International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Evaluation of Genotypes of Some Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp) Varieties for Resistance to Thrips (Megalurothrips sjöstedti) in Burkina Faso
No full textAims: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) is one of the most important grain legumes grown in all arid and semi-arid zones of Africa. Its production helps to combat malnutrition and poverty, and contributes to food self-sufficiency. However, its production comes up against numerous abiotic and biotic constraints, including floricultural insects such as thrips (Megalurothrips sjöstedti), which are small insects. They belong to the order Thysanoptera, family Thripidae, and cause considerable damage to cowpea crops, especially at flowering time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of eight lines from Burkina Faso compared with the thrips-resistant line (TVx3236) from the IITA collection (Nigeria).
Methodology: A completely randomized block design with three replications in two trials (PT treated plot and PNT untreated plot) was used for the experiment.
Results: Results showed that some varieties were resistant to thrips, while others were susceptible. The resistant genotypes were those with a low number of thrips per flower and high pod production.
On this basis, KVx780-1 is the best genotype compared with KVx780-6 for varieties currently being popularized. Nafi variety is the best compared with the varieties popularized in 2012 (Nafi, Gourgou, Komcallé and Tiligré).
Conclusion: In the case of the varieties that were previously popularized, the results confirmed the susceptibility of KN-1 variety, the tolerance of variety KVx165-14-1 and the resistance of the variety TVx3236
Effects of Farmyard Manure, NPK Levels, and Foliar Nutrition on Chemical and Biochemical Parameters of True Indigo (Indigofera tinctoria L.)
No full textThe use of plants as natural dyes in the textile industry has gained significant attention in recent years. Indigofera tinctoria L., a member of the Fabaceae family native to India, has emerged as a promising sustainable dye source. Beyond its applications in textiles, I. tinctoria also holds significance in herbal medicine, highlighting its multifaceted utility. A two-year field experiment (2022 and 2023) in split-split plot design was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, Kerala Agricultural University, to investigate the effects of farmyard manure (FYM) [5, 7.5, and 10 t ha-1], NPK levels [10:10:20, 20:10:40, 30:10:60, and 40:10:80 kg ha-1], and foliar nutrition [water spray, nano urea 0.4%, and seaweed extract 0.4%] on the indican content and nutrient content of indigo plants. The results showed that FYM [10 t ha-1] increased the indican content [by 8.73%], nitrogen [by 11.02%], phosphorus [by 9.9%], and potassium [by 11.27%]. NPK levels [30:10:60 kg ha-1 and 40:10:80 kg ha-1] showed similar effects on indican and nutrient content. Foliar application of seaweed extract [0.4%] increased indican and phosphorus content. The interaction between FYM, NPK levels, and foliar nutrition significantly affected the indican, nitrogen, and potassium contents. The study suggests that integrated use of FYM [10 t ha-1], NPK [30:10:60 kg ha-1], and foliar nutrition with seaweed extract [0.4%] can improve plant chemical and biochemical parameters
The Ameliorative Effects of Lime and Vermicompost on Yield and Yield Components of Barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) and Soil Properties in Acidic Soil of Northwestern Ethiopia
No full textSoil acidity and fertility depletion are the major challenges to crop production in the northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. In response to this problem, this study was conducted on acidic soils of Banja district of northwestern Ethiopia to evaluate the main and interaction effects of different rates of lime and vermicompost application on soil properties, and yield and yield components of barley during 2020 main cropping season. The factorial combinations of four rates of lime (0, 50, 100, and 150%) or (0, 0.93, 1.86, and 2.79 t/ha-1) with three rates of vermicompost (0, 2.5 and 5 t ha-1) were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-15 cm before the application of treatments and after harvesting. The results revealed that the interaction effects of lime (2.79 t ha-1) with VC (5 t ha-1) significantly increased soil pH (5.55), exchangeable calcium (14.36%), and exchangeable sodium (0.58%). Similarly organic carbon (3.17%), and exchangeable magnesium (1.49%) increased at the application of lime (1.86 t ha-1) with vermicompost (5 t ha-1). The main effects also increased total nitrogen, available phosphorus, cation exchangeable capacity, and potassium, whereas significantly decreased exchangeable acidity and aluminum. The main and interaction effects of lime and vermicompost significantly improved yield and yield components of barley. The highest grain yield of 5097 kg ha-1 was recorded from the combined application of lime 1.86 t ha-1 and vermicompost 5 t ha-1. Whereas, the lowest grain yield of 3635 kg ha-1 was recorded from the control. Overall, the combined application of organic fertilizer and lime amendments could be recommended to amend soil acidity and improve the availability of nutrients and crop yield. However, further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of both organic and lime amendments
Assessment of Microbial and Enzymatic Activity of Plant-ratoon System in Sugarcane Rhizosphere in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India
No full textA field experiment was carried out on sugarcane plant-ratoon system to develop nutrient management strategies for sustaining soil health, quality and sugarcane production at Research Farm, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. Trials were conducted to test the efficiency of various fertilizers in sugarcane on solubility of applied inorganic fertilizer during spring season in calcareous soil. The pooled data revealed that number of millable cane (NMC), cane and sugar yield varied significantly due to integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizer with bio-fertilizer in combination both in plant and ratoon crops. The significant increase in NMC, cane and sugar yield was recorded in the treatments receiving organic and inorganic fertilizer in combination with bio-fertilizer over control. The highest number of NMC (103.0 × 103 ha-1), cane yield (85.8 t ha-1) and sugar yield (11.21 t ha-1) was recorded in treatment T9 i.e 75% NPK of RDF + Acetobacter + PSB + along-with Bio-compost @ 7.5 t ha-1. Similar trend of result was recorded in ratoon crop also, the residual effect of treatment receiving organic and inorganic fertilizer in combination with bio-fertilizer was also maximum pronounced on NMC (92.4 × 103 ha-1), yield (79.6 t ha-1) and sugar yield (9.36 t ha-1). The bio-compost improved overall performance of sugarcane. The uptake of nutrients by plant and ratoon followed the similar trend as cane yield. The treatment receiving RDF along with various biofertilizer significantly improved productivity of sugarcane over control. However, the efficiency of Bio-fertilizer was more pronounced under inorganic treated plots. The reduction in pH and increase in EC, organic carbon and available nutrients (N, P and K) in post-harvest soil was recorded in treatment receiving organics through bio-compost. The enzymatic activities was recorded for glycosidase, urease, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities
Agronomic Performance of Genotypes [F1 and F2] of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. to Insect Foliar Damage
No full textLagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley is a plant with high nutritional potential and high market value. However, production is relatively low due to foliar damage caused by insect pests. Two experimental were put in place during 2019 and 2020 in the village of Manfla approximately 400 km from of Abidjan in order to identify and select the most productive genotypes of L. siceraria. Thus, a comparative study of parental individuals P1 and P2, F1d hybrids, resulting from a direct crosses, hybrids F1ind, from an indirect crosses and the segregating F2 population F2d and F2ind were carried out. Phenological and agronomic parameters of all plants were measured in the presence of insect pests. The results obtained showed that P2 individuals caused more than 90% of foliar damage compared to less than 25% for P1. The level of foliar damage of individuals resulting from the cross is closer to the parent that served as a female plant. Two groups were identified. The first group consisting of P1 and F1ind were distinguished by a low rate of foliar damage and by a high seeds number and fruits and seeds weight.
The second group composed of P2, F1d, F2ind and F2d were characterized by a short reproductive cycle. However, a series of backcrossing, involving the F1 hybrid and the P2 parent, must be carried out in order to obtain early and productive individuals
The Impact of Treated Coal Waste Sludge on Paddy Soil Chemistry Rice Growth
No full textMud from the coal washing pond, treated with lime, has spilled multiple times, resulting in pollution of the rice fields and sparking conflicts between local farmers and coal miners. The focus of this study was to determine the chemical properties of paddy field soil mixed with mud, chicken manure compost, and its effect on rice plants. The research was conducted in a greenhouse using a complete random design with a 3x4 factorial and three replications. Rice was planted in a bucket containing 10 kg of soil treated with water. This study using three levels of chicken manure compost (P), designated as P0 (0 g), P1 (50 g) and P2 (100 g). The soil mixture was comprised of four levels of mud (L) and paddy field soil (S), designated as M0 (0 kg L + 10 kg S), M1 (2 kg L + 8 kg S), M2 (4 kg L + 6 kg S), and M3 (6 kg L + 4 kg S). Through a series of tests, it was found that this treatment had a positive impact on the chemical properties of paddy soil, with a notable decrease in soil acidity (pH of 5.2 to 6.2), an increase in total nitrogen (0.17% to 0.37%), and an enhancement in total phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) levels (24 to 55 ppm and 43.3 to 72.87 ppm, respectively). The control treatment (P0M0) exhibited a pH of 4.5, a total N of 0.16%, P2O5, and K2O of 18.0 ppm and 41.50 ppm, respectively. During the generative phase, the application of sludge and compost separately resulted in a significant effect on plant height at 60 days after treatment (DAT). However, the interaction between the two treatments was not significant. The generative phase of P1M3 interaction exhibited the fastest flowering, with a duration of 53 days, which was 6 days faster than the control. The separate compost treatment exhibited a duration of 3 days, which was 3 days faster than the control. Also, the mud treatment did not yield significant results. Additionally, for panicle length, all treatments exhibited no significant differences. The weight of dry seed contents of panicles exhibited a significant difference between the interaction and the control. The highest yield of P1M3 was 5.33 g, while the control exhibited a yield of only 2.12 g. These results confirm that the treated coal waste sludge spill had no negative effect on paddy rice, on the contrary, it reduced the acidity of paddy soil at the optimum level of macro and micro nutrient availability. The addition of a 50 g compost dose and 1.5 times the weight of sludge to paddy soil significantly accelerated flowering in the best rice plants, P1M3, and increased yield by 2.5 times compared to the control group. These findings have changed farmers\u27 perceptions regarding sludge spillage, which they previously viewed as a pollutant in their paddy fields
Isolation of Bacterial Endophytes and Evaluation against Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs in Sorghum
No full textThe present study evaluates the Isolation of bacterial endophytes and evaluation against Exserohilum turcicum in sorghum. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) ranks as the world\u27s fifth most significant cereal crop. One of the most significant foliar diseases is turcicum leaf blight, caused by Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs, is seen in severe form in the main sorghum-growing regions of the Guntur district. Chemical control is used to manage turcicum leaf blight. Given the possible risks associated with the use of chemicals in agriculture, the use of potentially antagonistic endophytes that are naturally present in the plant system has made it possible to produce natural and environmentally friendly food. During research morphologically and culturally diverse endophyte colonies were isolated. Endophyte SRSE-01, which showed 52.75% inhibition, was shown to be much better than other endophytes. Leaf sap isolates SLSE-04 (51.6%), SLSE-05 (51.1%), and SLSE-03 (50.00%) were found to be comparable to one another and better than endophytes from leaf fragments. Variation in the fungal growth pattern in the interaction zone was noted, along with thickening of the hyphal strands, anastomosis and the production of chlamydospores. In the present study, incompatible interactions with endophytes was perceived by the formation of chlamydospores which might have occurred due to antagonistic nature of endophyte due to the synthesis of either enzymes or toxins or antibiotics
Enhancement of Green Gram Productivity through Cluster Front Line Demonstrations in Northern Agroclimatic Zone of Telangana, India
No full textIndia is the world\u27s biggest producer, importer, and consumer of pulses. About 7% to 10% of the nation\u27s overall food grain production comes from pulses, which make up roughly 5% of the area used for pulses production. The production of green grams accounts for around 8–10% of all pulses. The productivity of pulses is currently 892 kg/ha, which requires further improvement. In Telangana due to increase in the irrigation facility most of the farmers are growing crops like paddy, maize and the pulses cultivation is drastically decreasing. To bring awareness and to improve the pulses cultivation the present study was carried out by KVK, Ramagirikhilla, Kharimnagar-II, ICAR-ATARI, Zone-X in rabi season for five successive years from 2018 to 2022. A total of two hundred and twelve cluster frontline demonstrations were conducted in the farmers’ field of Peddapalli district of Telangana. Improved varieties MGG-295 and WGG-42 were demonstrated with integrated crop management practices viz., seed treatment with rhizobium, chemical weed control, timely management of pest and diseases management. The outcomes of the experiments shown the improved green gram varieties MGG-295 and WGG-42 produced a greater yield (11.77 q/ha) than the farmers\u27 practices (8.46 q/ha) that is revealed an extension gap of 3.70 q/ha, technology gap 1.43 q/ha and 10.88% Technological Index. Cumulative results over five years when compared to farmers’ practices, the demonstration yield was increased by 40.62%. The benefit cost ratio was recorded 3.06 with an increased net return of Rs. 14,640.11 and 51.11% higher net returns than farmers’ practices (2.46). The propagation of improved practices was the reason for the increase in green gram crop productivity under the demonstration plot. This could be replicated in northern agroclimatic zones of Telangana as well as the other parts of state which are having the similar climatic conditions
A Brief Study on Heterosis in Indian Brinjal for Horticultural Traits
No full textBrinjal is one of the most popular vegetables grown throughout the world and heterosis has been extensively used in developing hybrids in the crop. 11 F1 hybrids of brinjal were developed through crossing of 7 brinjal genotypes selected on the basis of divergence in the late kharif season of 2022-23. These 11 F1 hybrids along with the parental lines and check Pusa Hybrid-6 were evaluated in Randomized Block Design in the late kharif season of 2023-24 and were transplanted in three replications, with spacing of 75 cm x 60 cm. Direction and magnitude of heterosis was studied for various yield attributing characters. Negative standard heterosis which is favoured for earliness traits was observed in ten hybrids for days to 50% flowering trait. For total yield, 4 hybrids exhibited significant heterobeltiosis and 5 hybrids showed significant standard heterosis. Based on heterosis from total yield (q/ha) point of view, Pant Samrat × Swarna Mani (53.40 %), Sabour Krishnakali × Pant Samrat (33.65%) and Sabour Krishnakali × Swarna Mani (30.58 %) were top performers for total yield as compared to standard check- Pusa Hybrid-6. The estimates of heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis effects were moderate to high in the positive direction for most of the yield and its contributing components
Effect of Borohumate and Diatomaceous Earth on Groundnut Growth, Yield and Quality
No full textGroundnut is one of the major crops cultivated in coastal areas, often without proper agricultural technology. By improving fertility management, groundnut production can be boosted and sustained. Silicon is a beneficial element whose importance to crops has increased due to extensive research. Furthermore, silicon mitigates salt stress and enhances pest resistance in plants. Boron is an essential nutrient for groundnut, as it plays a crucial role in pod setting and overall growth enhancement. The combined effect of these nutrients has not yet been extensively studied, particularly in groundnut cultivation in coastal areas. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the combined effects of silicon and boron on groundnut grown in coastal soils. The study primarily focuses on key parameters such as growth, yield, and quality of groundnut. To achieve this objective, two field experiments were conducted in coastal village during December, 2020 - March, 2021 and July-October, 2021 using VRI 2 as test crop. The results of the study concluded that application of borohumate (BH) @ 1.5 kg B ha-1 and diatomaceous earth (DE) @ 60 kg Si ha-1 along with recommended dose of NPK recorded the highest growth characters (plant height, number of branches plant-1 and dry matter production), yield characters (number of pods plant-1, 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight and shelling percentage), quality (protein and oil content) and yield of groundnut