International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Impact of Conservation Tillage on Soil Fertility, Productivity and Nutrient Uptake by Chickpea in Soybean-Chickpea Sequence on Vertisols
No full textA field study entitled, impact of conservation tillage on soil fertility, yield and nutrient uptake by chickpea in soybean–chickpea sequence on vertisols was conducted at the research farm of Dryland Agriculture unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, during Rabi 2021–22. The Vertisol of the study area was moderately alkaline in reaction, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. A randomized block design with four replications and five treatments consisted of conventional tillage with crop residue mulch and without crop residue mulch, reduced tillage with crop residue mulch, zero tillage with crop residue mulch, permanent BBF with crop residue mulch. The results indicated the improvement in soil fertility, higher nutrient uptake and yield of chickpea grown in Vertisols under rainfed conditions with reduced tillage and broad bed furrow in conjunction with crop residue mulch and application of pre-emergence herbicide
The Role of Digital Soil Mapping in Soil Survey and Agricultural Planning
No full textDigital Soil Mapping (DSM) is an essential tool for soil survey and agricultural planning. It involves creating and populating spatial soil information using field and laboratory observations, often referred to as "predictive soil mapping" or "pedometric mapping." DSM provides detailed information on various soil properties, including soil pH, soil moisture content, soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and nutrient concentrations such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and other micronutrients. It also measures gypsum concentration, base saturation percentage, heavy metal concentrations, and parent material characteristics. DSM utilizes digital elevation models, geostatistical modeling, and spatial interpolation of collected soil samples from a specific area. Instruments like the Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (PXRF), combined with polynomial algorithms and various \u27R\u27 software packages, are integral to DSM. Geostatistical modeling tools such as kriging, splines, simulation options, covariance functions, semivariance functions, and variograms are employed for spatial interpolation of collected data to generate digital soil maps
Effect of Magnetized Irrigation Water and Seeds on the Production of OKRA (Hibiscus esculentus)
No full textVery recently special magnetic devices have been developed and used to magnetize irrigation water and plant seeds. Such magnetic treatments were reported to play a great role in increasing the germination rate of seeds, reducing soil salinity and consequently resulting in increasing yield. The objectives of the study to improve crop productivity by using magnetic technologies. A split plot experimental design was used for growing two varieties of okra (Hibiscus esculentus). The treatments included: non-magnetized water + non magnetized seeds (NMW+NMS), non-magnetized water + magnetized seeds (NMW+MS), magnetized water + non magnetized seeds (MW+NMS), magnetized water + magnetized seeds (MW+MS). Each treatment was replicated three times. The parameters considered included: number of leaves per plant, leaf length, plant height, plants density and yield. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) between treatments, the combination of (MW) and (MS) gave higher of leaves per plant, plant density, and plant height and leaf length. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) in yield between treatments (MW) recorded increasing in yield by 50% as compared to (NMW); (MW) + (MS) recorded increase in yield by 24% as compared to (NMW); (MS) record increasing in yield by 18% as compared to (NMS) when both were irrigated by (NMW), the combination of (MW) and (MS) gave higher yields for both okra varieties (25.5 and 35.5 Kg/ha). It was concluded that magnetizing water may lead to better crop establishment and further improvement could be achieved by magnetizing the seeds
Can Soil Spectroscopy be a Strong Alternative to the Conventional Methods of Analysis?
No full textSoil is considered as the source of life on the globe. Although, numerous research studies, the soil is not completely understood whereas it is dynamic complex matrix include many simultaneous processes. The conventional methods of soil testing are the most reliable for assessing the land productivity and management. Unfortunately, these methods are time consuming and laborious as well as costly and hazardous to the environment. Therefore, the soil spectroscopy technique provides the functions of detecting, characterizing, quantifying and mapping several soil properties based on the uses of different kinds of the sensors (ground-based, airborne-based, and satellite-based). An integration of soil spectroscopic data, data processing, and modelling is considered as an effective tool for estimating soil parameters. Although these advanced techniques able to predict the majority of soil properties, there are some of these properties require more experiments for building accurate calibration models for estimation. Moreover, creating accurate soil spectral libraries (SSLs) for specific areas or soil types is very crucial for saving time, effort, expenses of soil surveying, sampling, and analysis. The application of these SSLs has a big limitation of the continuous variability of the soil properties over time. Thus, establishing extensive spectral libraries is important and mandatory for covering the small scaled areas’ variabilities as well as available soil types. Till now, the soil spectroscopy is not entirely replacing the conventional testing methods of soils because these techniques need future applications to be trusted and guaranteed of their effectiveness
Impact Assessment of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on Seed Germination and Seedling Development of Maize
No full textThe rising interest in using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in agriculture raises concerns about soil contamination, which could result in phytotoxic effects on germinating seeds and seedlings. The present study was carried out to analyze the responses induced by lower, as well as higher doses of ZnO NPs (0–5120 ppm), in maize, for a period of 7 days incubation study. The results revealed that percent seed germination, shoot, root and seedling length, fresh and dry weight and seed vigour was increased with nano seed priming at lower concentration (80 ppm) as compared to control but decline variably at higher levels (higher than 640-5120 ppm) of zinc in maize. Thus, seed-priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles at low dosages was sufficient to elicit a good response to seedling germination and vigour, while higher doses were associated with a delay in early development metrics and caused toxic effect on the seedling
Effect of Plant Growth Promoters and Herbicides on Growth, Yield Attribute and Yield of Kharif Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.)
No full textA field experiment was conducted during two consecutive kharif seasons 2022 and 2023 at Students’ Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, (U.P.) - 208002 India. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Three plant growth promoters [viz. Gibberellic acid (P1), Cytokinin + Enzymes (P2) and Amino acid + Humic acid + Sea weed extract (P3)] were allocated in main plots; whereas six herbicidal treatments [viz. Weedy check (W1), Tembotrione 42%SC @ 120g a.i./ha (W2), Halosulfuron methyl 75% WG @ 72g a.i./ha (W3), Topramezone 33.6 SC @ 25.2g a.i./ha (W4), Atrazin 50%WP @ 1kg a.i./ha (W5) and Mesotrione 2.27%W + Atrazin 22.7%SC @ 750 ml a.i./ha (W6)] were setup in sub plots. On the pooled basis of two years experimental results showed that, application of Amino acid + Humic acid + Sea weed extract (P3) recorded significantly highest value of plant height (208.22cm), crop growth rate (47.54 and 9.96 g m-2 day-1 at 60 - 90 DAS and 90 DAS - harvest stage, respectively), relative growth rate (0.1029, 0.1052 and 0.0825 g g-1 day-1 at 30 - 60 DAS, 60 - 90 DAS and 90 DAS - harvest stage, respectively), length of cob (18.56cm), number of grains cob-1 (574.01), grain yield (6835.95 kg ha-1) and harvest index (34.26). However, among herbicidal treatments, Tembotrione 42%SC @ 120g a.i./ha (W2) was recorded significantly maximum weed control efficiency (85.86% at 75 DAS) plant height (216.59cm), leaf area (5226cm2) crop growth rate (43.45, 48.77 and 10.26 g m-2 day-1 at 30 - 60 DAS, 60 - 90 DAS and 90 DAS - harvest stage, respectively), relative growth rate (0.1037. 0.1053 and 0.0829 g g-1 day-1 at 30 - 60 DAS, 60 - 90 DAS and 90 DAS - harvest stage, respectively) and net assimilation rate (5.65 g m-2 day-1 at 30 - 60 DAS), length of cob (18.56cm), number of grains cob-1 (574.01), grain yield (6835.95 kg ha-1) and harvest index (34.26)
Impact of Planting Time on the Performance of Different Wheat Varieties: A Review
No full textWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is among the most widely cultivated cereal crops globally. Wheat belongs to family Poaceae and genus Triticum and its center of origin is South Western Asia. Following China, India is the second-largest wheat producer in the world. Among different species of wheat crop, Triticum aestivum is the most prime because of its higher calorific values as well as a good addition for nutritional requirement of human body due to appearance of 9-10 % protein and 60-80 % carbohydrates. Choosing the appropriate sowing time and selecting suitable cultivars are crucial for achieving higher wheat yields. Early sowing with the optimal plant population promotes better growth and nutrient uptake, leading to increased crop production. Delayed sowing reduces the growth, yield, and quality of wheat grain, while early sowing leads to greater yields thanks to a longer grain development phase. Additionally, cultivar selection played a crucial role in determining wheat performance. Some cultivars exhibited greater adaptability to varying sowing dates, maintaining higher yields and better stress tolerance. Proper selection of cultivars is obtained to maximum yield due to variation among the weather conditions and genetic diversity. Optimum sowing dates give suitable temperature to obtain maximum productivity and cultivars selection also play prime role in obtaining maximum wheat production. Improper selection of cultivars produces lower grain yield
Effect of Foliar Application of Nano fertilizers on Soil Properties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Western UP, India
No full textAn experiment was conducted during kharif 2022 and 2023 at the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, to study the Effect of Foliar Application of Nano on Soil properties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Western UP. The investigation was carried out with fourteen treatments viz. Control, RDF (N:P:K-120:60:40 kg ha-1 + 25 kg zinc sulphate), 100% RDF + Nano urea, 100% RDF + Nano potash, 100% RDF + Nano Zn, 100% RDF + Nano urea + Nano potash + Nano Zn, 75% RDF + Nano urea, 75% RDF + Nano potash, 75% RDF + Nano Zn, 75% RDF + Nano urea + Nano potash + Nano Zn, 50% RDF + Nano urea, 50% RDF + Nano potash, 50% RDF + Nano Zn and 50% RDF + Nano urea + Nano potash + Nano Zn. The nano fertilizers were applied at tillering stage (35 DAT). Result revealed that highest soil properties viz., organic matter % (0.48 & 0.52), available nitrogen (225.6 & 228.7 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (19.5 & 20.7 kg ha-1), available potassium (235.6 & 233.8 kg ha-1) and available zinc (0.80 & 0.83 g ha-1) were recorded with application of 100% RDF + Nano urea + Nano potash + Nano Zn spray at tillering stage (35 DAT) respectively, during both the years. The lowest values of these parameters were recorded under control treatment
Effect of Organic and Synthetic Fertilizer Management on the Yield and Growth Components of Basmati Rice in Western U.P., India
No full textThe present investigation was conducted during kharif 2022 at the CRC of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.) to studies the Effect of organic and Synthetic Fertilizer management on the yield and growth components of Basmati Rice in Western U.P. (India). The soil of experimental site was clay- loamy in texture, slightly alkaline, non-saline, low in organic carbon, N, P, and high in available K. DTPA extractable micronutrient were in high amount. Eleven treatments, viz., T1 (Absolutely Control), T2 (100:75:0 kg NPK ha-1), T3 (100:75:60 kg NPK ha-1), T4 (Only FYM @ 20 t ha-1), T5 (Only VC @ 20 t ha-1), T6 (50:37.5:30 kg NPK ha-1 + FYM @ 20 t ha-1), T7 (50:37.5:30 kg NPK ha-1 +VC @ 20 t ha-1 ), T8 (100:75:60 kg NPK ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1), T9 (100:75:60 kg NPK ha-1 + VC@ 10 t ha-1), T10 (50:37.5:30 kg NPK ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1) and T11 (50:37.5:30 kg NPK ha-1 + VC @ 10 t ha-1) were tested in RBD with three replication. The study revealed that application of T9 significantly improved the growth and yield attributes thus increasing the yield of rice over control with a corresponding increase of 61.2 and 34.5 percent in grain and straw yield of rice, respectively, although this treatment was found to be on par with T7 and T11. Thus, the inclusion of inorganic with organic sources of plant nutrients together helps to maintain yield stability, increasing the effectiveness of supplied nutrients, and creating favorable soil physical conditions
Management of Early Blight of Tomato (Alternaria solani) through Application of Plant Extracts and Fungicides
No full textIn the present work, plant extracts and fungicides were evaluated for an effective management of early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani under in vitro and in vivo condition and determine yield losses and cost benefit ratio. The present investigations revealed that Hexaconazole and Azoxystrobin were most effective it produced 100.0 per cent mycelia growth inhibition, whereas minimum mycelia growth was recorded in Difenoconazole (1.89 mm) and Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole (4.0 mm). Calotropis gigantea extract @ 20 per cent was found best as it produced 77.0 per cent mycelia growth inhibition of Alternaria solani followed by Azadirachta indica (74.26%).The effect of foliar spray of Calotropis gigantea @ 20.0 per cent was found the best for managing early blight of tomato in field condition as minimum disease intensity (39.83%) and highest yield (15.25 t/ha) was recorded with highest benefit cost ratio (1.62). The minimum disease intensity (15.43%), highest yield (22.40 t/ha) and highest benefit cost ratio (2.75) was recorded in Hexaconazole @ 0.1 per cent followed by Azoxystrobin @ 0.1 per cent