International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Response of Nano DAP on Crop Growth, Yield and Quality of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in East and South Eastern Coastal Plain Zone of Odisha, India
No full textThe study conducted during rabi (Jan–May, 2024) at Instructional farm, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India to investigate the effect of nano Diammonium Phospahe (DAP) on growth, yield and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in an acid Inceptisols. The experiment was laid out with 11 treatments combination in randomised block design with three replications. Treatments T10 (T4 + ST with Nano DAP at 10 ml L-1 of water and FS with Nano DAP at 2.5 ml L-1 of water at 35 DAS and 50 DAS) resulted in higher pod yields followed by T7 (T4 + ST with Nano DAP at 7.5 ml L -1 Water +Twice FS with Nano DAP at 2.5 ml L -1 of water at 35 DAS and 50 DAS) which was the yield obtained with 100% of STD for N and P as soil application. Whereas the lowest yield was obtained in T11(absolute control). The findings revealed that the highest benefit-to-cost (B:C) ratio of 2.19 was associated with treatment T10 (T4 +ST with Nano DAP at 10 ml L-1 of water and FS with Nano DAP at 2.5 ml L-1 of water at 35 DAS and 50 DAS) followed by T7 (2.17) [T4+ST with Nano DAP at7.5 ml L -1 Water+Twice FS with Nano DAP at 2.5 ml L-1 of water at 35 DAS and 50 DAS] with reduced application of STD of conventional fertilizers at 50% along with foliar application of nano DAP found economically more sustainable. The results regarding the effect of nano DAP on post-harvest soil showed no significant changes in any of the soil parameters
Impact of Various Levels of Biochar on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
No full textAn experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2021-2022 at the College of Agriculture, Kalaburagi. The study aimed to assess the impact of biochar on various growth and yield parameters of chickpeas. Results indicated that the treatment involving 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and biochar applied at 4 t ha-1 significantly enhanced grain yield, stover yield, and harvest index of chickpea. Additionally, plant height, number of branches per plant, dry matter production, number of pods per plant, and 100-seed weight were also notably higher under this treatment compared to others. In conclusion, the application of 100% RDF along with biochar at 4 t ha-1 demonstrated superior performance in increasing both grain and stover yield of chickpea. These findings underscore the potential of biochar as a beneficial soil amendment in enhancing crop productivity, particularly in chickpea cultivation
Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Wheat Using Encapsulated Lelliottia amnigena MSR-M49
No full textDrought is considered one of the most important stresses that raise concern and is responsible for changes in the soil that have an impact on living organisms and plants. In a three –factor field experiment, encapsulated PGPR Lelliottia amnigena MSR-M4 was used to study the effect of their bio-inoculation on two wheat resistance Shandawil 1 and sensitive Gemmeiza 12 varieties under 80% and 60% from crop evapotranspiration (ETC). The results showed that drought conditions led to a decrease in the total chlorophyll and carotenoids but the values of pigment contents increased with encapsulated PGPR inoculants. Inoculation with PGPR Lelliottia amnigena MSR-M4 enhanced the IAA and ABA content in shoots of two genotypes wheat plants especially in genotype Gemmeiza 12. Application of encapsulated Lelliottia amnigena MSR-M4 achieved the lowest ethylene content compared to un-inoculated wheat; there is also higher reduction of proline accumulation in two verities of wheat plants and achieved higher relative water content under 80% and 60% from ETC.As well as there is an improvement in yield-related traits and wheat productivity due to the improvement in dehydrogenase soil enzyme. Accumulative of ant oxidative enzymes in wheat can be indication of their relative tolerance to drought stress. Encapsulated MSR-M4 approves greater enhancement in yield-related quality of wheat productivity, as well as (N, P, and K %) in grains of two genotype wheat plants
Agronomic Performance of Experimental Poblano Chili Hybrids in Open-field Conditions in Coahuila, Mexico
No full textObjective: To evaluate the yield response of sixteen experimental poblano chili hybrids in open field in Coahuila, Mexico.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The treatment design and statistical model, was completely randomized with 16 treatments and four replicates each, analyzed with an ANOVA at p≤0.05 and a Tukey mean test at p≤0.05 to detect significant differences.
Results: In yield (g plant-1), the hybrids H-302 and H-402 were superior, while the number of fruits presented very similar values, in the variable average weight the hybrid H-402 presented better values, it is also observed that the length of the fruit, the hybrids H-303, H-304 and H-403 stand out for their size, The width of the base of the hybrids did not show statistical differences, it is observed that the width of the center of the fruit the hybrids H-101, H-103, H-104 and H-201 did not show differences, while the thickness of the mesocarp the hybrids H-303 and H-304 stood out, while the projection of the yield the hybrids H-302, H-304, H-402 and H-404 stood out. The number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit length, mesocarp thickness and yield projection were the traits that most positively influenced poblano chile yield with correlations of 0.87, 0.64, 0.51, 0.55 and 1.
Findings/Conclusion: H-302, H-303 H-304, H-402 and H-404 can be concluded as the best performing among the 16 hybrids evaluated. The agronomic response of the experimental hybrids was variable in most of the traits, so the genetic potential of each one is different and is reflected in its phenotypic response in specific environmental conditions, with these findings could guide future breeding programs
Long-term Organic and Inorganic Fertilization Affect Soil pH, Humus Carbon Fractions, and Crop Yield in Three Soil Types
No full textContext: Soil acidification and humus carbon depletion pose significant challenges to agricultural sustainability. Organic and inorganic fertilization influence soil pH, humus carbon, and crop yield, yet the effects in different soil types remain inadequately understood.
Objective: This study aimed to (i) measure soil pH changes under different long-term organic and inorganic fertilization in granite, Quaternary red, and purple sandy shale soils, (ii) quantify humus carbon content and humification degree, and (iii) explore the implications for crop yield in these soils.
Methods: A field experiment was conducted in 2023 based on a long-term study established in 1982 at the National Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, south China. Six treatments were applied: CK-T (control with straw take away), CK-R (control with straw return), NPK-T (NPK with straw take away), NPK-R (NPK with straw return), OM-T (straw take away), and OM-R (straw return).
Results: Soil pH was highest under the OM-R treatment, while NPK-T and NPK-R significantly reduced pH in Quaternary red and granite soils compared to purple sandy shale soil. NPK-R and OM-R treatments significantly increased humus carbon fractions, humic acid carbon (HA-C), fulvic acid carbon (FA-C), and humin carbon (HU-C) in all three soils. The NPK-R treatment increased the soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) in granite soil than in Quaternary red and purple sandy shale soils. The average humic acid to fulvic acid ratio (HA:FA) across all treatments was 1.46, with the purple sandy shale soil exhibiting the highest humification degree (HA:FA 1.51), surpassing Quaternary red (HA:FA 1.49) and granite soils (HA:FA 1.38). NPK-R treatment produced the highest sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas \u27Beauregard\u27) yields in granite (25,000 kg ha⁻¹) and Quaternary red soils (24,012 kg ha⁻¹) and the highest broad bean (Vicia faba \u27Aquadulce Claudia\u27) yield (632.8 kg ha⁻¹) in purple sandy shale soil. Both crop yields were strongly correlated with soil pH, humus carbon fractions, SOC, TN, AP, AK, BD, and SWC.
Conclusion: Straw return stabilizes soil pH, whereas NPK fertilizer reduces soil pH. Straw application with NPK fertilizer increases humus carbon content, nutrient concentrations, and crop yield. These findings provide valuable insights into the synergistic effects of straw and mineral fertilizers on soil properties, contributing to crop yield improvement in different soil types
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Correlation in Crossandra (Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) (Nees) Genotypes
No full textThe present investigation was carried out to study the performance of crossandra genotypes for morphological, flowering, yield, quality and screening for nematode resistance at the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the year 2018-2019. Ten genotypes were investigated for ten quantitative characters viz., Plant height (cm), Plant spread both E-W& N-S (cm), No. of primary branches, Number of leaves, 100 flower weight (g), Number of flowers per spike, Number of spikes per plant, Rachis length and Yield per plant (g). The presence and magnitude of genetic variability is prerequisite for any breeding program. It will be useful for quantifying the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of genotypes to identify for high yielding characters. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the parameters recorded which shows greater influence over environment in plants. High GCV and PCV were recorded for plant height, number of leaves, rachis length, number of spikes per plant and yield per plant. High heritability with high genetic advance was noted in plant height, number of leaves, primary branches, number of spikes per plant, number of flowers per spike, 100 flower weight, rachis length and yield per plant. High heritability with high genetic advance is an important character for selection and these are traits controlled by additive gene action. From the correlation studies, yield per plant was positively correlated with number of primary branches, number of spikes per plant and rachis length. Further,positive and significant correlation was also recorded in rachis length, plant spread, number of spikes per plant and number of flowers per spike. Hence, simultaneous selection for the above traits would be more rewarding to bring improvement in crossandra
Effect of Saline Water Irrigation and Organic Amendments on the Growth and Quality Characters of Cluster Bean
No full textThe pot experiment was carried out to test the salinity tolerance level of MDU - 1 in the presence of organic manures. A pot experiment was conducted in the pot culture yard of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Cuddalore District, during January - May, 2024. Crop was raised using selected saline tolerant Cluster bean variety MDU -1 as test crop. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture and taxonomically classified as Typic Ustifluvent. The treatments consisted of three levels of salinity viz., S1–Control (bore well water), S2 (EC-2.5 dS m-1) and S3 (EC-5.0 dS m-1) and four different sources of organic manures viz., O1- Humic acid (HA), O2-FYM, O3-Vermicompost (VC) and O4-Composted coirpith (CCP). The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with three replications. The results of the pot experiment clearly indicated the response of cluster bean to saline water irrigation and soil application of different organic manures. Among the three levels of salinity tried, the treatment S1, irrigated through bore well water recorded the highest response in respect of growth and quality characters of Clusterbean as compared to saline water irrigation treatment S2 and S3. All the sources of organics evaluated proved significant to increase the growth and quality characters of clusterbean. However, the effect was much pronounced with vermicompost applied treatments as compared to humic acid, composted coirpith and FYM. Among the various treatment combinations, application of vermicompost at 12.5 t ha-1 through soil and irrigated with bore well water (S1O3) excelled the other treatments in respect of the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by clusterbean. However, this was followed by the treatment S1O1, which received soil application of humic acid at 30 kg ha-1 and irrigated with borewell water. Further, the quality parameters like crude protein, crude fibre and gum content in clusterbean pods were also positively improved by the application of vermicompost @ 12.5 t ha-1 through soil and irrigated with bore well water (S1O3). However, it was followed by treatment S2O3 (VC + saline water irrigation). Hence, soil application of vermicompost @ 12.5 t ha-1 and saline water (EC-2.5 dS m-1) irrigation to saline tolerant clustebean variety MDU-1 was identified as best treatment combination for sustainable clusterbean production under saline water irrigation
Impact of Heterotic Potential in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Certain Yield and its Contributing Traits in Salt-Affected Soil
No full textThe present investigation was undertaken with the objectives to estimate genetic variability for yield and yield contributing components. The experimental materials of rice for this investigation comprised of 22 genotypes as lines (female) and three testers (male) viz., Narendra Usar 3, NDR 359 and CSR 36. Each of the three testers was crossed with 22 lines during Kharif, 2013. The experiment was based on the evaluation of a line × tester set of 66 hybrids (F1s) along with their 22 parents and check varieties viz., Narendra Usar 3 and Arize 6444, for twelve quantitative trait in salt affected soil in randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed that all the treatments, parents, parent vs crosses, crosses, lines and lines x testers were highly significant for majority of the yield and its contributing traits indicated sufficient variation among the treatment/materials under study.In the present investigation, a wide range of variation in estimates of heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis in positive and negative directions was observed for grain yield per plant and its contributing components. In case of grain yield per plant heterobeltiosis ranged from -1.76 per cent (IR 47427-2B-2-2B-1-1× Narendra Usar 3)to 100.14 per cent (Kashturi Chandauli× NDR 359), standard heterosis over SV1varied from -30.85 per cent (AGAMI MI× CSR 36) to 50.84 per cent (Kashturi Chandauli× NDR 359) while over it ranged from -3677 per cent (AGAMI MI× CSR 36) to 37.92 per cent (Kashturi Chandauli× NDR 359). Kashturi Chandauli× NDR 359, IR 74095 AC 5 × NDR 359, Narendra 6096 × NDR 359, Sarjoo 52 × Narendra Usar 3 and Kashturi Chandauli× Narendra Usar 3 were found highly significant over BP, while Kashturi Chandauli× NDR 359, IR 74095 AC 5 × NDR 359, Narendra 6096 × NDR 359, Sarjoo 52 × Narendra Usar 3 and Jaya × Narendra Usar 3 had highly significant over standard variety SV1. Further Kashturi Chandauli × NDR 359, IR 74095 AC 5 × NDR 359, Narendra 6096 × NDR 359, Sarjoo 52 × Narendra Usar 3 and Jaya × Narendra Usar 3 were found to be highly significant over SV2 for grain yield per plant. The estimates of heterosis were attributed to genetic interaction arising from both additive as well as high degree of non additive gene action for major physiological traits. Two physiological traits viz., biological yield per plant and harvest index followed by spikelets per panicle, 1000- grain weight, L: B ratio and flag leaf area remained as major contributors to heterobiltiosis and standard heterosis. It reflects that emphasis should be given to select these traits to enhance the production and productivity in salt affected soil
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Onion (Allium cepa L.) for Green Foliage Yield
No full textThe present investigation was carried out during the year 2023-24 in the experimental field of Department of Vegetable Science at Pt. KLS College of Horticulture and Research Station, Rajnandgaon under Mahatma Gandhi University of Horticulture and Forestry, Sankra-Patan, Durg (C.G.). The experiment, consisting of 11 varieties of onion was laid under Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. High magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variance were observed for green foliage yield per hectare (33.71%), green foliage yield per plot (33.46%) and diameter of bulb (22.74%). High magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variance were observed for green foliage yield per hectare (32.31%) and green foliage yield per plot (32.02%). The estimates of heritability were recorded high for dry matter percentage of leaves (97.97%). High value of genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded for green foliage yield per hectare (63.79%). Green foliage yield per hectare had highly significant and positive correlation both at genotypic and phenotypic level with green foliage yield per plant (0.787 and 0.649), dry matter percentage of leaves (0.794 and 0.748), plant height (0.746 and 0.577), length of leaves (0.659 and 0.589), collar girth (0.814 and 0.533), dry matter percentage of bulbs (0.721 and 0.693) and moisture percentage of bulbs (0.740 and 0.646). Path coefficient analysis revealed positive and direct effect of green foliage yield per hectare was recorded via length of leaves followed by dry matter percentage of leaves, moisture percentage of bulbs, plant height, collar girth, dry matter percentage of bulbs, leaves width, moisture percentage of leaves, green foliage yield per plant and no. of leaves per plant
Effect of Different Sources and Levels of Zinc on the Nutrient Content, Uptake and Fertility Status of Wheat
No full textIndian farmers face challenges in wheat production due to poor soil nutrients and imbalanced fertilizer use, making zinc-supplemented fertilizers vital for boosting productivity. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a vital global food crop, rich in carbohydrates, protein, and essential nutrients, with India being a major producer, although many regions face significant zinc deficiency in their soils. A field study was conducted during Rabi 2021-2022 at Wheat Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The experimental soil collected from the wheat research unit field was slightly alkaline in reaction, medium in organic carbon, moderately calcareous, low in available N, medium in available P, remarkably high in available K, marginal in available S, and sufficient in micronutrients but deficient in Zn. The nine treatments T1 to T9 are applied in the plots in Randomized Block Design with three replications.
The higher nutrient content and N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn uptake was recorded with the soil application of RDF + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1.
It is concluded that the soil application of ZnSO4 @ 30 kg ha-1 along with a recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) at the time of sowing recorded the highest nutrient content, nutrient uptake and improvement in soil fertility