International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Mothers Regarding Oral Health Care of Children from Birth to 5 Years through an Audiovisual Aid
No full textAim: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of mothers regarding Infant Oral health and dental education andto evaluate the effect of audiovisual aid for providing guidance on improving the knowledge and attitude of mothers.Methods: A pretest assessment in form of a questionnaire was completed before and immediately after the introduction of20-minute educational intervention in the form of PowerPoint video presentation. The same set of post test was distributed to mothers immediately after the video. The questionnaire was based on the information presented. This was tocheck whether improving mother’s knowledge thought the presentation.Results: The increase in mean total score from pre to post test was found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). A significant lack of knowledge about infant oral health was indicated by the proportion of incorrect (41%) responses to the questionnaire before the viewing. Significant improvement in knowledge (50%, increased, p < 0.001) was indicated by the proportion of correct responses (91%) following a single viewing of the audiovisual aid.Conclusions: There is considerable lack in the basic knowledge regarding infant oral health in mothers of infants, toddlers and preschool children. Viewing educational PowerPoint presentation with video proved to be effective in communicating and providing mothers with instructive basic information on infant oral health education
Study of Immunoglobulin G Avidity to Herpes simplex 2 in Pregnant Egyptian Women: One Center Report
No full textBackground: Herpes simplex virus is a DNA virus. It has two types herpes simplex 1 and herpes simplex 2. Affection of pregnant women by this virus carries adverse effect to the pregnancy outcomes.Aim: The aims of the current study were to determine the HSV-2 seroprevalence associated with infection among a sample of Egyptian pregnant women, and also IgG avidity index was evaluated to detect early HSV-2 infections. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the presence of viremia among seropositive screened women.Material and Method: The study included 186 pregnant women in the third trimester. Blood samples were obtained for serological studies of herpes simplex 2 (HSV2) by immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG avidity test. Molecular study of HSV2 virus DNA in blood samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: For virological markers for HSV2, the most common marker was positive IgG 26.9%, followed by PCR for HSV2 DNA15.6% and IgM 14%%.None of the patients had any other positive markers for Toxoplasma, rubella or CMV. Study of the avidity index for HSV2 IgG revealed that IgG index was <67% in 30 positive samples (60%) while 20 (40%) samples had an avidity index >67%. In women with bad obstetric history, the most common HSV2 marker was IgG (50%) followed by PCR (30.8%) and IgM. IgG validity index indicating recent infection, i.e. <67% were found in 21.8%. The virological markers for HSV2 were statistically significantly higher in women with BOH compared with women with a normal pregnancy history (P=0. 0001). There was statistically significant correlations between positive PCR results and IgM (65.5%, P=0. 0001), IgG (79.3%- P=0. 0001) and IgG index <67% (48.3%- P=0. 0001).Conclusion: The study highlights that of herpes simplex virus 2 is mundane among pregnant Egyptian women. Avidity test for IgG is valuable for laboratory diagnosis of primary herpes simplex virus in asymptomatic pregnant women. Elongated antenatal screening for herpes simplex 2 by serological markers and avidity IgG should be rigorously implanted in screening program to avert fetal complications
Lymphadenopathy: Differentiation of Benign from Malignant Disease by Color Doppler Ultrasonography Assessment of Intranodal Angioarchitecture
No full textOBJECTIVE: To differentiate reactive from malignant lymphadenopathy by using color Doppler ultrasonographic findings of intranodal blood vessels and compare ultrasonographic findings with biopsy report.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Color Doppler ultrasonography was performed on 60 consecutive patients of cervical,axillary and inguinal lymphadenopathy by high frequency transducer(7-10 MHz) before performance of surgical biopsy and presence of malignant changes in intranodal angioarchitecture was evaluated in each lymph node and compared with biopsy report. Long axis/Short axis ratio was also evaluated.RESULTS : Blood vessels in benign lymphadenopathy were dilated,whereas the vessels in malignant lymphadenopathy were compressed by tumor cells .The malignant lymphadenopathy showed high resistivity index value whereas the benign lymphadenopathy showed low resistivity index value. Malignant lymphadenopathy showed long axis/short axis ratio less than 2 and benign lymphadenopathy showed long axis/short ratio more than 2.CONCLUSION: Color Doppler spectral waveform analysis allows distinction between lymph nodes affected by benign versus malignant processes. When high resistivity index is identified in affected lymph nodes, it is almost always involved by metastasis
Histopathological Spectrum of Prostatic Diseases
No full textProstatic lesions are a common presenting problem in men. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and carcinoma prostate are increasingly frequent with advancing age especially after forty years. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is an important condition that should be diagnosed early for better surveillance. Hyperplasia is not a premalignant lesion, but it may be related to prostate cancer arising in the transition zone. Advancement in screening and detection has resulted in an increase in earlydiagnosis of prostate cancer. The present study was undertaken with the aim of studying the histopathological spectrum of prostatic biopsies.Material and Methods:The present study was a retro-prospective study. A total of 597 prostate specimens in a 2 year period were included. Brief clinical history and physical examination along with other clinical information provided in the requisition form regarding age, type of prostatic biopsy and clinical diagnosis was taken into consideration and recorded in a pre-structured Performa. Written consent was obtained wherever possible.All the specimens were processed routinely. Immunohistochemical markers were used as and when required.Results: Benign lesions included BPH (64.7%), BPH with acute prostatitis (2.4%), prostatic abscess (1.5%), acute on chronic prostatitis (0.17%), BPH with chronic prostatitis (13.9%), BPH with chronic prostatitis with squamous metaplasia (0.17%), BPH with hyperplastic transitional mucosa (0.34%) and granulomatous prostatitis (1.01%). PIN was found in 6 (1.01%) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia in 1 (0.17%) cases. Adenocarcinoma was seen in 87(14.57%) and adeno-squamous carcinoma in 1(0.17%) cases.Conclusion:The commonest prostatic lesion observed was BPH, with a low incidence of prostate cancer. Search for PIN is important especially more so considering the impending risk of malignancy. Prostatic carcinoma is definitely diagnosed by histopathological examination
Single Atrium with Decompensated Congestive Cardiac Failure
No full textOur patient presented with rare congenital abnormality at an adult age with features of Congestive cardiac failure without any endocardial cushion defects and with frequent respiratory tract infections. Awareness of patent foramen ovale and other atrial septal defects helps to arrive at a prompt diagnosis in patient with recurrent respiratory tract infection before the incidence of complications
Morphological variations of suprascapular notch with incidence of suprascapular foramen: An Anatomical study
No full textIntroduction: The suprascapular notch is a depression in the lateral part of superior border of the scapula.The superior transverse scapular ligament bridges the notch and sometimes get ossified to form bony foramen.The suprascapular nerve and vein pass below the ligament andcorresponding artery above the ligament. Variation in the morphology of suprascapular notch is identified as one of the causes of suprascapular nerve entrapment. Rengachary et al., classified the notch into six types, based on its shape.Aim of study:(1)To study morphological variations of suprascapular notch in dryscapulae of South Gujarat (Indian) population. (2) To determine the incidence of completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament(suprascapular foramen). (3) To compare data with studies involving other ethnic populations.
Materials and methods:A total of 200 dry human scapulae were obtained from Departments of Anatomy of three medical colleges of south Gujarat. The type of suprascapular notch was determined as per the description given by Rengachary et al. The results of the present study were compared with the results of previous studies in different populations.Results: In my study, out of 200 scapulae, 12 (6%), were identified to have completely ossified supra scapular ligaments(Type VI). The frequencies of various types of suprascapular notches were:Type I -26%, Type II -37 %, Type III -20%, Type IV – 4%, Type V -7 %, Type VI -6%.
Conclusion: The suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome, in most cases is due to morphological variations of suprascapular notch particularly complete ossification of supra scapular ligament. So the knowledge of such variations is essential for clinicians, to make a proper diagnosis of shoulder pain and to plan the most suitable surgical intervention
Relation of Axial Length with Corneal Curvature of the eye in adult subjects with refractive error
No full textBACKGROUND: The second most common reason for blindness worldwide is refractive error. Not only is the global burden of refractive error very high, but also increasing day by day. A number of associated serious complications and the various modes of treatment aspect of the refractive errors warrant the necessity to explore the various factors that have impact on them. The present study was done with the purpose of establishing the relation of axial length with corneal curvature of the eye in adult subjects with refractive error.
MATERIAL & METHOD: This study was done on one thousand eyes, of five hundred adult cases, over a total period of 2 years. The cases included were of both sex’s, male & female, taken from Patiala and around Patiala. The subjects were recruited on the basis of inclusion criteria: refractive error- myopia and hyperopia & age between 20-40 years. The subjects in our study included students of M.B.B.S. (Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery) & B.D.S. (Bachelor of Dental Sciences) and routine OPD (Out Patient Door) patients falling in the range of concern of my study. The instruments used in this study were: Autorefractor, A-Scan Ultrasound Biometer and Autokeratometer for measuring refractive error, axial length and corneal curvature respectively. Each subject was explained thoroughly about the whole procedure. Their informed written consent was also taken. Detailed relevant information & general examination was done in each and every case. Thereafter local examination was done & the two concerned ocular parameters were recorded, all as per Performa.
AIM: The aim was to find in the subjects the type & degree of refractive error and axial length & corneal curvature and then to find the relationship in between the two concerned ocular parameters.
RESULTS: Statistical analysis was done of the data obtained. The results of our present study have showed that the right eye axial length has highly significant negative correlation with right eye corneal curvature (r = -0.418, p<0.01) and left eye axial length has highly significant negative correlation with left eye corneal curvature (r = -0.405, p<0.01). It means that as we progress from myopic to hyperopic refractive error, accordingly the axial length decreases & corneal curvature increases.
CONCLUSION: In myopia or shortsightedness, image is formed in front of retina. Increase in myopic refractive error is found to be in close association with elongation of eyeball or increase in axial length and decreased corneal curvature. In hyperopia or longsightedness, image is formed behind the retina. Shortened axial length & increased corneal curvature of the eyeball is found to be closely associated with hyperopia
A Prospective Open Label Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Olive Oil in Cases of Gall Stone
No full textIn the diseases of Gall bladder, Gall stones are the commonest biliary pathology which is characterized by right hypochondriac region pain and heaviness, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting. Usually they are multiple and small in size but some time it may be single and bigger in size. Most of the times gall stones remains asymptomatic for many years, Gall stone are classified according to their chemical composition into cholesterol stones, mixed stones, and pigmented stones. Incidence of gall stones-A Fat, Fertile, Flatulent Female of Fourty is the classical sufferer from symptomatic gallstones. Useful as is this clinical memorendum, it should be tempered with knowledge that gallstones occures in both sexes quite often at a much earlier age-even in childhood-and is more common in middle and old age. The concept of Hisat-e-Mararah is since “Greco Arab periods” . Unani physicians Razi , Avicenna, RabbanTabriand Hakim Kabiruddinhas mentioned formation of Hisat-e-Mararah. According to them there are so many factors responsible for it like Farbahi(Obesity) also called Saman-e-Mufrit, Ziabitus-e-Shakri (Diabetes Mellitus) ,Mani-e-Hamal advia(Contraceptive pills) reduces level of Hamiz-e-safra(Bile acid) and it helps in the deposition and formation of Hisat-e-Mararah.
Roghan-e-Zaitoon(Olive oil) is effective in dissolution of gall stones andhas been used in the management of gall stone since long time. Roghan-e-Zaitoonis an extracted oil of fruit Zaitoon (Oleaeuropaealinn) ,the trees of Zaitoon found in Asia, Turkey, Unan, Portugal, Spain, Italy, South Africa, North America, Philippine, Balochistan. According to The Holy Quran, Zaitoon tree is an oldest tree in the history of Islam and it is sign of piece also. Research shows that Roghan-e-Zaitoon has two constituent one is lunin and other is palmetin and they works same as Ursodeoxicholicacid which dissolved gall stones. The drug needs scientific evaluation to prove its efficacy and safety in the management of Hisat-e-Mararah
Herbal Approach to Control Human Helminthiasis through Immunomodulatory Effect of Indian System of Medicine: A Review
No full textThis review summarizes human infections caused by endoparasites, including protozoa, nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes, which affect more than 30% of the human population, and medicinal plants of potential use in their treatment. Modern synthetic medicines are very effective in curing disease but also cause a number of side effects. Parasites have been of concern to the medical field for centuries and the helminthes considered causing considerable problems for human beings and animals. A large number of medicinal plants are claimed to possess anthelmintic property in traditional system of medicine and are also utilized by ethnic groups worldwide. Therefore parasites sometimes become resistant to the available synthetic therapeutics, it is important to search for alternative sources of anti-parasitic drugs. Plants produce a high diversity of secondary metabolites with interesting biological activities, such as cytotoxic, anti-parasitic and anti-microbial properties. Identified several medicinal plants used in Indian System of medicine to offer a chance to develop new drugs against parasitic disease. In literature many plants have been listed having immunomodulatory effect and some have been proved by using modern scientific methodologies. This Article include review of Allium sativum (Lasun), AsparagusRacemose(Satawar), AzadirachtaIndica(Neem), Curcuma Longa (Haldi), Ocimum Sanctum (Tulsi), Phyllanthusemblica (Amla), Tinosporacordifolia having Immunomodulatory property which are being used in various formulation in Indian system of medicine. 
Role of Computed Radiography, 2-Dimensional Computed Tomography and 3- Dimensional Reformatted Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Craniofacial Trauma.
No full textOBJECTIVE:. To determine the etiology and severity of craniofacial trauma and to classify the craniofacial fractures with respect to frequency of their relative occurrence and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Radiographs, two dimensional Computed Tomography.three dimensional Computed Tomography in craniofacial injuries and related intraparenchymal pathology.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 consecutive patients were evaluated from November 2011 to October 2013 on high frequency Computed Radiography machine and 16-slice multidetector computed tomography(MDCT)who presented to casualty with history of craniofacial truma, at NKP Salve Institute Of Medical Sciences and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital Nagpur.
RESULTS: Maximum number of patients were in the age group of 21-30 years (39%)) with mean age of 28.5 years. There was male preponderance (85%) as compared to females (15%). Commonest mode of injury was Road Traffic Accident, accounting for 73% cases. Maximum number of facial fractures were noted in maxilla. Maximum cranial bone fractures were seen in temporal bone. Commonest intracranial pathology was subarachnoid hemorrhage which was more commonly seen in frontal region.
CONCLUSION: Very high number of young male patients were involved as compared to female patients . Two dimensional Computed Tomography was 100% sensitive and 100% specific in detecting the craniofacial fractures and associated injuries. The sensitivity of Computed Radiography for detecting facial fractures was 54.05% and for cranial fractures was 19.5%.The sensitivity of three dimensional Computed Tomography for detecting facial fractures was 98.9 % and for cranial fractures 93.8%.