International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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A Note on the Typification of Myrsine semiserrata Wall. (Primulaceae)
No full textMyrsine semiserrata was described by Wallich in Roxburgh’s Flora Indica based on the materials collected by him from Nepal. Herbarium specimens were studied from different herbaria across the globe. In the country different herbaria like ARUN, ASSAM, BSD, CAL, DD, Llyod Botanic Garden herbarium, Guwahati University herbarium were visited to record the morphological variations present in the species. This work deals with detailed morphological study from live specimen as well as available herbarium materials involving all original materials to address morphological variations. A lectotype has been selected here for M. semiserrata
Screening of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) Genotypes for Heat Tolerance Using the Temperature Induction Response (TIR)
No full textA lab experiment was carried out at the Phenotyping Laboratory, Institute of Frontier Technologies, ANGRAU, Tirupati, to test thirty finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) genotypes collected from the Millet Breeder at ARS Perumallapalle. The aim was to identify which genotypes can tolerate high temperatures by using Thermotolerance Induction Response (TIR) technique. The finger millet seedlings were gradually exposed to increasing temperatures from 37°C to 54°C for five hours, and then to a lethal temperature of 58°C for two and a half hours. After the heat treatment, the seedlings were allowed to recover for two days at 30°C and 60% relative humidity. Among the genotypes after the recovery, their survival percentage, and the reduction in root and shoot growth were measured. Based on these observations, PPR-2773, PPR-1279, PPR-22-1296, and PPR-1211 performed well, showing lower reductions in root and shoot growth, indicating better heat tolerance. This TIR method makes it easier to quickly identify heat-tolerant finger millet lines at the seedling stage itself from a large number of genotypes
Effect of Different Level of Nano Urea on Growth of Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) cv. Winter Dawn, under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions
No full textA research study was carried out at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, NAI, SHUATS, located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, during the academic years 2022-23 and 2023-2024. The experiment comprised 11 treatments involving various combinations of conventional urea and nano urea, applied at different levels and concentrations, with each treatment replicated three times in a Randomised Block Design. The main objective of the experiment was to assess the impact of varying concentrations of nano urea on the growth characteristics of Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) cv. Winter Dawn. Treatment T7 [100% PK + 60% RDN + 0.8% Nano urea (8 ml/l)] was found best with [9.78 (2022-23), 10.05 (2023-24) and 9.91 (Pooled)] days to new growth, [31.11 (2022-23), 32.32 (2023-24) and 31.71 (Pooled)] days to runner formation after planting, [17.11 (2022-23), 17.79 (2023-24) and 17.45 (Pooled)] cm plant height, [17.62 (2022-23), 17.86 (2023-24) and 17.74 (Pooled)] number of leaves per plant, [66.21 (2022-23), 68.45 (2023-24) and 67.33 (Pooled)] cm2 leaf area, [5.27 (2022-23), 5.59 (2023-24) and 5.43 (Pooled)] number of runners per plant, [22.02 (2022-23), 22.33 (2023-24) and 22.19 (Pooled)] number of flower per plant, [71.13 (2022-23), 72.64 (2023-24) and 71.89 (Pooled)] % percentage of fruit setting (%) and [67.06 (2022-23), 69.07 (2023-24) and 68.07 (Pooled)] days taken to harvesting maturity
Assessing the Impact of Simulated Water and Salinity Stress on the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of [Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.]
No full textIntroduction: The growth, development, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in the plant are strongly affected by environmental stress. The pharmaceutical values of medicinal herbs depend on the presence of secondary metabolites that are influenced by environmental stress. Drought and salinity stress are the two most significant abiotic factors that restrict plant growth and productivity. As a memory enhancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, sedative, and antiepileptic, Bacopa monnieri has been used for a long time. The aim of the present work was to study the impact of simulated abiotic stress on Bacopa monnieri.
Methodology: Potted plants of Bacopa monnieri were treated with various concentrations of NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution to simulate salinity and drought stress. In order to evaluate the salinity and drought stress effect, several physiological parameters, such as cell membrane stability and relative water content (RWC), and biochemical parameters, such as proline, β-carotene, MDA, total phenolic, and total flavonoid content, were taken into consideration.
Results: In the present study, significant changes in the physiological and biochemical parameters have been observed in NaCl and PEG 6000-induced salt- and drought-stressed plants about control. Stress decreases the relative RWC and Membrane stability index of the Bacopa leaves. However, it increases the plant’s proline, β-carotene, phenolic compounds, and total flavonoids content.
Conclusion: The data obtained from the current study indicated that both salinity and drought stress influence the physiological and biochemical traits of Bacopa monnieri L. By increasing the synthesis of proline, β-carotene, phenolic compounds, and total flavonoids, the Bacopa monnieri plant defends itself against oxidative stress
Impact of Plant Growth Regulators on Irrigated Agriculture
No full textIrrigated agriculture plays a crucial role in food production, especially in regions where water availability is limited. In this context, plant growth regulators emerge as essential tools to optimize plant growth and development. These compounds, which can be natural or synthetic, influence physiological processes such as germination, flowering, fruiting and resistance to environmental stresses. By promoting better use of water and nutrients, plant growth regulators not only increase irrigation efficiency but also contribute to the sustainability of agricultural production. With the growing demand for food and the need for more efficient and sustainable agricultural practices, the use of plant growth regulators in irrigated agriculture becomes increasingly relevant, offering solutions to maximize crop productivity and quality
Development of Simplified Relationship between Rainfall Erosion Indices and Precipitation Indices for Soil Conservation in Hisar, Haryana, India
No full textSoil erosion is the functional ability of rainfall to detach the soil particles and simultaneously the susceptibility of soil to resist against raindrop. In this study, an effort was made to develop a relationship between erosion indices and precipitation indices for the study area. The rainfall data of 16 years for the selected durations of 15-60 minute storms was analyzed to evaluate the erosion potential. A highly significant linear correlation was observed between erosion index (EI) and precipitation index (PI) values computed for the durations of 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The obtained correlation coefficient (r) was varied from 0.97 to 0.99. The precipitation index (PI30) for 30 minutes duration also showed significant linear correlation with precipitation index PI15, PI45 and PI60 minutes duration. The equations so developed could be used for the computation of erosion index (EI) values for Hisar region by substituting the corresponding values of precipitation index (PI) as independent variable and without going through the tedious process of computation of kinetic energy. The results could provide a quick idea on erosion potential for planning the general purpose soil and water conservation measures in the study area
Effect of Foliar Application of Water Soluble Fertilizer and Humic Acid on Physico-chemical Properties and Fertility Status of Soil after Harvest of Rose
No full textA field experiment on “Effect of foliar application of water soluble fertilizer and humic acid on yield and quality of rosa sp was carried out during Rabi season at PG Research unit, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur during 2022-2023. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The treatments comprised of four levels of water soluble fertilizer (19:19:19) viz., Control, 200 g, 300 g and 400 g and three levels of humic acid viz., Control, 500 ppm and 750 ppm giving twelve treatment combinations replicated thrice. The collected soil samples were processed and analysed for different soil parameter like soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, calcium carbonate, available nitrogen, available phosphorus available potassium and available sulphur using standard analytical methods. Results revealed that pH of all the samples of study area was in the neutral to alkaline. Electrical conductivity of all the samples were found normal (<1.0 dsm-1). The organic carbon content of the study area varies from low to medium. The availability of NPK after harvesting was found superior in treatment combination (F4H3), which involved application of 400 g 19:19:19 with 750 ppm humic acid
Comparative Performance of Zinc Sources on Productivity of Rice (Oryza sativa) in Zinc Stressed Soils of Cauvery Delta Zone
No full textRice (Oryza sativa) cultivation is a cornerstone of India\u27s economy and food security, with the nation ranking second only to China in annual production. Despite considerable advancements in recent years, rice yields remain below their maximum potential. Enhancing rice productivity through precise and advanced mineral nutrition techniques offers a promising solution for overcoming nutrient deficiencies in soils and improving crop yields. Zinc, an essential micronutrient, plays a crucial role in enzyme activation, protein synthesis, and overall plant metabolism. However, zinc deficiency is a widespread issue in many agricultural soils, particularly affecting rice crops, leading to reduced growth and yield. Addressing this deficiency through the application of appropriate zinc formulations is vital for improving rice productivity in zinc-deficient soils. A pot experiment was carried out in department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu during kharif of 2023 and included four sources of zinc and four levels of zinc levels to study their comparative performances and improve the yield of rice. Growth characters viz., plant height, number of tillers hill-1, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, dry matter production, yield characters viz., no of panicles pot-1, no. of grains panicle-1, panicle length and test weight and grain and straw yield were recorded. The results indicated that the application of zinc lysinate at 5 kg ha-1, either individually or in combination, produced the highest growth and yield parameters, with grain (43.01 g pot-1) and straw (58.87 g pot-1) yields surpassing those of other treatments, demonstrating its potential to improve rice productivity in zinc-deficient soils
Soil Characterization and Classification in Semi-Arid Regions of Varathuru Watershed, Andhra Pradesh, India
No full textEight typical pedons representing Varathuru watershed of Chittoor district, viz Pachigunta (P1 and P2), Kalepalli (P3 and P4), Ramapuram (P5 and P6) and Oogguvaripalli (P7 and P8) in semi-arid ecosystem were studied for morphological, physical, chemical characteristics and their classification. Results indicated that, the colour of the soils varied from dark reddish brown to strong brown with sandy loam to sandy clay loam texture. These soils were slightly acid to moderately alkaline (6.03 to 8.35) in reaction and non-saline (0.02 to 0.36 dSm-1). The bulk density, water holding capacity, particle density, organic carbon (OC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation were varied from 1.34 to 1.61 Mgm-3, 28.44 to 48.96%, 2.24 to 2.58 Mgm-3, 0.09 to 0.74%, 3.68 to 20.32 cmol (p+) kg-1 and 51.61% to 91.86%, respectively. Due to the presence of ustic soil moisture regime, isohyperthermic temperature regime and low organic matter content, the soils were classified into Typic Hapustepts (Pedons 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8), Typic Haplustalfs (Pedons 1and 7) and Ultic Haplustalfs (pedon 5)
Synergistic Influence of Bacterial and Fungal Inoculum on Microbial Biomass Carbon, Phosphorus and Nitrogen
No full textBackground: Soil microbial biomass plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling, storing large amount of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus essential for soil fertility, while also driving organic matter decomposition and supporting plant nutrient uptake. Beneficial microorganisms like Azotobacter chroococcum and Serendipita indica have demonstrated plant growth-promoting properties by enhancing nutrient uptake, stress resistance, and microbial biomass. Their synergistic use aligns with sustainable agriculture practices, reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers and improving soil health.
Materials and Methods: The study utilized cultures of S. indica and A.chroococcum grown in jaggery- based broth for bulk multiplication were made during the present study. Tests in the field were carried out during May–October 2023, with treatments: Control (C), T1 (A. chroococcum), T2 (S. indica), and T3 (combination). Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), Phosphorus (MBP), and Nitrogen (MBN) were estimated using fumigation extraction techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a 5% significance level.
Results: The study revealed substantial increase in soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), phosphorus (MBP), and nitrogen (MBN) in rice varieties PB 1121 and PB 1718 following treatment with S. indica and A. chroococcum. The study revealed significant increases in soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), phosphorus (MBP), and nitrogen (MBN) with S. indica and A. chroococcum treatments in rice varieties PB 1121 and PB 1718. For PB 1121, MBC, MBP, and MBN increased by 67, 218, and 67.5%, respectively, with A. chroococcum treatment, while combined application increased the following by 122, 273, and 123%. Similarly, for PB 1718, A. chroococcum increased MBC, MBP, and MBN by 146, 54, and 148%, respectively, with combined treatment synergistically increased them by 213, 147, and 216% as compared to control.
Conclusion: The co-inoculation of A. chroococcum and S. indica significantly enhanced soil microbial biomass carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen compared to individual treatments or control. This synergistic effect supports nutrient cycling and sustainable agricultural practices by reducing chemical fertilizer use and improving soil fertility. The findings highlight the potential of microbial inoculants in developing bio-fertilizers and fostering long-term agricultural sustainability. The research highlights the importance of bio-fertilizers as a sustainable alternate to chemical fertilizers, which have detrimental effect on the environment and living beings. By demonstrating the synergistic benefits of A. chroococcum and S. indica in enhancing soil fertility, it highlights the potential to reduce chemical fertilizer dependency for farmers. The development of cost-effective, accessible, and easy-to-use bio-fertilizers stands with the urgent need for eco-friendly agricultural solutions