International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Effect of Liming on Soil pH, Nutrient Availability, Growth and Yield of Wheat in Acidic Soils of Tista Floodplain in Bangladesh
No full textLime is crucial for improving soil pH, enhancing nutrient availability, and promoting healthier plant growth in acidic soils. The objectives of the study were to identify the effects of liming on wheat on nutrients status of soil before and after harvest. Over three years (2018-2021), six experiments were conducted in various locations across Bangladesh, including Kishoreganj, Gangachara, Kurigram, and Rangpur districts, to assess the effects of liming on wheat productivity. Each year featured two experimental setups to evaluate soil and crop responses in different regions. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment was conducted during the rabi season in the Tista Floodplain (AEZ-3). The application of various lime doses had a significantly positive impact on plant height, total number of tillers per hill, branches per plant, spike length, number of filled grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, and overall grain yield of wheat. Notably, a lime application of 1.0 tha⁻¹ resulted in the highest grain yield. The contents and uptake of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) were also significantly affected by the different treatments. Liming effectively helps reclaim acidic soils in the Tista Floodplain. Therefore, for acidic soils, the use of lime is recommended to enhance yield, yield-contributing traits, and nutrient availability
Evaluation of Extractants for Determination of Micronutrients in Soils of South Gujarat, India
No full textAn experiment was conducted at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Navsari Agricultural University during the year 2018-19. The methods of micronutrients determination were (i) extracted through diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) (ii) extracted through ammonium bicarbonate- diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (AB-DTPA) (iii) extracted through Neubauer. The methods of micronutrients were evaluated through method validation parameters like linearity, sensitivity of instruments, precision and predictability. The available micronutrients determined from the sample soils were correlated with soil physico-chemical properties to know the relationship of these properties with available micronutrients. The linearity study of the series of micronutrients standard were measured through different methods of micronutrient determination. These measured values showed linear relationship with reference values. The coefficient of determination (R2) for all the methods was > 0.90. The precision was determined by relative standard deviation (RSD) (%) of different micronutrient methods which were in the range of 1.834 to 19.11 %. All the studied methods of copper, iron, zinc and manganese determination, AB-DTPA extractant method has highly significant and positive correlation with nutrient uptake by wheat on Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES) instrument. Organic C and sand content of soil have positive correlation with micronutrients availability. While pH, EC, CEC, CaCO3, silt and clay content of soil have negative correlation with available micronutrients
Relationship Analysis of Phenology, Stress Tolerance, and Mean Productivity in Wilt and Cold Stressed Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Following Synthetic PGRs Application
No full textTo understand the phenotypic response to mitigate stress tolerance for achieving maximum mean productivity, a comparative study of four synthetic PGRs—Abscisic Acid (ABA), Naphthyl Acetic Acid (NAA), Salicylic Acid (SA), and Fusaric Acid (FA)—was conducted as a pot experiment against artificially inoculated Fusarium oxysporum (a wilt pathogen) and cold exposure in four chickpea varieties. Additionally, the relationship between traits and PGRS application was looked at to evaluate their role in the stress tolerance mechanism. The results showed that ABA at 5 and 2 ppm was effective in delaying flowering, therefore extending the vegetative development phase in plants. In this way, flowering promotes stress tolerance while evading the damaging impacts of wilting and cold. This resulted in a lower percentage of wilt and a reduced incidence of cold compared to all other treatments, which raised mean productivity. The use of ABA at 5 and 2 ppm has been shown to positively correlate with both the prolongation of vegetative development and the delay of flowering. But fusaric acid (FA), a fungal toxin, is what caused early flowering, which allowed the flower to coincide with the development of wilt and cold. The occurrence of wilt at seedling and cold during flowering accelerated the incidence of wilt and cold, which led to a reduced mean productivity after giving fusaric acid (FA) @ 10 and 20 ppm. According to the investigation, the application of fusaric acid (FA) at 10 and 20 ppm was found to be positively and highly correlated with an increase in the incidence of wilt and cold and consequently negatively correlated with the mechanism possessed by ABA at 5 and 2 ppm
First Infestation of an Exotic Crops Pest, Amrasca biguttula on Cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. in North Cameroon
No full textCotton is a cash crop that actively contributes to the socio-economic development of the entire northern region of Cameroon. However, the production of this crop faces many constraints, including the pressure of bio-aggressors that cause significant damage and generate considerable losses for many producers. Amrasca biguttula is a feeding pest that was first reported in 2022 in a leafhopper sample collected in Djalingo, Benoue department, North region. The attacks of this atypical pest caused major damage on several cotton fields during the 2023 crop year. As a result, several other outbreaks have been reported throughout most of the cotton zone. Adults average 2.82±0.16 mm in length and are green, with two black dots near the tip of the forewing. Leafhopper samples collected at several sites showed the presence of Amrasca biguttula and this species alone represented 22% to 84% of the diversity of leafhopper populations on cotton. The month of August seems to be the propitious time for the invasion of this new species, because it is during this period that it was mainly represented in the different leafhopper samples collected
Impact Possibility of Organic, Inorganic and Integrated Production Systems for Crop Productivity and Soil Fertility
No full textA field experiment was conducted from 2015-16 to 2021-22 at the Centre for Research on IFS, S.D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to study the Impact possibility of organic, inorganic and integrated production systems for crop productivity and soil fertility. Crop sequence Groundnut- wheat-greengram recorded significantly highest groundnut equivalent yield (4886 kg/ha) with application of RDF + 10 t/ha FYM once in year, The percent increase in average of three cropping sequences was about 39.1 % in soil organic carbon, 4.1 % in soil available nitrogen, 1.6 % in available phosphorus, 7.2 % in available soil potash, 26.1% in Fe, 22% in Mn, 15.1% in Zn and 64.7% in Cu, while 9.9 % increase in soil water holding capacity and 2.1 % decrease in bulk density, highest microbial counts (bacteria, Actinomycetes and Fungi) under 100 % organic treatment over treatment of State recommendations + 10 FYM/ha once in a year
Assessment of Spatial Variability in Groundwater Quality of Kurnool Region for Irrigation Purpose and Management Options
No full textAssessment of Spatial variability in Groundwater quality of Kurnool region for irrigation purpose and management options was conducted by collecting groundwater samples using GPS locations at various farming situations in different mandals of Kurnool district. The irrigation water quality indices were assessed to classify the ground water for its suitability based on ionic properties viz., pH, EC, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+ and K+; CO3-2, HCO3-, Cl-and SO4-2.The pH, EC, SAR, RSC, Kellys ratio, Saturated sodium per centage and Permeability index in groundwater ranged from 6.5-8.4, 0.4-15.6 (dSm-1), 0.44-28.77 (mmol l-1)1/2, -66.8-15.4 (me l-1), 0.15-24.61, 11.04-94.89 and 17.22-111. The concentration of cations viz., Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+ and K+ varied from 0.8-24.4, 0.4-34.8, 0.5-108 and 0.003-27.6 me l-1 with mean values of 6.71, 6.19, 12.24 and 0.59 me l-1 respectively. Concentration of anions viz.,CO3-2, HCO3-, Cl-and SO4-2varied from 0-1.2, 0.4-18.2, 0.8-77.2 and 0.001-8.39 me l-1 with an average values of 0.04, 6.59, 8.78 and 1.78 me l-1 respectively. The relative abundance of ions for most of the water samples were Na+> Ca+2> Mg+2> K+ for cations and Cl->HCO3->SO4-2> CO3- for anions. Based on physico-chemical properties the groundwater is classified into good, marginally saline, saline, high SAR saline, marginally alkali, alkali, high SAR alkali for irrigation. Thematic maps representing spatial variability in groundwater quality in respect to pH, EC, SAR, RSC and irrigation water class were prepared by inverse distance weightage interpolation method using geographical information system. This will give the information of the irrigation water quality for management options in crop production
Forms of Silicon in Rice Soils of Kerala, India
No full textAim: The plant-available silicon (PAS) content is highly influenced by different forms/fractions of silicon (Si) in which it exists in the soil. The solubility of these forms varies and affects the Si concentration in soil solution. Quantification of Si pools in soils is needed for a better understanding of biogeochemical processes that govern Si dynamics in soils, the magnitude of Si release, and Si-cycling between soil and plant systems. In this context, an attempt was made to elucidate the status and distribution of Si pools in major rice-growing soils of Kerala.
Methodology: The soil samples were collected from five different locations representing the major rice growing tracts (Kuttand, Kole, Pokkali, sandy and lateritic soils) of Kerala, India. The processed soil samples were analyzed to estimate various physicochemical properties. Then, using standard procedure, different fractions of Si in these soils were estimated and their correlation with physico-chemical properties of soils were worked out.
Results: The forms of Si estimated in these soils were mobile Si, adsorbed Si, organic Si, amorphous Si, and residual Si. The percentage distributions of Si pools in these soils were mainly in the order; of residual Si > amorphous Si > occluded Si > organic Si > mobile Si > adsorbed Si. Mobile and adsorbed Si were the smallest fractions and amorphous Si was the largest fraction in these soils.
Conclusion: Mobile and occluded Si were found to be the major contributors of PAS in major rice soils of Kerala
Effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Benzyl Adenine (BA) on Vegetative Growth and Flower Induction in Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandifloras)
No full textThe present study was carried out during 2021 -2022 at the experimental farm of Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu and Kashmir. The trial was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications and twenty-one treatment combinations. The treatment comprised of three gladiolus varieties viz., American Beauty, White Prosperity and Red Beauty and two growth regulators with their three levels of each viz., BA (50, 75 and 100 ppm) and GA3 (100, 150 and 200 ppm), and compared with control. The influence of foliar application of plant growth regulator on vegetative growth and flower induction of three gladiolus varieties namely American Beauty, White Prosperity and Red Beauty. Growth regulators, viz., gibberellic acid (100, 150 and 200 ppm) and benzyl adenine (50, 75 and 100 ppm) were sprayed at 3 leaves and 6 leaves stage after planting of corms. The results revealed that foliar application of GA3 @ 200ppm on cv. ‘White Prosperity’ recorded maximum plant height (134.27 cm), number of leaves per plant (8.53), leaf area (74.41 cm2), minimum days to 50% spike emergence (95.00) and 50% basal floret showing colour (107.00 days). It can be concluded from the present investigation that gladiolus variety ‘White Prosperity’ performed better than other varieties in respect of all the vegetative and flowering parameters. Among interactions, foliar application of GA3 @200 ppm concentration significantly increased vegetative parameters and induced early flowering in variety White Prosperity
Deciphering Genetic Diversity in Advanced Wheat Lines (Triticum aestivum L.) for Yield and Other Yield Contributing Traits Across the Locations
No full textTwenty advanced wheat genotypes were evaluated for yield and yield-contributing traits in six field trials over two cropping seasons (Rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22) using a completely randomized block design (RBD) at two locations: the N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre (NEBCRC), G.B.P.U.A&T, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar district, and the Agriculture Research Center Majhera, Nainital, Uttarakhand. The study aimed to assess genetic diversity among the genotypes via principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, offering insights into genetic variations. Three clusters were formed, with the maximum number of genotypes occurring in the second cluster. A lower p-value indicates that the clusters are statistically significant, suggesting that the observed diversity is not random. High estimates of cophenetic distance (.79) specify a high genetic distance between clusters, indicating that diverse genetic material is under study. The maximum genetic distance observed was 144.9 between genotypes G5 and G11. These findings suggest that these two genotypes are the most genetically diverse among all the studied genotypes and can be used as parents to develop high genetic variation in the studied traits. The PCA results yielded 18 principal components, with the first seven components accounting for approximately 83% of the total variance, indicating significant genetic diversity. The scree plot affirmed the robustness of the study’s results by suggesting that the first eight principal components accounted for a substantial portion of the variance.The findings of current study could be exploited in planning and execution of future breeding programme in wheat
Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Organic Amendments and Botanicals against Fusarium culmorum on Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia)
No full textRhizome rot is a soil-borne disease that severely affects black turmeric and is caused by Fusarium culmorum. An experiment was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology in SHUATS, Prayagraj, to evaluate the effectiveness of Pseudomonas fluorescens, organic amendments, and botanicals against Fusarium culmorum. The experiment was carried out in the kharif season of 2022-2023, and various soil treatments were used, such as farmyard manure (FYM), spent mushroom compost (SMC), mustard cake, and neem cake. Pseudomonas fluorescens was used as a rhizome treatment. The results showed that the combination of all treatments (T9) had the least disease incidence (16.35%) compared to other treatments and the control (T0) (44.27%). To assess the radial growth of Fusarium culmorum on black turmeric, seven different botanicals from Manipur were tested at concentrations of 10% and 30%. These botanicals were Ageratina adenophora, Bidens pilosa, Centella asiatica, Plantago major, Strobilanthes crispus, Saurauia napaulensis, and Artemesia vulgaris. The antagonistic effect of these botanicals was evaluated in vitro, and the results indicate that the most significant reduction in biomass was observed with Ageratina adenophora at a 30% concentration, which showed a 78.5% inhibition rate with a radial growth of 2.66 cm. This was followed by Artemesia vulgaris, which exhibited a 75.3% inhibition rate with a radial growth of 3.16 cm compared to the control and other botanicals tested