International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Properties, Nutrient Dynamics, and Maize Yield (Zea mays L.)
No full textA field experiment was carried out during the winter seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at the Zonal Agriculture Research Station at Chhindwara. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the impact of various organic and inorganic fertilizers on the nutrient content (N, P, K & Zn), uptake and yield of maize. The experiment was structured using a randomized block design, incorporating ten treatments and three replications. The treatments were, T1 - Control (0:0:0), T2 - 100% RDF (120:60:40 kg NPK ha-1), T3 - 75% RDF, T4 - 50 % RDF, T5 - FYM 10 t ha-1 + Azotobacter, T6 - 100 % RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM, T7 - 75 % RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM, T8 - 50 % RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM, T9 - 100 % RDF + 5 kg Zn ha-1 and T10 - FYM 5 t ha-1 (State practice). The result revealed that the application of 100 % RDF + 5 t ha-1 FYM (T6) recorded higher values of soil chemical properties viz., pH (7.167), EC (0.329), OC (0.350), available nitrogen (340.50), phosphorus (15.92) and potassium (320.26), nitrogen content in grain (1.638) and stover (0.482), phosphorus content in grain (0.407) and stover (0.040), potassium content in grain (0.554) and stover (1.636), nitrogen uptake (196.347), phosphorus uptake (36.107), potassium uptake (275.869), Zn content in grain (30.460 ppm) and stover (21.242 ppm), grain yield (7957.53 kg ha-1) and stover yield (14473.65 kg ha-1)
Influence of Organic Nutrient Sources and Hydrogel on Yield Attributes and Productivity of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
No full textThe experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic manures and hydrogel on growth and productivity of mustard during the rabi season of 2023-24 at Agronomy Research Farm of School of Agricultural Sciences, Nirwan University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized complete block design. There were two factors under the design viz., different organic manures and levels of hydrogel. The first factor had three organic manures viz., FYM @ 5 t/ha, vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha and poultry manure @ 1 t/ha. The different levels of hydrogel were no hydrogel (control), hydrogel @ 2.5 kg/ha and hydrogel @ 5 kg/ha. The growth and yield attributes as well as yield of mustard was significantly enhanced with the application of vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha though this treatment was found to be at par with poultry manures @ 1.0 t/ha. Further results showed that the application of hydrogel @ 5.0 kg/ha over hydrogel @ 2.5 kg/ha and control significantly enhanced the productivity of mustard crop in the semi-arid areas of Rajasthan. The present study highlights the influence of organic nutrient sources and hydrogel on yield attributes and productivity of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Inheritance of Northern Corn Leaf Blight Resistance in Advanced Generations of Maize (Zea mays L.)
No full textDeveloping genetically resistant maize varieties to mitigate yield losses would reduce reliance on chemical control measures. This study underlines the substantial genetic variability and heritability of northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) resistance within a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, highlighting the genetic basis of the trait. ANOVA revealed highly significant genetic variability among families at the 1% level, confirming the presence of sufficient variability for effective selection. The progression from F5 to F6 generations demonstrated the effectiveness of selection, as seen from reduced AUDPC scores in the F6 generation. A genetic gain of -7.74 and a heritability estimate of 48% further validated the success of selection based on lower AUDPC scores. The regression analysis supported by the significant positive correlation (r = 0.65) revealed a significant association between F5 selections and the F6 AUDPC scores, as seen from an R2 value of 0.42 and a moderate predictive slope of 0.52. These associations suggest that while selection is effective in predicting advanced-generation performance, the residual variability points to the need for incorporating additional genetic or environmental factors to improve predictive accuracy. These findings emphasize the predominance of genetic factors in NCLB resistance and the stability of resistance traits across the two generations, offering insights into the genetic control of the trait. By providing a solid foundation for breeding efforts targeting durable resistance, this study contributes to the development of maize varieties with enhanced NCLB resistance and supports sustainable agricultural practices
Impact of Nutrient Management Technologies on Soil Physico-chemical Properties, Yield and Economics of Mustard under Irrigated Condition of Chandauli District, Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textA field experiment was conducted in Jharigawan village, Naugarh block in Chandauli district during 2023–2024 to assess yield, soil, plant and fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) nutrient relationships and calibrate optimum fertilizer doses for attaining yield targets. The fertilizer adjustment equations are derived by the All India Coordinated Research Project, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi centre. Results revealed that targeted yield of mustard (20 q ha-1) have been achieved by using the plant nutrients on the basis of targeted yield concept (soil test crop response technology). The percent increase in yield was 33.10 % in first location, 34.54 % in second location and 31.27 % in third location over Farmers practice i.e. the fertilizer doses the farmers generally applied in the area which was 15.51, 15.20 and 15.35 q ha-1, respectively. The maximum net returns of mustard first location (Rs.54280.54), second location (Rs.54630.54) and third location (Rs.56030.50) were obtained in treatment where plant nutrients applied as per soil test value (STCR treatment). This technology also maintained the soil available plant nutrients. Thus, for obtaining maximum gain and sustain the soil fertility, application of plant nutrients as per soil test value (STCR technology) is essential. The fertilizer doses were validated for attaining yield targets of 20 q ha-1 in farmer’s fields. Mustard yield within 10% deviation was attained, which indicated that soil test based fertilizer dose was superior. This approach could be adopted for regions with similar soil and agro-climatic conditions in other parts of the world to increase Mustard yields
Optimizing Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Productivity and Quality through Integrated Nitrogen and Sulphur Management under Semi-arid Conditions of Rajasthan, India
No full textA field experiment was conducted under loamy sand soil during kharif 2020 and 2021 at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner. The treatments comprising seven integrated nutrient management practices (control, 100% RDN, 100% RDN through FYM, 100% RDN through vermicompost, 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM, 50% RDN + 50% N through vermicompost and 50% N through FYM + 50% N through vermicompost) and four levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) assigned respectively to main and sub plots were replicated thrice in split plot design. Result revealed that different integrated nitrogen management practices had a significant effect on seed yield, nutrient concentration and uptake of sesame. Application of 50% RDN + 50% N through vermicompost (N5) and 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM (N4), were the most superior and equally effective in enhancing these parameters among all the treatments. The maximum seed yield (799 kg/ha) was obtained under 50% RDN + 50% N through vermicompost treatment. Producing the seed and stalk yields of 756 and 2329 kg/ha, application of 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM was found equally effective. Results further showed that 50% RDN + 50% N through vermicompost and 50% RDN + 50% N through FYM were significantly better and statistically similar in enhancing N, P, K and S concentration and their uptake and protein and oil content in seed. Further, it was revealed that progressive increase in sulphur fertilization significantly improved the yield and nutrient uptake in sesame. Addition of 40kg sulphur resulted in increment of about 24.1 and 33.0 percent in seed and stalk yield, respectively over control viz-a-viz enhancing nutrient uptake by sesame. However, treatment receiving 60 kg S/ha showed higher but statistically similar results as that of treatment receiving 40 kg S/ha. Maximum values of N, P and S contents in soil after harvest were recorded at 60 kg S/ha with 40 kg S/ha being statistical at par
Optimizing Nutrient Management for Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) in Lateritic Soils of Odisha: Effects on Growth, Yield and Economics
No full textFinger Millet is a nutritional powerhouse as it contains many essential nutrients including iron, protein, calcium, dietary fibre, and carbohydrates. Since it\u27s a gluten-free cereal, it has received attention for its impressive value in nutrition thus serving as a potential tool in battling malnutrition. It is resistant to extreme weather conditions. Despite its rich nutrient content, recent studies show lesser intake of millets as a whole. Therefore, a field experiment has been conducted at the farmers\u27 field of Bargarh district of Odisha in kharif, 2023 in Lateritic soil under the demonstration programme of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bargarh to assess the impact of nutrient management practices on the growth, yield, and economics of finger millet crop at Bargarh district of Odisha. The recommended dose (40:20:20) was applied through Farmer\u27s practice (FP). Recommended practice (RP), application of lime @0.25 LR; lime is applied 15 days before flowering followed by N-P2O5-K2O (30:20:20 kg ha-1). Each treatment was replicated 10 times on randomized block design. Nutrient management practices at applied dose resulted in the increased yield along with the entire yield attributes of the crop. Also, the maximum net return and B:C was noted in RP when compared with FP. Finger millet thresher was proved to be effective as it increased the working capacity than the traditional practices. The cost of threshing was found to be low than the conventional practices for threshing of one quintal of finger millet
The Therapy of Diseases Using Phylloplane Bacteria
No full textPathogens and pests account for 20 % to 30 % of global crop yield losses. To maintain a sufficient and constant production, we rely on chemical crop protection and growth-promoting goods like pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers. Many of these chemical compounds endanger human health and the environment, driving a demand for safer alternatives. A viable alternative is the use of microbial-based treatments to protect crops from disease. Although the word "biocontrol" includes eukaryotic biocontrol agents such as yeasts, fungi, beneficial insects, and other nonmicrobial pests, this review focuses on Phyllospheric bacteria. We employ this interpretation of a phyllospheric bacteria because it not only focuses on antagonizing the pathogen, However, it also focuses on boosting plant health. Furthermore, this definition enables for comparisons between probiotic and biocontrol research. We will look at how bacteria target microbial infections. The phyllosphere or above-ground surface of plants is a complex environment in which microorganisms and the host plant interact intensively to form unique, yet dynamic, communities. Microbial communities live on both the plant\u27s external surfaces (epiphytes) and inside regions (endophytes), and they play a key role in disease resistance. Pathogens frequently go through an epiphytic phase before penetrating a plant cell or the apoplast. Unless otherwise stated, this review focuses on biocontrol agent applications to the leaves
Characterization and Comparative Assessment of Ten Advanced Lines of Aus Rice (Oryza sativa)
No full textThe present study focuses on the characterization and comparative assessment of ten advanced lines of Aus rice (Oryza sativa L.), an ecotype known for its adaptability to adverse environmental conditions. The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh, during the Aus season of 2017, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Various agronomic traits, including plant height, panicle length, tiller number, and yield components, were recorded and analyzed to assess genetic variability. Significant genetic diversity was observed among the genotypes, with high heritability estimates for key traits, indicating their potential for selection in breeding programs. Correlation and path coefficient analyses revealed strong associations between plant height, panicle length, and grain yield, highlighting their importance in yield improvement strategies. The findings emphasize the genetic potential of Aus rice for breeding high-yielding, stress-tolerant varieties, contributing to global food security and sustainable rice production
Assessment of Genetic Diversity and its Associated Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
No full textIn India, the rabi pulse Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) holds one of the most important position which is a member of Fabaceae family. Chickpea production accounts for 20% of the total pulse production in the world. The present investigation was carried out in Rabi-2019-2020 at Western Section of Birsa Agricultural University Research Farm, Kanke, Ranchi. Twenty six genotypes of chickpea comprising four checks viz., BG 372, KWR 108, KPG 59 and Birsa Chana 3 were taken for the present investigation. Observations were recorded on eleven quantitative traits and three qualitative traits in this study. Mahalanobis D2 statistics revealed five clusters. Among the five clusters, cluster I (23 genotypes) consisted of maximum genotypes followed by cluster II (4 genotypes) and cluster III, IV, V were mono-genotypic. Based on inter-cluster distances and mean performances of clusters for different traits, the advanced breeding lines among the genotypes belonging to cluster I and IV are expected to produce yield and other yield-related traits.Based on inter-cluster distance and cluster mean genotypes such as GNG1958, GCP105, JG14, BAUG15, BAUG107, BAUG108, BAUG109, BAUG115, BAUG121, BAUG123, BAUG124 and BAUG129 were found suitable for their utilization in hybridization programme. The observations for qualitative characterization on flower colour, seed colour and seed testa texture of thirty chickpea genotypes were recorded as per the guidelines of conduct of test for DUS approved by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers\u27 Rights Authority (PPV&FRA)
The Effects of Organic Farming on Soil Physical Properties and Organic Carbon Pools in Groundnut Based Cropping Systems
No full textThe agricultural production systems leading to loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) might be contributing to release of CO2 into the atmosphere. Consequently., an attempt was made to assess the organic carbon stock,related soil physical and physico-chemical properties under different groundnut based cropping systems viz., groundnut-groundnut, groundnut-blackgram, groundnut-finger millet and groundnut-foxtail millet. Soil samples (0-15 and 15-30 cm depth) were collected from each cropping system after the harvest of the rabi crop. Analysis on particle size distribution and pH revealed that soil was sandy loam and neutral to slightly alkaline in nature. The soil physical properties were varied under organic farming and ICM practice. The lower bulk density (1.51 and 1.60 Mg m-3), higher porosity (43.10 and 39.69 per cent), aggregate stability (66.22 and 64.79 per cent), MWD (0.93 and 0.91 mm), infiltration rate (19.02 cm hr-1) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (8.98 and 7.79 cm hr-1) were recorded under organic farming (M1) compared to ICM practice (M2) at 0-15 and 15-30 cm, respectively. The soil moisture content was recorded at flowering, peg initiation, and pod development during kharif season and higher was recorded under organic farming (17.58, 23.12 and 11.52 per cent; 16.96, 22.48 and 10.86 per cent) compared to ICM practice (M2) (16.58, 21.32 and 10.28 per cent; 15.88, 20.84 and 9.88 per cent) at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm, respectively. However, the physical properties were not varied among different groundnut based cropping systems. The higher organic carbon (0.54 and 0.49 per cent), water soluble carbon (13.91 and 11.57 mg kg-1), active carbon pool (0.27 and 0.24 per cent) and passive carbon pool (0.26 and 0.25 per cent) were recorded under organic farming compared to ICM practice at 0-15 and 15-30 cm, respectively