International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Genetic Evaluation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Germplasm for Growth, Seed Yield and it’s Attributing Characters in Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions
No full textThe current study evaluated 13 chickpea genotypes raised in a randomized block design with 3 replications during Rabi season of 2020-21 at Experimental research farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding. Naini Agriculture Institute, Prayagraj. The results indicated that the magnitude of higher value of Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was recorded for seed yield per plot and biological yield per plant respectively. The genotype C-203 recorded highest number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant and seed yield per plot. High Heritability coupled with high Genetic advance as percent mean was recorded for seed yield per plot, biological yield per plant and number of primary branches per plant. The analysis of variance indicated that there were highly significant differences among genotypes
Effect of Bacillus subtilis, Soil Amendments and Microalgae Treatment on Fusarium equiseti of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Prayagraj, India
No full textRhizome rot of turmeric caused by Fusarium equiseti emerge as a significant soil-borne threat to crop health. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtilis, soil amendments and microalgae treatment on Fusarium equiseti of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L). Experiment was conducted under field condition at the courtyard of department of Plant Pathology, SHUATS, Prayagraj, during kharif season of 2022. Various soil treatments including farm yard manure (FYM), spent mushroom compost (SMC), and microalgae were used, along with rhizome treatment utilizing Bacillus subtilis. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block design (RBD) with three (3) replications. Results revealed that in the soil application, (T5) i.e., the combination of all the treatments recorded minimum disease intensity (59.26%) which was significant over other treatments and control (T0) (33.86%). To evaluate the radial growth (mm) of Fusarium equiseti in turmeric, seven botanicals from Manipur viz., Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis, Solanum xanthocarpum, Centella asiatica, Drymaria cordata, Persicaria chinensis and Gynura cusimbua were investigated in vitro at 10% and 30% concentration. The antagonistic effects of various botanicals were evaluated in vitro, demonstrating inhibition of mycelial growth. Among the tested botanicals, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium inhibited the highest inhibition rate (86.27%), followed by Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis (77.45%), Solanum xanthocarpum (75.48%), Persicaria chinensis (68.62%), Drymaria cordata (65.68%), Gynura cusimbua (62.74%) with Centella asiatica displaying the lowest inhibition rate (57.84%), all at a concentration of 30%. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of integrated management strategies involving biological control agents and soil amendments for sustainable management of Fusarium equiseti in turmeric cultivation. Implementation of these strategies holds promise for improving crop health, productivity, and sustainability in turmeric production systems
Using Principal Component Analysis to Assess Soil Chemical Properties in the Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya: Implications for Rice Agronomic Management
No full textSub-Saharan Africa faces significant challenges as a net importer of rice, with self-sufficiency rates plummeting to as low as 14% in countries like Kenya. The Mwea irrigation scheme shoulders the bulk of rice cultivation, contributing over 80% of the country’s production. However, productivity within the scheme has seen a concerning decline, dropping from 5.6 ─ 6.0 t ha-1 to 1.3 ─ 4.6 t ha-1 between 1977 and 2018. This decline could be attributed to site-specific nutritional deficiencies and/or toxicities, rendering generalized agronomic recommendations ineffective in certain areas. To address this problem, our study aimed to assess soil chemical properties variability within the Mwea irrigation scheme, identify clusters with similar nutritional status, and tailor area-specific agronomic recommendations. During May to September 2020, we collected and analyzed four hundred samples from five sections of the scheme for total organic carbon, soil pH, macro and micronutrients, and exchangeable cations. Principal component analysis was conducted on the mean values of the soil chemical properties to identify significant contributors to variation and establish zones with similar patterns. Principal components 1 to 4 collectively explained 72.2% of the total variability. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct clusters, namely MW, TB, KT, and WU. Within cluster MW, soil pH was below the optimum range for rice cultivation, suggesting a need for liming. Potassium deficiency was observed across all clusters, with rice straw incorporation recommended as a long-term solution. Furthermore, zinc deficiency was noted in cluster WU, necessitating zinc fertilizer application. Conversely, iron toxicity was a concern in cluster MW, suggesting the adoption of alternating wetting and drying techniques and cultivating tolerant varieties. By proving tailored recommendations based on localized soil conditions, we aim to bolster rice productivity within the Mwea irrigation scheme and contribute to regional food security efforts
Assessment of Path Co-efficient Analysis for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Sponge Gourd [Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem.]
No full textThis investigation was conducted to determine the path coefficient analysis using 40 genotypes of sponge gourd at the experimental plot of Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, UHS, Bagalkot (Karnataka) in RBD design along with two replications during the year 2020-2021. Path co-efficient analysis considered as one of the best statistical methods which can help breeders to characterize the genotypes during the parent selection program and select the desirable genotypes for higher yield production. Path coefficients analysis showed thatthe traits like number of fruits per vine, average fruit weight, fruit length, number of branches per vine and vine length had positive direct effect on fruit yield per vine. Thus the higher magnitude of positive direct effect of these traits explains the higher value of association between these traits on yield per vine. Therefore, direct selection for these traits would reward for yield improvement in sponge gourd
Genetic Variability and Selection Parameters for Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)
No full textTen bread wheat genotype and their all possible cross combinations excluding their reciprocals (10 parents+45 F1s+45 F2s) were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications during Rabi2022-2023 at Student’s Instructional Farm, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology-208002, Kanpur, U.P to get the extent of variability and related parameters to select effectively for grain yield and quality character. It is the big challenge for researchers to get high grain yield with high protein. The data was recorded on fourteen characters viz., days to heading (50%), days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of productive tillers per plant, chlorophyll content, spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, weight of grain per spike (g), 1000 grain weight (g), biological yield (g), harvest index (%),protein content (%) and grain yield per plant (g). The variability among parents was highest for days to maturity it ranged from 117.33 to 137.67 with the mean value 126.60. The variation in F1 progenies was highest for plant height ranged from 85.97 to 120.53 with the mean value of 96.71.The variation in F2 progenies was highest for plant height ranged from 83.70 to 120.20 with the mean value of 94.99. The result showed higher estimated values for phenotypic coefficient of variability(PCV) of all the fourteen characters as compared to their corresponding genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV). Highest value of PCV and GCV were noted for grain yield per plantin both generation F1s and F2s except GCV were observed for none of the character F1s. high heritability estimates were recorded for all characters in both generation F1s and F2s.High genetic gain was observed for grain yield per plant followed by biological yield per plant in both generation F1s and F2s
Hermaphroditism in Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa): A Review
No full textActinidia, the kiwifruit is approximately 20 to 26 million years old. It is known widely for its dioecious nature; hermaphroditism has also been found to exist in its male inconstant type. Floral development in this plant species progresses through seven unique stages, following the conventional (A) BCE floral model. Male parts of the flower develop early during the third stage, whereas, the degeneration of these parts (pollens) in female plants occurs during later stages owing to programmed cell death. After exploring the sex-linked segment of the kiwifruit genome, the researchers have determined that the Y-encoded sex-determinant genes Shy Girl (SyGl) and Friendly Boy (FrBy) act independently as the suppressors of feminization and promoters of male factors, respectively. Non-expression of SyGl in males results in the formation of hermaphrodites; yet, masculine behaviour has been reported to develop in this fruit crop with plunking of FrBy gene into the female plants. These findings have created new avenues for generating horticulturally important self-pollinating hermaphrodite vines, eliminating the need to waste orchard space on non-fruiting male varieties
Combined Application of Inorganic Fertilizer and Organic Manure with Nano Urea on Growth and Yield of Scented Rice
No full textRice is a staple cereal grain for millions of the world population. Inorganic, organic and biofertilizer play crucial role in gaining higher production of scented rice. Excessive use of conventional fertilizer lowers the soil heath. Therefore, there is a need for such a technology which will be able to achieve higher sustainable production. Nano urea is a nano technology which can provide a way to bring down the minus of conventional fertilizers. Keeping these in view, present investigation entitled the combined application of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure with Nano urea on growth and yield of scented rice was carried out at Instructional farm unit, Krishi Nagar, JNKVV, Jabalpur during the rainy season of 2022 and 2023. Ten treatments combination was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. The results of present study revealed that application of 75% N through urea + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4 ml litre-1 at active tillering (AT) and panicle initiation (PI) stage registered maximum plant height (113.44 and 107.52 cm, respectively), no. of tillers hill-1 (21.88 and 19.49, respectively) during both the years of experimentation. As regard to yield and yield attributes significantly maximum total no. of grains panicle-1 (81 and 78, respectively), panicle length (28.23 and 27.19 cm, respectively), grain (4780 and 4418 kg ha-1, respectively) and straw yield (6652 and 6432 kg ha-1, respectively) was recorded with the application of 75% N through urea + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4 ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage during both the years of experimentation. Thus, the study suggests that trimming down the conventional fertilizer by using Nano urea and Azospirillum could help in gaining optimum yield. Also, combination of Nano urea with vermicompost and Azospirillum play important role in improving soil quality alongwith crop health
Assessment of Correlation and Path Analysis for Seed Yield and its Component Characters in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
No full textThe present study was carried out during Kharif season 2021 at Crop Research Center (C.R.C), Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University, Meerut. In the present study, twelve yield and yield related parameters have been studied in 25 diverse genotypes of greengram. The mean sum of squares for genotypes were highly significant for all the traits. In this experiment for majority of cases the genotypic correlation coefficient values was higher than the phenotypic values indicating that the phenotypic expression of correlation was influenced by environment. Seed yield/plant had a highly significant and positive correlation both at genotypic and phenotypic level with number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, biological yield and harvest index. Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pods/cluster and 1000 seed weight exhibited a non-significant correlation with seed yield. In this investigation seed yield per plant was dependent variable and rest of the characters were independent variables. Genotypic and phenotypic path coefficient analysis of seed yield/plant and its component attributes showed that highest positive direct effect towards seed yield/plant was observed by biological yield, harvest index, number of seeds/pod, number of pods/plant, days to 50% flowering, pod length, days to maturity and plant height. Seed yield/ plant could be improved by selection based on these traits
Analyzing the Mycoflora Associated with the Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Seeds under Various Storage Circumstances
No full textMungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is a popular pulse consumed throughout the world. It has a balanced nutritional profile containing considerable levels of bioactive compounds, proteins, dietary fiber, minerals and vitamins. As a result, it becomes important to produce and store it. The primary goal of this study is to determine the losses caused by seed storage and to select appropriate alternatives that will minimize those losses. To determine the optimal solution through this investigation, a variety of containers have been employed to preserve seeds against mycoflora. This study looked at the test weight of the seeds, their ability to germinate, and the fungus that was present. The major finding of this investigation under various storage conditions (using ten containers for storage) the percentage of 1000 seed weight was maximum in gunny bags (10.76%) while the lowest weight was gained in glass pots (5.25%). The germination percentage of seed under different storage conditions revealed that maximum was observed in Glass pot (94.69%) over 120 days while, minimum of gunny bag (91.31%) and the germination percentage gradually decreased from 30 DAS to 120 DAS. A. flavus, A. niger, Rhizopus spp., Penicillium spp. under storage condition increased from 30 DAS to 120 DAS while Alternaria spp., Macrophomina spp., Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma spp. gradually decreased under different periods of the interval of storage
Impact of Different Doses of Herbicides on Weed Density and Weed Control Efficiency in Maize
No full textA field experiment was conducted at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during Kharif season of 2021. To evaluate the effect of different doses of Mesotrione 2.27% w/w + Atrazine 22.7% w/w SC on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid down in the Randomized block design with ten treatments which was replicated three times. Experimental Field was infested with Echinochloa colona, Digitaria sanguinalis, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Commelina benghalensis, Trianthema and Cyperus rotundus. Ready-mix herbicide, Mesotrione 2.27% w/w + Atrazine 22.7% w/w SC (Calaris Xtra) manufactured by Syngenta was used in the experiment. Among the herbicidal treatments, the application of Mesotrione 2.27% w/w + Atrazine 22.7% w/w SC @ 1.750 kg a.i. ha-1 recorded the lowest weed density and highest weed control efficiency (approx. 90%) at every growth stage of maize. However, among herbicidal treatments, grain yield of maize was maximum with the application of Mesotrione 2.27% w/w + Atrazine 22.7% w/w SC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1(T4) which might be due do toxicity effect of herbicide