statistical correlation of concha bullosa with DNS and chronic sinusitis.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the Department of ENT, Silchar Medical College and Hospital. Study group comprised of 286 patients, from age group of 5 to 65 yrs, with Computed tomography scan of PNS showing one or more of the following findings - concha bullosa, nasal septal deviation, chronic sinusitis. Exclusion criteria included acute Sinusitis, any other anatomical aberration of the nose, prior surgery of nose and/or PNS, faciomaxillary trauma, any growth in the nasal cavity or PNS, patients who could not afford CT scan of PNS. Chi square test and Correlation Coefficient was used to evaluate statistical relevance.
Results: In our study, we found the incidence of contralateral DNS in relation to concha bullosa to be 69.41%, correlation coefficient +1 and p value <0.05. The incidence of ipsilateral PNS disease in relation to concha bullosa was 47.93%, correlation coefficient -1 and p value >0.05.
Conclusion: A positive statistical correlation was found between concha bullosa and contralateral DNS. However the relationship of concha bullosa and ipsilateral PNS disease was not found to be statistically relevant. A review of available literature has shown studies that support our results, however few studies negate it. Further large scale studies are warranted for reaching a uniform conclusion
Hospital Based Study on Etiological and Clinical Profile of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Kosi Region of Bihar
No full textAtrial fibrillation (AF) can cause significant symptoms and diminished quality of life, but, more importantly, is associated with increased risks of stroke, congestive heart failure, and mortality. This hospital based study was carried out on 76 patients to find the etilogical profile and clinical presentation of patients with atrial fibrillation in kosi region of Bihar. Results revealed that Rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, Ischemic heart disease are potential risk factor with various presenting features of patients with atrial fibrillation(AF),mainly palpitation,chest discomfort, dyspnoea & chest pain. Majority of the patients are males and structural heart disease present in 77.63%of patients. This study would help in early diagnosis and possible intervention & prompt treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation
Anatomical bilateral variation in renal artery: a case report of two North Indian cadavers
No full textWith the advent of laparoscopic renal surgeries and donor nephrectomies, it becomes mandatory for the surgeons to understand the abnormality or variations in the renal vasculature. Classically each Kidney is supplied by a single renal artery originate from abdominal aorta below the origin of superior mesenteric artery. Current literature reports great variability in renal blood supply, the number of renal arteries mentioned being the most frequently found variation. The present case report shows bilateral variations of renal artery in 71 and 66 years old male cadavers during routine dissection of abdomen for under graduate students. Right and left double renal artery was arising from abdominal aorta. Awareness of bilateral variations of renal artery is necessary for surgical management during renal transplantation; repair of abdominal aorta aneurysm, urological procedures and for angiographic interventions
Study of Knowledge attitude and perception regarding organ donation among medical students in a Medical College in a south Indian city
No full textIntroduction: :Organ transplantation is the only curative option available for many diseases resulting in irreversible organ-failure. Approximately, 25 different organs and tissues including kidney, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, bone, cartilage, bone marrow, skin and cornea can be transplanted Owing to advances made in immunosuppressant drugs and tissue typing. Objectives:1)To study about the knowledge of the medical students regarding organ donation.2)To study the attitudes of the medical students regarding organ donation. Methodology: study setting: study was conducted at Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad.Study population: medical students of 2009 and 2010 batches were contacted.Study period: December 2012 Sample size: Initially 100 sample was collected. Results:88% were females and 12% were males in the study.89% were muslims and 11% hindus. All the participants of the study said that they know about organ donation. In the study population 99% said they heard about organ donation. Only 35% said their religion allows organ donation.83% of the study population expressedthat there is a need for organ donation laws. In the study group when asked about the attitude towards your organ being donated 26% said they will never consider about organ donation.35% said they will think about it. While 31% said they will donate only under special circumstances and only 8% said that they will donate organ irrespective of circumstances. Conclusions:Its been shown in the study about the gaps in the awareness levels of medical student knowledge about organ donation . These findings draw attention to a need to review medical school curricula to ensure that they contain sufficient teaching on organ donation, with a focus on information needed by physicians to maximize donation rates. This can be utilized as a strategy for the shortage of donor organs for transplantation
Birth companion in Health care settings- Current scenario and Implementation challenges in Tamil Nadu, India
No full textIntroduction: Tamil Nadu, a southern state in India introduced the Birth companion scheme, an evidence-based initiative in all public health facilities and an order was issued to its effect in 2004. Over years, implementation of this successful initiative appears to be deteriorating. Access to birth companions in private health facilities is an area unexplored. This study was designed to assess the current status of access to birth companion and the challenges in implementing the birth companionship system in health care settings.Materials and Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted and one block PHC area from three health unit districts in the state was chosen as study sites. Quantitative data was collected by interviews from 664 women, who had vaginal deliveries in health facilities in the second quarter of 2012. Qualitative component includes interviews with 24 recently delivered women from the study sites and also from health care providers, providing birthing services to women in the study sites.Results: Women universally opted for a birth companion, but only 44 % had access to one. Refusal to permit a birth companion and lack of awareness about the scheme were reasons for not having one in public health facilities, while private institutions as a policy did not allow one. PHCs provided maximum access to birth companions -96%, while the least was Govt Medical college hospitals – 4%. PHC administrators created public awareness and insisted on implementation of the scheme unlike the administrators of other public health facilities. Frequent changing of birth companions, their questioning, conversation with others; poor hygiene and lack of privacy were reasons for not permitting birth companions.Conclusion: Birth companion scheme should be revived in all public health facilities as in the PHCs and introduced in the private institutions also. Health care providers need a change in attitude and permit birth companions into the labour room after counselling them of their roles and responsibilities. Periodic monitoring and reviews by health administrators is essential for sustaining implementation
A Randomized Controlled Trial to assess the Effectiveness of Safety Needles and Cannulas Versus Non Safety Needles and Cannulas on the Incidence of Needle Stick Injuries in a Selected Hospital of New Delhi.
No full textIntroduction: An exposure to infected blood, tissue or other potentially infectious body fluids can occur by either cut/ needle-stick injury or contact with mucous membrane or damaged skin.
The objectives of the study were to assess the incidence of needles stick injuries using safety needles and cannulas and non safety needles and cannulas, and to compare their efficacy. The study even investigated the opinion of the staff nurses in the use of safety needles and cannulas.
Method:A quantitative experimental research approach was adopted using a post test only control group design, were 60 staff nurses were randomly divided into experimental (n1 = 30) (using safety needles and cannulas ) and control (n2 = 30) (using non safety needles and cannulas). A self report questionnaire and opinionnaire on the use of safety needles and cannulas was used for data collection.
Result: Results showed that the incidence of the needle stick injury was 0 in experimental group whereas 0.00021 in control group. With the obtained Fisher’s Exact value the inference was drawn that the use of safety needles and cannulas have shown to be effective than non safety needles and cannulas in reducing the incidence of needle stick injuries. 66.6% staff nurses considered the safety needles and cannulas as useful, 33.4% were uncertain about the usefulness of safety needles and cannulas and none considered safety needles and cannulas as not useful.
Conclusion:Safety needles and cannulas were found to be effective in reducing the incidence of needle stick injuries, and staff nurses considered that safety needles and cannulas were useful. On the basis of the findings of the study, it was recommended that similar study can be replicated on a larger sample