International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Survey for Alternate Weed Hosts of Rice Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola Associated with Rice Crops in Haryana, India
No full textRice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola is one of the most serious nematode pest associated with rice throughout the world. With other species of root-knot nematode, M. graminicola can also infect wide range of weed flora which is commonly grown in or near the rice field. To study the alternate weed hosts of M. graminicola a survey was conducted in the major rice growing blocks of Fatehabad and Sirsa districts of Haryana during Kharif season 2022. A total of 726 samples were collected from rice fields, both from transplanted (TR) and direct seeded rice (DSR) from Phoolan, Bharpur, Ratta Khera, and Jandwala Sotter villages of Fatehabad and Bahauddin and Sikanderpur, Dhottar, Ding and Chopta villages of Sirsa. Out of which 353 samples were found free from nematode infestation while 373 samples (209 from DSR and 164 from TR)were found infested. The juveniles and galls were recorded ranging from 4-190 on the roots of different weed plants. Hence, it is concluded from the present investigation, that nematodes favor more DSR and its weed flora than TR for infection and survival
Genetic Variability and Association among Yield and Yield Related Traits of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotype
No full textA field experiment was carried out with 42 genotypes of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) at the Niger Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Vanarasi, Ta. Vansda. The study was performed to evaluate the genetic variability, characters association, path analysis and genetic diversity based on yield and yield related traits. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for seed yield per plant followed by capsules per cluster and harvest index. High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance expressed as percentage of mean were observed for the traits viz., capsule width, capsules per cluster, leaf area, harvest index and seed yield per plant indicating that these characters are under the control of additive gene effect. The seed yield per plant was found to be significant and positively correlated with days to maturity, capsule length, capsule width, capsules per cluster, 1000 seed weight and harvest index at genotypic and phenotypic levels. The maximum direct effects as well as appreciable indirect influences were exerted by harvest index, capsule width, capsule length and 1000 seed weight. D2 analysis indicated wider genetic diversity among the forty-two genotypes which were grouped in ten clusters indicating there is no formed relationship between geographical diversity and genetic diversity. Cluster III and X showed the maximum inter cluster distance of 16.51. Hence, the genotypes belonging to the X, IX and VIII cluster could be used in hybridization program for obtaining a wide spectrum of variability among the segregants. Among different eleven traits studied, leaf area followed by capsules per cluster, harvest index, capsule width, seed yield per plant and capsule length contributed maximum towards the total genetic divergence. Results of mean cluster analysis showed that cluster X recorded highest cluster mean for four important yield attributing characters and cluster IX for two important characters. Genotypes from these cluster may produce progenies with high genetic variation
Performance of Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) Varieties under Different Temperature and Relative Humidity Profiles
No full textA study was performed at Department of Plant Pathology during year 2020, CCS Haryana Agricultural University to find the effect of different growing environments on temperature and humidity profile development, yield and its attributes in clusterbean crop. Three varieties of clusterbean varieties i.e. HG 365 (V1), HG 563 (V2) and HG 2-20 (V3) with each sown at three different dates of sowing i.e first (D1), third (D2) and fourth (D4) week of July in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice. The diurnal range of temperature profiles at the emergence stage and flowering stage were higher in the crop sown in the first fortnight of July as compared to the second and third fortnights of July. Crops sown in the fourth week of July had a greater diurnal range of relative humidity profiles at the vegetative and pod formation stage while at flowering stage higher diurnal variation were present in first week of July sown crop. However, among different cultivars of clusterbean, no variation in temperature and humidity profile were observed. Significantly higher number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, harvesting index, grain and straw yield were found in D1 (first week of July) and V2 (HG 563) as compared to remaining dates of sowing and varieties, respectively
Residual Effect of Humic Acid, PSB and Phosphorus Nutrition on Soil Chemical Properties after Harvest of Rice Crop under the Subtropical Condition of Jammu
No full textField experiments were conducted during Kharif season of 2022 at the Research Farm, WMRC, SKUAST- J, Chatha. The soil of the experimental site was sand clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen but medium in phosphorus and potassium. The experiment was laid out in Factorial RBD with three factors replicated thrice. Twenty treatment combinations comprising of five Humic acid treatments (Control, Soil Application of Humic acid @ 2.5kg/ha & 5kg/ha (Market ready), and Soil Application of Humic acid @ 2.5kg/ha & 5kg/ha (FYM), two PSB treatments (With and without PSB) and two levels of Phosphorus nutrition (100% Recommended N:100% Recommended P - 15:40 kg/ha and 100% Recommended N:75% Recommended P - 15:30 kg/ha). The utilization of Humic acid at a rate of 5 kg/ha, sourced from both Market Ready and Farm Yard Manure (FYM), combined with seed treatment employing (PSB) and a nutrient application of 100% recommended nitrogen (N): 100% recommended phosphorus (P) - 15:40 kg/ha, exhibited a more pronounced and favorable residual impact on soil properties. This was evidenced by notable improvements in organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels, surpassing their initial values but shows in non-significant results. Furthermore, this treatment employing humic acid application, PSB & Phosphorous nutrition showed improvement in seed yield and straw yield but failed to show significant results in residual rice crop
Soil-site Suitability Assessment for Major Fruit Crops in Chikkumbi-3 Micro-watershed (4D7C5O2f), Karnataka Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
No full textA research project was conducted to assess the viability of three soil series (CLK, CKB, and HNL) in the Chikkumbi-3 micro-watershed of Dharwad district, located in the Northern dry zone (Zone-3) of Karnataka. Using criteria such as texture, depth, slope, erosion, graveliness, and stoniness, ArcGIS V 10.8 was employed to classify the soils into five mapping units. The suitability of these mapping units was then evaluated for cultivating major fruit crops, including mango, lime, guava, grape, pomegranate, and sapota. The analysis revealed that the soil series Chulki (CLK), Chikkumbi (CKB) and Hanchinal (HNL) are presently not suitable for growing mango and lime due to significant limitations in physical conditions, rooting, and moisture. However, the region is deemed moderately to marginally suitable for the cultivation of guava, grape, pomegranate, and sapota. These findings serve as foundational data for identifying specific soil constraints, aiding in the development of sustainable strategies for crop production in the study area
Evaluation of the Agro-technological and Health Characteristics of Sugar Cane Varieties (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Rainfall Conditions
No full textSugar cane Saccharum officinarum (Poaceae) is an important industrial crop in the Ivory Coast. Cane production involves two types of culture. The irrigated cultivation of sugar cane which is that practiced by industrialists and the cultivation in rainy conditions which is that of village producers The study aimed to improve agricultural productivity in village sugar cane plantations by selecting varieties adapted to rain conditions. The trials carried out at the CNRA research station in Ferké (north of the Ivory Coast) in experimental plots were arranged in complete randomized blocks with 7 varieties, including two controls, repeated 6 times. These experiments were carried out on two consecutive harvest cycles, a virgin and a regrowth, with cane yield, extractable sugar content and tolerance to bio-aggressors as the main selection criteria. The varieties Co 997, M 1176/77 and M 2238/89 were found to be significantly superior to controls R 570 and SP 711406. As for the variety KnH 80412, it appeared equivalent to the best control R 570. Among these 5 varieties tested under rainy conditions, the most productive was Co 997 with 60.5 t of cane / ha after 2 consecutive harvest cycles since the new plantation. These best varieties Co 997, M 1176/77 and M 2238/89 are drought tolerant and can therefore replace obsolete varieties that have become too sensitive to the major enemies of sugar cane in village cultivation in the Ferkessédougou region
Mechanical Synthesis of Nano Carrier Based Bio-formulation of Trichoderma harzianum and Their Bio-efficacy against Fusarium Wilt of Chick Pea
No full textThe terms "nano science" and "nanotechnology" have grown in popularity in comparison to micron-sized particles because they are more durable, efficient and have a high surface-to-volume ratio. In this regard, an experiment was conducted to assess the efficiency of a nano carrier-based formulation of Trichoderma harzianum against the chickpea wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Carrier materials such as talc, lignite and fly ash were reduced to nano size using a high-speed cryo ball mill and particle sizes were determined using a particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction. The results revealed all of the concentrations of nano carrier formulated (talc, lignite and fly ash) T. harzianum viz.,100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations were found to effective in inhibiting the growth of the F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris with 100 per cent mean mycelial inhibition except nano talc formulated Trichoderma which shows mycelial inhibition of 2.56 per cent at 50 ppm concentration
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Nitrogen in Maize under Drip Fertigation
No full textField experiment was conducted during kharif 2018, rabi 2018-19 and kharif 2019 at Dr. NTR College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh to study the spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen in maize. The experiment was laid out in split plot design consisting of three irrigation levels 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 ETc and four nitrogen levels consisting of fertigation levels 80%, 100%, 120% RDN on sandy clay loam soil. There were significant variation due to irrigation and fertility levels at all the stages of crop growth. Generally, the availability of nitrogen increased when irrigation as well as fertilizer level increased up tomaturity stage. The maximum available nitrogen was in the depth of 0- 30 cm range and then decreased vertically
Determining Adaptability of Potato Genotypes in Mount Elgon Region of Uganda
No full textPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Uganda is mainly produced in the highland areas of Kabale and Kisoro in south western and Bugisu and Sebei areas on the slopes of Mt. Elgon in the eastern part of the country. However, the yields have continuously reduced due to lack of suitable high yielding and disease resistant varieties. The purpose of this study was to identify high yielding disease resistant potato genotypes adapted to Mt. Elgon region. Eight CIP potato clones were evaluated alongside ten commonly grown Ugandan varieties in RCBD for two seasons at Buginyanya station, Bulambuli District. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in tuber size, tuber uniformity, marketable tuber yield and the total tuber yield among genotypes. Potato clones 392797.22 and 398208.29 produced significantly (P<0.001) higher tuber yield 44.8 t/ha and 39 t/ha respectively compared to the local check Cruza with 34.5 t/ha. rAUDPC for LB showed significant differences (P<0.001) among genotypes in both seasons. The most resistant genotypes were Kinigi and clone 399985.39 with rAUDPC of 0.0135 and 0.025 respectively whereas Bumbamagara (0.413) and 396036.201 (0.392) were the most susceptible. 396036.201(0.051) and Kinigi were the most resistant genotypes for bacterial wilt while Shangi (0.66) and Cruza (0.46) were the most susceptible to BW. Generally, genotypes 392797.22 and 398208.29 were the highest yielding and disease resistant hence recommended for release as commercial varieties
Effect of Organic Manures and Foliar Application on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees.)
No full textA field experiment was carried out to study the effect of organic manures and foliar application of organics on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of Kalmegh at the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University to find out the suitable organic inputs and foliar organics for better growth, yield and nutrient uptake of Kalmegh. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with twelve treatments and three replications comprising of a different combination (i) basal organics viz., Farm Yard Manure, Vermicompost and Pressmud (ii) foliar spray of organics viz., Panchagavya and Fish Amino Acid and untreated control. Among the twelve treatments, the plants which received Vermicompost at 5 t ha-1 + fish amino acid at 3% expressed higher values for the growth parameters viz., plant height (69.80 cm), number of branches plant-1 (25.13), number of leaves plant-1 (140.87). Physiological parameters viz., leaf area plant-1 (6.78), total dry matter production plant-1 (15.86 g plant-1). Yield parameters viz., fresh herbage yield plant-1 (42.74 g plant-1) and dry herbage yield plant-1 (14.24 g plant-1). Nutrient uptake viz., Nitrogen (38.97 Kg ha-1), Phosphorous (6.87 Kg ha-1) and Potassium (84.23 kg ha-1)