International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Secondary and Multi-micronutrient (S, B & Zn) Doses on Yield and Residual Effect on Rice-groundnut Cropping System in Alfisols of Odisha, India
No full textOrissa is the fourth largest state in India covering an area of 15.57 m ha out of which the net sown area is 6.13 m ha. Out of 8 broad soil groups found in the state, red and laterite groups of soil occupy more than 75% of total cultivable area. Low productivity of crops in red and laterite soils are associated with deficiency of Ca, Mg, S, B and Mo (Mitra and Sahu, 1988). The DTPA extractable Zn also indicates that red and laterite soils of Orissa is deficient in available Zn and respondent to Zn application to rice crop (Anonymous, 2002; Mandal et al., 2009). Next to Zn, the deficiency of B is wide spread in many districts of the state as well as contrary (Sharma et al., 2006). Rice-Groundnut is the most prevailing cropping pattern in red and Lateritic soils of Orissa. In spite of recommended dose of NPK fertilizer, the farmers get low yield. A field experiments were carried out with rice-groundnut cropping systems in two successive cropping seasons each, to study the effect of S, B and Zn on grain yield, nutrient uptake and their accumulation. The experimental design included ten treatments, T1: control, T2 : S 40 kg/ha, T3 : B 1 kg/ha, T4 : Zn 5 kg/ha, T5 : FYM 5 t/ha, T6 : S+B, T7 : S+Zn, T8 : B+Zn, T9 : S+B+Zn and T10 : S+B+Zn+FYM replicated thrice in randomized block design. Integrated use of S + B + Zn with FYM was the ideal combination for rice-groundnut cropping system as it was more sustainable, recorded the highest yield and SYI value along with higher accumulation and uptake of nutrients. The results revealed that red and lateritic soils are poor in S and B need integrated use of S, B and Zn along with recommended dose of NPK for getting synergistic and best effect in rice-groundnut cropping system
Genetic Variability in Fusarium Wilt Resistant BC2F1 Lines of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) Variety Githika for Yield and its Related Traits
No full textYardlong bean is a highly popular and profitable vegetable traditionally cultivated in the humid tropics of Kerala and is an inexpensive source of vegetable protein. Developing sustainable host plant resistance mechanisms, such as using the backcross method to introduce single-gene resistance into susceptible crop varieties, is crucial for reducing losses due to Fusarium wilt. In the present study Thirty-five resistant backcross progenies (BC2F1) of Yardlong Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) variety Githika were evaluated for various genetic parameters for yield and its related traits using Completely Randomized Design at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum. High phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for traits such as the number of pods per plant, pod weight, pod yield per plant, crude protein content. High Heritability(H) and High Genetic advance as percent mean (GAM) were observed for traits such as Number of pods per plant, Pod weight, Pod length, Number of seeds per pod, Pod Yield per plant, Crude fibre and Crude protein content. This significantly suggest that additive gene action is predominant in these traits and low reliance by environmental factors on these traits, making such character a good candidate for direct selection. The study helps in assessing genetic variability to identify traits as well as lines with maximum similarity with recurrent parent which could be used for further crop improvement program
A Review on Advanced Preservation Techniques for Post-harvest Quality Maintenance of Fruits and Vegetables
No full textFruits and vegetables preservation is critical for reducing post-harvest losses, increasing shelf life, and ensuring year-round availability of seasonal goods. It approach is meant to preserve the nutritional value, taste, texture, and color of fresh food while preventing spoiling caused by microbes, enzymes, and environmental influences. There are three types of preservation methods: physical, chemical, and biological. Refrigeration, freezing, and drying are examples of physical preservation processes, as are heat treatments like pasteurization and canning. Refrigeration reduces microbial growth and enzymatic activity, whereas freezing stops both, allowing fruits and vegetables to be stored for longer periods. Drying procedures include sun-drying, dehydration, vacuum drying, and freeze-drying, all of which remove moisture and restrict microbial activity. Canning is the method of destroying microorganisms with heat and putting them in an airtight container to prevent contamination. Chemical preservation methods include sulphur dioxide, sodium benzoate, and citric acid. Sugar, salt, acids, and spices are food additives used to preserve fruits and vegetables. In Fermentation, microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast convert sugars into acids or alcohol, producing an environment that prevents spoilage organisms from growing. Finally, conclusion preserving fruits and vegetables is an important part of food security and quality management. A combination of traditional and modern technologies, suited to the individual demands of different types of produce, is critical for reducing waste and providing a consistent supply of nutritious foods year-round
Evaluation of the Production and Preservation Ability of Four Varieties of Onions (Allium cepa L., Alliaceae) in Korhogo, Northern Côte d’Ivoire
No full textAims: The study was investigated the ability of producing and preserving fresh onion bulbs from various varieties to fit sustainable onion culture in Ivorian agroclimatic conditions.
Study Design: Four onion varieties, namely Dayo, Safari, Red Star and Red Jewel, were cultivated, and their fresh bulbs harvested and stored for the investigation of both physical and environmental parameters during the storage.
Place and Duration of Study: The onion culture and the physical and environmental measures were carried out from the experimental field and at the laboratory of Peleforo GON COULIBALY University, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire, over a period from December 2021 to September 2022.
Methodology: Onion bulbs of different varieties were cultivated on the experimental site. Thus, 10 kg of onion fresh bulbs per variety were collected in bags and stored in the store under ambient conditions, and then environmental (temperature and humidity) and physical (sprouting, rotting and loss rate, physiological weight loss and dry matter) parameters were determined at 30 days intervals stages for four months storage period. The statistical processing consisted of the comparison of means according to the ANOVA test, the study of correlation between parameters and the multivariate PCA analysis.
Results: The production yield varies between 17.16 and 23.69 t/Ha with the best production rates observed from Red Jewel and Red Star varieties. The average temperature was recorded between 26°C and 27.9°C while the average humidity increases from 77% (June) to 85% (September). Red Star and Red Jewel varieties assumed the highest bulbs loss rates with respective values of 81.58% and 90.38%, while Dayo and Safari varieties displayed losses of 19.88% and 14.29% over the four months storage. Sprouting represents the main causes of the losses of both red onion varieties. Furthermore, the weight loss and the dry matter vary according to the onion variety and the storage duration. After 4 months storage, the physiological weight loss of preserved onion bulbs remains minimal for Dayo and Safari varieties, while it’s more significant from red onions reaching 14.83% for Red Jewel. The dry matter content of the onion bulbs decreases with the storage during with Dayo and Safari provided higher values.
Conclusion: The red onion varieties Red Jewel and Red Star display more production potential for onion bulbs. But Dayo and Safari onion bulbs seem to have good preservation abilities compared to the red varieties under the storage conditions studied
Agroforestry: A Multifunctional Landuse System for Sustainable Agricultural Production under Climate Change Scenario
No full textClimate change is a serious issue for the entire world threatening the agricultural production systems. The sustainability of food production and other agricultural products is a big question for coming days and hence the survival of man and other organisms in future. Agroforestry, if properly implemented, is capable of providing solutions to many problems related to climate change. It is a resilient land-use system which mimics nature\u27s design, contributes to 9 out of 17 UN\u27s sustainable development goals (SDG). Its multifunctional ability makes agriculture climate-smart and provides enormous goods and services to society. It has potential to enhance overall productivity of agricultural land (10-100%), reduce the burden of carbon release from agricultural sector (1-25 Mg C ha−1 year-1), improve physico-chemical properties of soil, improve nutritional security, reduce poverty, create resilient livelihood, improve water quality, enhance biodiversity, lower the use of agrochemical, support industrial growth, generate employment, provide healthy food, promote rural tourism, provide comfortable working environment, save natural forests, etc. For deriving maximum flow of agricultural benefits from lands and combat climate change issues, different agroforestry systems should be practiced as per the potential of land capability classes. Agroforestry has also many challenges for its wider adoptability. Suitable policies and actions should be taken at local, national and international level to promote agroforestry as a tool for sustainable agricultural production in the scenario of climate change
Effect of Different Organic Ammendments on Growth and Yield Attributes of Linseed [Linum usitatissimum (L.)]
No full textA field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2023-24 at the experimental farm of the model Organic Farm Department of Organic Agriculture and Natural Farming, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. The experiment consisting of eleven treatment combinations which was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Surbhi variety of the linseed was used in the experiment. It was found that among the different treatments higher plant height (66.0 cm) at harvest, dry matter accumulation (371.2 gm-2), higher crop growth rate (3.24 g m-2 day-1) at 150 DAS, the lowest days taken to 50% flowering and Days taken to physiological maturity, seed yield (11.16 q ha-1) and straw yield of (27.51 q ha-1) was recorded with the application of 50% FYM + 50% vermicompost to supply 100% of recommended N (T10). Whereas, the lowest plant height (44.9 cm), dry matter accumulation (252.1 gm-2), lowest crop growth rate of 2.20 g m-2 day-1 seed yield (7.26 q ha-1) and straw yield (19.00 q ha-1) in absolute control (T11)
Inventory List of Plant Diversity in Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Pench Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra, India
No full textAim: To assess the phyto diversity of pench tiger reserve, Maharashtra, India.
Place and Duration of Study: Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR), June 2022 to December 2023.
Methodology: The study was carried out by laying out quadratic sample plots in the PTR given by National Forest Inventory working plan code-2014 The plot size was 0.1 ha with 31.62 m x 31.62 m quadrats.
Results: The study reveals a rich biodiversity comprising 863 species across 554 genera and 117 families, along with 8 varieties and 2 sub-species. The predominant taxa are herbs, accounting for 34.06% of species, followed by trees at 23.29%, climbers at 15.17%, grasses at 13.09%, sedges at 7.3%, epiphytic herbs at 0.8%, and bamboo at 0.2%. Fabaceae emerges as the most species-rich family in comparable studies, underscoring its ecological significance.
Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive biodiversity inventories for understanding and conserving tropical forest ecosystems. This research provides valuable baseline data essential for future ecological studies, environmental assessments, and effective
Physical and Biochemical Characteristics of Soil in a Watershed of the Valley of Oueme: A Rice-based Agroforestry System in the South of Benin
No full textThe present study aimed to assess the sustainability of rice cultivation in regard to soil physical and biochemical characteristics within the watershed of the Valley of Oueme. by promoting agroforestry in rice-growing systems. For that concern, four kinds of areas were showcased for rice cultivation: Adjido. Agondo. Dame, and Houedomey. Eighty-nine thoughts of farmers on their knowledge of involvement of trees in field production were assessed. Soil samples were collected into rice fields and near of the “under trees” at 0-20 cm alongside the village of Hetin-Houedomey from April to June 2023. It was conducted into some of pieces of plots of lowland rice field to study soil physical and chemical properties. Spores’ density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas Fungi (AMF) in that soil and their diversity were assessed. A correlation test indicated regarding quantities of clay, silt, and sand, there is a predominance of clay at the “under trees”, and in the fields, that tends to disappear little by little as we move away from trees. The pH (water) of the soil sampled is acidic and varied from 4.37 to 5.44. For chemical analysis, the average rate of total nitrogen varied from 0.218% to 1.476%. The concentrations of available phosphorus in the Valley of Oueme varied from 2 to 7 cmol/kg that revealed weak. Soils appeared to be rich in exchangeable potassium (0.21 and 1.1 cmol/kg) with the highest proportion observed under the tree in the higher topographic altitudes from the village of Dame. The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) for its part varied between 11.36 and 59.68 cmol/kg, and with the highest value that is in higher topographic altitudes at the Adjido county. Sixteen Glomus species of AMF were identified and the Glomus multisubstensum was the most abundant. The community of AMF was mostly diversified in the “under trees” soil, according to the Shannon index H = 5.5
In vitro Study on Fungicide Sensitivity of Alternaria brassicicola for Managing Leaf Blight in Mustard (Brassica juncea)
No full textAlternaria brassicicola, a phytopathogenic fungus, incites Alternaria leaf blight in mustard, leading to substantial yield and quality losses. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of seven chemical fungicides against A. brassicicola in vitro. Seven chemical fungicides were assessed at 50, 100, 250, and 500 ppm concentrations using the poisoned food technique and Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin and Tebuconazole exhibited 100 per cent growth inhibition at 100-500 ppm. Mancozeb + Metalaxyl and Mancozeb demonstrated 100% growth inhibition at 250-500 ppm. Chlorothalanil displayed 83.33% growth inhibition at 500 ppm, while Thiophanate methyl showed the least efficacy (48.00% growth inhibition) at 50 ppm. The findings suggest that Tebuconazole-based fungicides are highly effective against A. brassicicola. Lower concentrations (50-100 ppm) of certain fungicides also exhibited promising results
Weed Management in Summer Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under South Gujarat Condition
No full textA field experiment was conducted during the summer 2023 at Agricultural experimental Station, Paria, Gujarat with the objectives to determine the effect of different weed management treatment on growth and yield of summer groundnut under south Gujarat condition. The experiment designed in randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were T1: unweeded control, T2: weed-free hand weeding at 20, 30, and 40 DAS, T3: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin (EC) at 1.0 kg/ha + 1 HW, T4: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin (CS) at 1.0 kg/ha + 1 HW, T5: pre-emergence application of flumioxazin (SC) @ 0.05 kg/ha + 1 HW, T6: pre-emergence application of diclosulam (WDG) at 20 g/ha (PE) + 1 HW; T7: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin (EC) at 1.0 kg/ha (PE) + imazamox + imazethapyr at 70 g/ha in pre-mix as post-emergence; T8: post-emergence application of propaquizafop (EC) at 75 g/ha. The results revealed that significantly higher values of growth parameter viz, plant height, yield attributing parameters viz., number pods per plant, shelling percentage, test weight, harvest index and pod as well as haulm yield were recorded under weed free (Hand weeding at 20, 30 and 40 DAS) (T2). Treatment T3 and T4 were found equally effective in recording higher values of growth parameters and yield attributes and yield than rest of treatments. Whereas weed management treatments did not excert any significant effect on oil content of groundnut. The highest net profit and B:C ratio were accrued from weed-free (T2), closely followed by pendimethalin EC @ 1.0 kg/ha as pre-emergence + 1 HW (T3) and pendimethalin CS @ 1.0 kg/ha as pre-emergence + 1 HW (T4). The results of the study showed that T2 (weed-free, hand-weeding at 20, 30, and 40 DAS) produced the best outcomes, whereas T3 and T4 herbicide treatments produced results that were comparable to T1