International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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Prevalence of Insomnia in patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A cross-sectional study from selected region of Hamirpur, India
No full textDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14012927
This cross-sectional survey was conducted over the course of a year in 2021 among people of the Indian city of Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, with participants selected by a convenient sampling procedure. Patients who did not use any form of medicine for their sleep problems were eligible for inclusion, but those who already had sleep disorders and used sleeping pills or psychoactive substances, or had a serious mental disease and drug addiction were excluded. Ultimately, 50 was selected for the research. Each participant completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaire, which consists of five items with a total score ranging from 0 to 28. This study found that individuals had an ISI of 13 ± 6.2 before and 21 ± 2.2 after CABG. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research to describe the prevalence of insomnia in patients undergoing CABG in this population/region. According to our findings from comparing the Insomnia Severity Index, severe problems were previously documented in patients undergoing CABG. It is because the worry of a heart attack might occur at any time prior to the CABG. After the CABG, the blockage issue in the heart attack incidence were eliminated, and the assurance of life felt rose, thus severe sleeplessness decreased significantly over time
Assessment of the Knowledge and Perception of Sex Education among School Adolescents studying in Marathwada region, Maharashtra, India: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11299715
Implementing sex education in schools can provide several benefits to teens. Implementing sex education in schools empowers youngsters to make informed decisions in their lives. Research indicates that sex education reduces teen pregnancy rates, provides accurate information, and decreases HIV, AIDS, and STD infections among teenagers. Therefore, sex education promotes healthy teen sexuality. A cross sectional analysis was carried out to study students' perspectives on sexuality education in secondary schools. The analysis was conducted from December to March, 2023 among school-going adolescent adolescents in class 9-12th class in two private English-medium schools located in Urban area, but the participants are lived in urban as well as rural areas. opinion of participants and their parents about the receiving the sex education in school education. At the age of 15 the participants highly opted the Don’t know 50 (12.5%), at age 16 higher opted were Yes (%), at the age 17 higher opted were Yes 104(26%) and at the age 18 higher option were Yes 105(26.25). The gender variable Males 240opted Yes 60% and females opted Yes 147 (36.75). Parents of participants Males were opted yes 390 (97.50) and 301(75.25) female opted yes. The age group 15-18 for choice for receiving sex education in school is good 296 (74), in terms of gender total 387 (96.75%) were chosen the sex education in school. As per residence total were 337 (84.25) and parents opted yes for sex education in school were 86.375%
Family support and self-care in the management of diabetes patients’ perspectives from Pettah region of Indian state of Kerala
No full textDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14012713
Patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited using convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria included being above the age of 30, having Type 2 Diabetes and being willing to be interviewed/recorded on hospital wards. Patients with other forms of diabetes, pregnancy, and cognitive impairments such as dementia, as well as inability to speak Marathi, Hindi, or English, were excluded. Twenty eligible patients (18.01%) accepted to participate. Men made up 70% of the research participants, women 30%; 60% of the participants were between the ages of 41 and 50; 85% of the participants were married; and 50% of the participants had finished lower secondary and secondary school (grades 11 and 12). Of the patients, the majority (55%) lived in joint family. The involvement of family in daily life routines significantly enhances the management of chronic conditions. As a result, self-care behaviors such as dietary management, exercise, medication are eventually developed. Participants responded positively about their family support. Older persons were happy and grateful to receive the family support. Most of the Female participants were unhappy with the support from husband and other family members
Organ Donation awareness among farmers of selected rural area of Andhra Pradesh
No full textDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14525089
The study designed to analyze the knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation among farmers and laborers in Andhra Pradesh. Health care workers play an important role in educating and raising awareness about organ donation in a community. In our research of 465 individuals, 136 were female and 329 were male. This cross-sectional survey successfully assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and desire to donate organs. We checked Attitude and the willingness of organ donation by the question Whom would you like to donate to farmers in responded Family member 119 (39.66%) and Laborers 75 (45.45%) and the organ donation to “Any Religion”, farmers responded 50 (16.66%) and Laborers 33 (20%). As an Indian citizen with a social obligation to society to assist better people's lives, I checked this criterion using the question Should organ donation be promoted? Farmers opted YES 269 (89.66%), while laborers voted NO 132 (80%). In question: Have you ever donated blood? Farmers 190 (63.33%) chose yes, while laborers 74 (44.84%) chose no. Response to the question "Do you think it's important to bury my body "whole"? 179 (59.66%) farmers and 119 (72.12) laborers said YES. Organizing campaigns and activities to raise awareness about organ donation can assist farmers and laborers improve their knowledge and attitudes
Vitamin A deficiency and Ocular manifestation among rural children aged 6-15 in Tajikistan
No full textDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11220533
Vitamin A deficiency is major concern especially for the children living in developing countries. According to UNICEF, around one-third of children do not receive adequate Vitamin A supplementation. The present study focuses on Vitamin A deficiency and Ocular manifestation among rural children aged 6-15 in Tajikistan. Anemia is a major public health concern among women of reproductive age (WRA) and is associated with high maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. This community-based cross-sectional study was done vitamin A deficiency survey of children aged 6-15 in Tajikistan (rural areas).
The study included a sample of children of mixed socio-economic status who reside in municipalities of high social vulnerability located in Tajikistan. The sample size studied in this survey was 276 children of aged 6-15 years, prevalence of vitamin A deficiency at 95% confidence level. In the current research, 169 (61.23) children had vitamin A deficiency, with anemia in 154 (55.79%) of them, iodine deficiency in 193 (9.92%), conjunctival xerosis in ocular manifestations, 0.36% of Bitot's spots, corneal xerosis in 1.08%, and keratomalacia missing
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics and effect of Smoking Cessation on WBC and platelet indices: a retrospective study
No full textDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11144421
The aim of this study was to assess the values of mean platelet volume (MPV) in regular smokers and the effect of smoking cessation on WBC and MPV. The study included 46 regular smokers (mean age: 36.4 + 9.6 years). Smokers were chosen among those who had visited a smoking cessation outpatient clinic from August 2021 through March 2022. 40 out of 46 frequent smokers were successful in quitting. Platelet indices, including MPV, platelet count, platelet distribution width (PDW), and white blood cell (WBC) count, were assessed per months following smoking cessation in 40 subjects and compared to their baseline platelet indices. There were no statistically significant differences between the Smoker and control groups with respect to age, gender, BMI19.2/20.9, SBP 132/129.9, DBP 79.6/78.3 and levels of glucose higher in smoker group (102.8 ± 10.3/96.3 ± 10.9), creatinine 0.91±0.11 / 0.8 ± 0.2, total cholesterol 186.2 ± 36.9/196.5 ± 21.3, triglyceride 147.7±78.2/150.3 ± 73.8, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 111.6±39.2/123.8 ± 30.6, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 42.9±10.0/45.9 ± 9.6, WBC 5.99±7.2/5.62 ±6.50, haemoglobin 14.9±1.0/14.2±1.5, The MPV values were significantly higher in smokers than those of controls (8.02 ± 0.72/7.50 ± 0.32) and PDW 15.1±1.3/15.2±1.6. Platelet count was higher in the control group 225.6 ± 32.0 than Smoker group 191.9 ± 40.2 but the difference did not reach a statistically significant level. By emphasizing the connection between smoking, platelet activation, and cardiovascular diseases, can contribute to increasing the motivation for smokers to make the decision to quit and ultimately improve their overall health and well-being.
AI applications in healthcare and medicine: A brief Strategy and applications
No full textDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11353521
Advancements in AI technology are transforming healthcare and education. This article analyzes the influence of AI in different industries and discusses its advantages in various fields, such as health care administrative, medicine, robotics for surgery, drug discovery, patient care. AI-powered predictive analytics can improve the accuracy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of disease diagnosis and laboratory testing. In this article, we survey the current status of AI in healthcare, as well as discuss its future. The focused question explores the impact of applying AI in healthcare settings and the potential outcomes of this application. This article highlighted the applications and importance of artificial intelligence in the healthcare sector. AI in healthcare includes medical diagnosis, patient monitoring, and administrative applications. We believe that AI will play important role in future healthcare goods. Precision medicine, powered by machine learning, is a critical improvement in healthcare. These artificial intelligence/machine learning algorithms have played critical roles in critical medical applications. Successful integration of AI in healthcare is expected to improve patient outcomes, efficiency, and access to individualized, high-quality care. AI has great potential, it is not meant to replace healthcare professionals
Recent Advances in the development of Modified Release Tablets by amalgamating both Solubility Enhancement and Polymer Matrix Sintering Technologies.
No full textBackground: The fact that about 90 % of newly discovered API’s or new molecular entity(NME) have little or no aqueous solubility, causes a significant protest to the initialization of development and their scale up of dosage form in the Pharma Industry. Aqueous solubility of API’s has critical role in drug dissolution or availability of drug at the site of action or bioavailability, when a dosage form is administered orally.
Objective: The object of this study is to formulate a modified release tablet dosage form of a poorly aqueous soluble drug, which not only have higher aqueous solubility or bioavailability but also have sustained release characteristics with high mechanical strength &their commercial viability. Numerous techniques are available for the solubility enhancement but all individual techniques have its own limitations for commercialization.
Method: Aqueous solubility of drugs is improved by the known Solubility enhancement techniques like Micronization &Solid dispersions. After successful solubility enhancement, sustained release or modified release tablets of poorly aqueous soluble drug can be easily formulated into a suitable shape or size by using a known Polymer Matrix Sintering Technology with commercial feasibility. Micronization of poorly water-soluble drugs can be performed by Air Jet Mill or Ball Mill. Whereas Solid dispersion technique involves, molecular dispersion of poorly soluble drug in a suitable inert carrier, to form an amorphous and highly soluble compounds. Sintering Technology is defined as the bonding of adjacent particle surfaces in a mass of powder, or in compact, by the application of heat. Conventional sintering technique involves the heating of compact at a temperature below the melting point of the solid constituents in a controlled environment under atmospheric pressure.
Results: Enhanced solubility of poorly soluble API’s by these proposed techniques is due to either conversion of crystalline compound in to amorphous form or reduction of particle size to its molecular level by the application of Micronization or solid dispersion techniques. The developed modified release tablets will show a sustained release characteristic due to Sintering aspect and provides enhanced solubility of BCS class II or IV drugs.
Conclusion: Novel modified release tablets have been designed through consolidation of Solubility enhancement and Polymer Matrix Sintering technologies. Simultaneous exploitation of well-known and established approaches- Micronization (optimum particle size reduction) or solid dispersion, optional surfactant and Polymer Matrix Sintering Technique in the recent concept, produces significant enhancement of solubility of poorly water soluble API’s without compromising the content uniformity of dosage form and also provide a modified or sustained release characteristics with high mechanical strength. The release profile of drug can be easily tailored by using combination of both techniques where challenges of low solubility are prominent
Prevalence and determinants of tobacco consumption among construction workers in Latur city of Maharashtra
No full textBackground- To date, studies on tobacco product use among construction workers have been limited to overall estimates of use and to address this point we have analyzed this study from 2021-2022. The present study was carried out to assess the use of tobacco in various groups of people of different age, sex, and education in construction workers in Latur city of Maharashtra state in India and to elicit awareness regarding ill effects of tobacco use.
Methods and Findings. We did a cross-sectional survey among the construction workers were analyzed period of 2021–2022 in Latur city of Maharashtra. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1500 construction workers. Pre-tested interview schedules were used by trained field investigators to collect information on tobacco use.
Results. Tobacco use was significantly associated with age, gender and educational status of the respondents. The study population comprised of 1500 people between the age group 15 and 75 years, out of which 1400 (93%) were males and 100 (7%) were females.
Conclusions. The study concludes a need for awarenes, education and communication, health camps focusing on the adverse effects of tobacco use
Assessment of the attitude regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among B.Sc. nursing students in selected nursing colleges of Shimla: A quasi experimental Study
No full texthttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7904665
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders that affecting women in reproductive age. Incidence rate is about 5% to 10% in this age group. Nurses are in a position to improve attitude of individuals affected with the syndrome, soenhancing the attitude of nursing students regarding PCOS will help to modify attitude of general population. Aim of the study was to improve the attitude of B.Sc. Nursing students regarding PCOS.Quasi experimental research approach,non-randomized control group pre-test- post–test design was used.80 B.Sc. Nursing students were selected by using purposivesampling technique.Likert scale was used to collect the data from the samples.Result of the study revealed that in experimental group, mean pre-test attitude score was 54.70,more than half 75 % of the nursing students had unfavorable attitude, 25%had moderately favorable attitude and none of them had favorable attitude, Mean post-test attitude score of B.Sc. Nursing students was 93.72, none of the nursing student had unfavorable attitude, 15% had moderately favorable attitude and 85% had favorable attitude. In comparison group, Mean pre-test attitude score of B.Sc. Nursing students was 55.22, more than half of the nursing students 87.5% had unfavorable attitude, 12.5%had moderately favorable attitude and none of the nursing student had favorable attitude, Mean post-test attitude score of B.Sc. Nursing students was 55.20, more than half of the nursing students 87.5% had unfavorable attitude, 12.5%had moderately favorable attitude and none of the nursing student had favorable attitude