International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Enhancing Wheat Yield and Economic Viability in Subtropical Rainfed Agriculture through Combined Herbicide Application
No full textThe management of weeds remains a critical aspect of agricultural production, particularly in rainfed subtropical regions where weed pressure can significantly impact crop yield and economic returns. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined herbicide applications on both the yield and economic viability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in subtropical rainfed agricultural systems. Field trials were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons, employing a randomized complete block design with four treatments: (1) pre-emergence application of herbicide A, (2) pre-emergence application of herbicide B, (3) combined pre-emergence application of herbicides A and B, and (4) control (no herbicide application). The study assessed various parameters including weed density, wheat yield, and economic returns. Results indicated that the combined pre-emergence application of herbicides A and B significantly reduced weed density compared to individual herbicide applications and the control, consequently enhancing wheat yield. Furthermore, economic analysis revealed that the combined herbicide treatment resulted in the highest economic returns compared to individual herbicide applications and the control, indicating its economic viability in rainfed wheat cultivation in subtropical regions. These findings underscore the importance of integrated weed management strategies, particularly the judicious use of combined herbicide applications, for optimizing wheat yield and economic sustainability in subtropical rainfed agriculture
Effect of Organic Sources of Nutrients on Yield, Quality, Soil Fertility Status and Economics of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
No full textAn experiment was carried out to study the effect of organic sources of nutrients on yield, quality, soil fertility status and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.) at Horticulture Research Farm, College of Horticulture, AAU, Anand during the three consecutive years 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and ten treatments viz., T1:RDF 100:75:75 NPK kg ha-1 (control), T2:100 % N from FYM, T3:100 % N from Vermicompost, T4: 100 % N from Castor cake, T5:75 % N from FYM + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1, T6: 75% N from VC + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1, T7: 75% N from CC + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1, T8: 50% N from FYM + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1, T9:50% N from VC + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1, T10: 50% N from CC + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1. Soil application of 75% N from VC + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1 (T6) and 75 % N from FYM + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1 (T5) recorded significantly, higher bulb yield (467 and 417 q/ha) and also increase organic carbon as well as soil microbial population. Higher net return (₹445672 ) was observed in T6 whereas maximum BCR (5.96) recorded in T5
Yield and Bio-Chemical Parameters of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) and Consequences of Saline Irrigation Water on It
No full textAt Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science a pot experiment was conducted during the rabi, season of 2017-18. Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science situated at College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat. The objective of the study is to assess the consequences of saline irrigation water on yield of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) varieties. The study also possess the growth and nutrients composition of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) varieties and effect of saline irrigation water on it. Four levels of salinity are contained viz., < 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1. GJWO-3, GJRO-11, Talaj red, Pilli patti and PWF-131 these five varieties comprised in factorial completely randomized design with three replications. It found that the yield of chlorophyll a (5.77 mg/gf.wt), chlorophyll-b (4.22 mg/gf.wt), and total chlorophyll were significantly influenced by different levels of salinity, whereas; yield of fresh straw (37.03 g/pot), bulb (37.49 g/pot), RWC, proline (0.96 µmole/gf.wt), were significantly influenced among different varieties of onion tested
A Mechanistic Action of Salicylic acid on Metabolic Profiling, Antioxidative Potential, and Growth Pattern of Amaranthus hybridus
No full textThis study has been conducted to investigate the effects of salicylic acid application on the growth and biomass of Amaranthus hybridus. The crop was grown in pots during July-August 2023, under natural weather conditions in the botanical garden of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Different doses of SA (0.69 ppm – 13.8 ppm) was sprayed on the shoot of the plants. Compared to the control group, SA application at 0.69 ppm, 1.38 ppm, and 2.76 ppm showed increased growth and yield of the plants. SA applied at 1.38 ppm concentration, particularly, gave maximum increments in the length and biomass of the crop. SA application reduced the formation of oxidative stress markers (H2O2, SOR, MDA) by increasing the activities of antioxidants like SOD, POD, APX, total phenol, and proline. Salicylic acid treatment also increased the nutritive value of the crop by increasing the level of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and protein, while reduced the levels of oxalic acid. The photosynthetic efficiency of the PSII was strengthened better with 1.38 ppm SA application by increasing chlorophyll content, allocation of absorbed light energy to drive the photochemical process, and quenching of the heat energy. The metabolic profiling via UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS revealed increase in the number and proportion of secondary metabolites belonging to phenolic, alkaloids, terpenoid, flavonoids, betalains, and coumarins group by 240%, 127%, 37%, 182%, 83%, and 90% respectively. Hence, 1.38 ppm of SA has been considered as the suitable dose for spraying on Amaranthus hybridus for increased growth and biomass
Effect of Boron Fertilization and Boron Enriched Organic Manures on Yield Boron Use Efficiency and Nutrient Uptake by Tomato in Coastal Soil
No full textBoron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, playing a pivotal role in various physiological processes within the plant. In tomato cultivation, maintaining adequate boron levels is crucial for achieving optimal yield and quality. However, due to factors such as soil type, environmental conditions, and plant genetics, boron deficiency or inefficient utilization often poses challenges for growers, leading to reduced productivity and economic losses in coastal regions of Tamilnadu. This study investigates the effect of boron fertilization and boron enriched organic manures on yield boron use efficiency and nutrient uptake by tomato in coastal soil. A field experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Varagurpettai coastal village, near Chidambaram in Cuddalore district of Tamilnadu, during July-November, 2022 using tomato variety NTH-777 as test crop. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture and taxonomically classified as Typic Ustifluvent with pH-8.39, EC-4.07 dSm-1 and analysed low status of organic carbon (2.47 g kg-1). The soil analysed low in alkaline KMnO4–N (145.71 kg ha-1) and Olsen-P (10.57 kg ha-1) and medium in NH4OAc-K (157.42 kg ha-1). The available hot water soluble B content (0.27 mg kg-1) was also low in soil. The various treatments imposed in the study included T1–Control (RDF alone/100% NPK), T2–RDF + Composted coirpith (CCP) @ 12.5 t ha-1, T3–RDF + CCP + Borax (B) @ 10 kg ha-1 through soil application (SA), T4–RDF + CCP + Borax (B) through foliar application (FA) @ 0.5% twice @ pre flowering stage (PFS) and flowering stage (FS), T5–RDF +CCP + Borax (SA) + (FA), T6–RDF + CCP + Borohumate (BH) @ 15 kg ha-1 soil application (SA), T7 –RDF + CCP + Borohumate (FA), T8–RDF + CCP + Borohumate (SA) + FA, T9–RDF + Borax Enriched Composted coirpith (BECCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 (SA), T10–RDF + Borohumate Enriched Composted coirpith (BHECCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 (SA), T11–RDF + BECCP (SA) + Borax (FA) and T12–RDF + BHECCP (SA) + Borohumate (FA). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The results of the field experiment clearly indicated that integrated application of NPK fertilizer along with B enriched organic manures + biofertilizer and foliar spray of borohumate (BH) positively increased the growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake by tomato. This treatment recorded the highest agronomic efficiency (4.10 t kg-1), agro physiological efficiency (20.45 t kg-1), apparent recovery efficiency (43.45%), physiological efficiency (14.30 t kg-1) and boron use efficiency (410.34). This research contributes to the development of boron utilization dynamics and this study paves the way for future advancements in nutrient management strategies tailored to maximize yield and quality in tomato production systems
Studies on the Variability of Indigenous Mulberry Germplasm for Growth and Yield Traits
No full textTwenty two indigenous mulberry accessions were evaluated for growth and yield traits in three seasons. ANOVA on growth and yield showed significant variation among the accessions for the traits. The interaction between accession and season was highly significant for all traits. The co-efficient of variation was maximum for single leaf weight (17.08%) and minimum for total shoot length (0.08%). The divergence analysis grouped 22 indigenous mulberry accessions into 5 clusters. Maximum accessions were grouped in clusters I & II (8 acc.) followed by cluster V (4 acc.). The diversity among the accessions measured by inter-cluster distance (D2) showed variation. The cluster group indicates that mulberry accessions were distributed in different clusters irrespective of geographical distribution
Response of Nutrient Management on Yield and Economics in Potato-Based Cropping System in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textA field experiment was conducted during 2019-20 at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during kharif, rabi and summer season to judge the “effect of nutrient management on potato-based cropping system”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The soil of experimental field was silt loam, having low organic carbon (0.31%), available N (140 kg/ha), available P (15.6 kg/ha) and available K (246.5 kg/ha). The rice variety NDR - 97, potato variety Kufri Khyati and bottle gourd variety Narendra Rashmi were planting/sowing in the respective seasons. Recommended dose of fertilizers (NPK) for rice (120:60:60), potato (150:100:120) and bottle gourd (60:40:40) were applied. For soil test basis application of N have to be increased by 30% for low fertility soil (available N). The result revealed that maximum yield like rice grain (3.8 t ha-1), potato tuber (35.42 t ha-1) and bottle gourd (30.40 t ha-1) were got under T8 treatment (N, P and K applied on soil test basis), while minimum in T1 plot (control plot). The highest net return and B:C ratio in rice (Rs 29519 and 1.21), potato (Rs 207040 and 2.68) and bottle gourd (Rs 135003 and 7.81) were recorded under T8 treatment (N, P and K nutrients applied on soil test basis). While minimum net return with T1 plot (control plot) in each season during investigation
Physical, Chemical and Biological Changes of Enriched Insect Biomass Compost at Different Stages of Decomposition
No full textChanges in physical, chemical and biological changes during different stages of insect enriched compost were determined with compost enriched with insect biomass such as silkworm pupae, silkworm moth, uzi fly and fruit fly. There were higher in moisture and temperature during initial weeks of composting and thereafter it decreased with time. The pH of the decomposing materials decreased with the time of decomposition of silkworm pupae, moth, uzi fly and fruit fly residue except farm yard manure. There were losses of N in FYM+ silkworm pupae and FYM + silkworm pupae with the effect an initial increase in C:N ratio was observed which decreased later on due to decomposition. Per cent major, secondary and micronutrients content increased during composting of silkworm pupae and moth residues as compare to all composts. The microbial population and enzymatic activities were higher between 30 and 60 days of composting during various compost which was enriched with selected insect biomass. Whereas, higher were observed in pupa and moth composts compared to fruit fly an uzi fly compost
Effect of Intercropping with Cowpea and Maize with Organic Manure Application on the Physiological Parameters
No full textIntercropping involves cultivating two or more crops simultaneously in the same field, optimizing the use of land, water, light, and nutrients for higher yields compared to sole cropping. Organic manures, such as farmyard manure, poultry manure, oilseed cake, vermicompost, and bio-slurry, play a vital role in enhancing soil health by providing essential nutrients and supporting microbial populations. In contrast, excessive use of inorganic fertilizers can lead to environmental degradation. Present study explores the synergistic effects of intercropping and organic manure application on the physiological parameters of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Agricultural practices like intercropping optimize resource utilization and enhance overall productivity, especially in regions with limited water resources like Mizoram, India. These practices exhibit positive responds when combined with organic manure on soil health and yield attributes on crops. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments replicated thrice. The result indicate that plants treated with Maize + Cowpea (2:1) + 50% of RDN (Recommended doses of Nitrogen) through Farm Yard Manure + 50% of RDN through Poultry Manure + Lime (200 kg ha-1), resulted in significantly maximum physiological parameters of the crops
Effect of Different Sources and Levels of Sulphur in Sesame on Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility in Acid Alfisols of Odisha, India
No full textAims: To examine the impact of different sources and levels of Sulphur on yield and oil content of sesame in acid Alfisols of Dhenkanal district of Odisha.
Study Design: Randomized Block Design with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: During 2018 and 2019, this experiment was carried out at the Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology\u27s Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, which is located in Mahisapat, Dhenkanal district, Mid Central Table Land Zone, Odisha.
Methodology: The treatments were T1- STBFR (S control), T2- STBFR + 30 kg ha-1 S from Ammonium Phosphate Sulphate, T3- STBFR + 40 kg ha-1 S from Ammonium Phosphate Sulphate, T4- STBFR + 30 kg ha-1 S from Gypsum, T5- STBFR + 40 kg ha-1 S from Gypsum, T6- STBFR + 30 kg ha-1 S from SSP, T7- STBFR + 40 kg ha-1 S from SSP.
Results: Among seven treatments, T7 (STBFR along with 40 kg ha-1 S from SSP) was superior among all the sources and doses w.r.t. yield components and yield. The quality parameters like oil content under different sulphur fertilization was found to be maximum with STBFR along with 40 kg ha-1 S from SSP. Highest total nutrient uptake in terms of N, P, K and S of 55, 26, 37 and 5 kg/ha was recorded with the same treatment.
Conclusion: Sulphur fertilization (T7) in the acid Alfisols of Odisha exhibited improved yield, oil content and nutrient uptake in sesame