International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Studies on Effect of Photosynthate Partitioning and Remobilization on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)] under Rainfed Condition
No full textThe field experiment was conducted during kharif-2024 at Pearl Millet Research Station, JAU, Jamnagar to find out the “effect of photosynthate partitioning & remobilization on growth and yield of pearl millet under rainfed condition”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with six selected hybrid and replicated thrice. To evaluate the effect of photosynthate partitioning and remobilization on the growth attributes, dry matter accumulation and yield performance of different pearl millet hybrids under rainfed condition. The selected hybrids were MPMH 17, MPMH 21, RHB 173, ABH 1200, Pusa composite 443 and Pusa composite 612 in the field under rainfed condition. The results showed that maximum plant height (166.67 cm) was recorded in AHB-1200 at maturity stage of the crop. The hybrid, AHB-1200 exhibited the maximum leaf dry weight (34.17 and 22.80 g), stem dry weight (54.90 and 177.70 g) and panical dry weight (20.97 and 109.33 g) at anthesis and maturity stage of the crop, respectively. The hybrid, AHB-1200 exhibited significantly highest grain yield (73.92 g/plant) and Harvest Index (23.84%)
Effect of a Compost Formulation Based on Agricultural Residues (Coffee Husks and Rice Straw) on Soil Chemical Quality and Agronomic Performance of Rain-fed Rice in Vavoua, Côte d\u27Ivoire
No full textBackground: Food self-sufficiency is a real challenge for Côte d\u27Ivoire today, with national decreasing of rice production for population\u27s needs. This production deficit is attributed not only to the use of unsuitable and unproductive varieties, but also and above all to the infertility of rice-growing land.
Aims: This study aims to improve rice production in Vavoua through the use of organic fertilisation in a context of sustainable organic farming.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the field in 2024 in the village of Mignoré, in the sub-prefecture of Séitifia and in the department of Vavoua, in central-western Côte d\u27Ivoire, by the agropedology research team at Jean Lorougnon Guédé University in Daloa, Côte d\u27Ivoire.
Methodology: three formulations (C1, C2 and C3) of composts were developed based on coffee husks and rice straw in different proportions. The formulations were for compost C1 (100% rice straw), C2 (50% rice straw + 50% coffee husks) and C3 (100% coffee husks). These different composts were applied as an organic amendment at a rate of 40 t/ha to two varieties of local rainfed rice, “Akadi” and the improved “C26”, in two applications (basal and top dressing) in a randomised Fisher block design with three replicates. The parameters collected were height, number of tillers, number of panicles and yield.
Results: the experiment showed that C2 compost had the best physicochemical characteristics compared to the other two and most improved the agronomic performance of the rice. The C26 rice variety stood out by achieving the highest yield.
Conclusion: C2 compost in the formulation (50% coffee husks and 50% rice straw) can be recommended as a good substitute for mineral fertilisers in the ecosystem of our study.
 
Long-term Effect of Tillage, Residue and Biofertilizer on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon and Dehydrogenase Activity under Rice-wheat Cropping System in Terai Agro-ecological Region of West Bengal
No full textAs a major supply of staple foods, the rice-wheat cropping system is crucial to global food security. However, continuous cultivation of these crops has led to several soil-related environmental problems, including the gradual decline in soil health and quality. In this context, maintaining soil health necessitates the adoption of conservation agriculture. This study assessed the effect of tillage, residue and biofertilizer management practices on soil dehydrogenase activity (SDHA) and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) of post wheat soils at various soil depth (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm). The research was conducted as part of a long-term field experiment initiated in 2006 in rice-wheat cropping system under a factorial randomized block design with three replications in the Terai agro-ecological regions of West Bengal. The results revealed that the SDHA and SMBC were increased by the influence of long-term zero tillage, bio fertilizer & residue addition at the most of the soils depths under study except at 20-40 cm. The highest short-term change of SDHA (213.19%) in compared to the initial soil status was observed in conventionally tilled soil with biofertilizer addition treatment combination. Since SDHA and SMBC are critical indicators of soil health and quality, this study also explored their relationship. Positive good regression coefficient of 0.74, 0.65 and 0.67 at 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil depth were observed respectively. These findings highlight the strong association between the two parameters. With growing future demand of foods, conservation agriculture must be practiced to ensure the long-term sustainability of soil productivity. The study provides evidence that implementing zero tillage along with residue and biofertilizer addition significantly improves these key soil health parameters
Role of Phosphorous Fertilizers and P Solubilizers on Growth, Yield and Economics of Different Cultivars of Gain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochodriacus)
No full textA Field experiment was carried out for two years during Kharif season 2018 and 2019 at Main Research Station (MRS), Hebbal, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. The pooled data of two years indicated that among the varieties, grain yield was significantly higher with Suvarna (1839 kg ha-1) as compared to KBGA-4 (1671 kg ha-1). Among P levels, significantly higher grain yield was recorded with application 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB @ 2.5 kg ha-1 + VAM @ 2.5 kg-1ha soil application + RD of NK&S (848 kg ha-1) which was on par with RDF (2091 Kg ha-1) and 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB @ 2.5 kg ha-1 + VAM @ 2.5 kg ha-1 soil application +RD of NK&S (1894 kg ha-1). However, significantly higher yield advantage and agronomic efficiency of P were recorded with application 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB @ 2.5 kg ha-1 + VAM @ 2.5 kg ha-1 soil application + RD of NK&S (848 kg and 28.26, respectively) which was on par with 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB @ 2.5 kg/ha + VAM @ 2.5 kg ha-1 soil application (522 kg and 26.12, respectively) and Recommended dose of fertilizer (NPKS). Similarly, plant height and panicle length was followed the same trend. Significantly higher gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio were recorded with application of 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB @ 2.5 kg ha-1 + VAM @ 2.5 kg ha-1 soil application + RD of NK&S (Rs. 110970 ha-1, Rs.85381 ha-1 and 4.34, respectively) which was on par with RDF (NPKS) and 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB @ 2.5 kg ha-1 + VAM @ 2.5 kg ha-1 soil application as compared to other treatments. Hence, application of 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB @ 2.5 kg ha-1 + VAM @ 2.5 kg ha-1 soil application + RD of NK&S is optimum for higher grain yield in grain amaranth
Analysis of Heterosis and Combining Ability for Seed Yield and its Components in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
No full textThe present study was carried out during the two successive seasons 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the Crop Research Farm, R.A.K. College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Sehore (MP). General and specific combining ability estimates were obtained by employing Griffin’s diallel cross analysis, model 1 (fixed model) method 2. Heterosis over mid parents and better parents were determined as per standard procedure. Significance of heterosis value was tested using ‘t’ test. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant values among the treatments and parents for all the characters, indicating appreciable variability. The aim of this work was to study the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability and heterosis through half diallel mating among six different wheat genotypes. Based on GCA effects, GS-2031, HI-1634 and HI-1633 considered as good general combiners Seed yield /plant (g), Based on per se performance and significant SCA effects, the following crosses viz., GS-2031 x HI-8777, HI- 8777 x HI -1633, CWYT-614 x HI-1633, CWYT-644 x HI-1634, CWYT-614 x GS-2031, CWYT-644 x HI-8777, CWYT-644 x HI-1633, HI-1634 x HI-1633 and CWYT-644 x GS-2031 combination emerged as promising combiners for Seed yield/plant. A perusal of estimates of economic heterosis for yield and yield contributing characters revealed that hybrid CWYT-614 x GS -2031, CWYT-614 x HI -1633, CWYT- 644 x HI -1634, CWYT- 644 x GS -2031, CWYT- 644x HI -1633, HI -1634 x GS -2031, HI -1634 x HI -1633, GS -2031 x HI- 8777 and HI- 8777 x HI -1633 exhibited maximum estimates of significant positive economic heterosis for Seed yield/plant (g)
Assessment of Soil Erosion Risk from Runoffs under Arid and Semi-arid Climate Zones in Africa
No full textSoils are a vital natural resource that deserves more attention and affection, because they are full of everything that living beings need to survive. Now, soil hydric erosion is a phenomenon that causes serious problems of flooding and limiting food production in semi-arid climate zones, leading to a chronic socio-economic and environmental disasters. This process is further exacerbated by the ever-increasing global warming. This study aims to better understand the processes and consequences of water erosion, in order to better prevent the risks that could be associated with the rising of global temperature. The study area is located in the semi-arid climate of Isser watershed in the northern-west of Algeria. Soils of the area have a silty-clay texture. The surfaces are covered with little gravel (8%), covered to 72% of vegetable debris and are cracked up to 53%. These characteristics may reduce the runoff velocities and protect soils against erosion. However, clearing, overgrazing and farming systems favor runoffs that cause transfers of sediments through the destruction of the surface physical-chemical properties and thereby its natural structural stability. The study shows a slowdown in the infiltration rate of runoff water when soils are severely dehydrated. This may be an explanation for the paradoxes of the recent floods in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. Soils aridification due to global warming could increase its cracking and damage their structural stability. This climatic phenomenon will result in the recurrence of floods and the massive infiltration of surface water into groundwater, thus generating their pollution. The study also shows that the sum of all chemical properties (moisture, OM, soil carbon, calcite, and total nitrogen) in percentage is highly correlated with soil structural stability. Therefore, the key factor in mitigating this process would be to maintain a sufficient level of organic matter in the soils
Effect of Critical Crop Weed-Competition in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
No full textThe field experiment was conducted at College Farm, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2020-21 and 2021-22. Study of critical crop-weed competition in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under south Gujarat condition. The treatment W6 (Weed free up to harvest) were recorded significantly higher plant height at harvest, number of sympodial branches per plant, seed cotton weight (g/plant), stalk weight at harvest (g/plant) and seed cotton yield (kg/ha) during 2020-21, 2021-22 and in pooled results. But treatment (W6) was statistically at par with the treatments W5 (Weed free up to 75 DAS), W4 (Weed free up to 60 DAS) and W7 (Weedy up to 15 DAS) in both the years and in pooled results. The magnitude of increase in seed cotton yield with weed free up to harvest treatment (W6) over weedy up to harvest treatment (W12) were to the tune of 67.82, 75.90 and 71.87% higher during 2020-21, 2021-22 and in pooled results. Number of monopodial branches per plant was found non-significant results in both the individual years and in pooled results. Significantly minimum total least nutrient depletion (Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) by weed was recorded under the treatment W6 (Weed free up to harvest), value were nitrogen 0.27, 0.23 and 0.25 per cent, phosphorus 0.07, 0.06 and 0.06 per cent, potassium 0.38, 0.32 and 0.35 per cent during both individual years and in pooled results, respectively. But it remained at with the treatments W5, W4 and W7. Whereas, total highest nutrient depletion was recorded under the treatment W12 (Weedy up to harvest), value were nitrogen 13.34, 11.35 and 12.34 per cent, phosphorus 3.01, 2.73 and 2.87 per cent, potassium 14.37, 12.19 and 13.28 per cent during 2020-21, 2021-22 and in pooled results, respectively
Impact of Sowing Techniques and Nano Urea Application on Wheat Growth Dynamics, Yield Potential and Economic Viability: A Comprehensive Review
No full textWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays a decisive role in ensuring global food security, making the optimization of its production crucial to satisfy the increasing demands of the population. This review explores the effects of various sowing techniques and the application of nano urea on the growth dynamics, yield potential, and economic aspects of wheat cultivation. It assesses modern sowing practices, including zero tillage, ridge planting, and raised bed planting, focusing on their influence on root development, resource efficiency, and overall crop performance in comparison to conventional methods. The use of nano urea, recognized as a sustainable advancement in plant nutrition, is examined for its effectiveness in nitrogen delivery, its potential to minimize environmental impacts, and its role in improving both grain yield and quality. Research indicates that the combination of innovative sowing techniques with nano urea can markedly affect physiological growth metrics, nutrient absorption, and yield characteristics. Furthermore, the economic viability of these approaches, encompassing reductions in input costs and increases in profitability, is analyzed. This comprehensive review offers critical insights for agronomists and policymakers dedicated to enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of wheat production in the face of climate challenges and resource limitations
Enhancing Cauliflower Yield and Quality through Lime, Boron, and Farmyard Manure in Acidic Soils of Keonjhar District, Odisha, India
No full textA field trial was conducted during Rabi seasons (2012-13 and 2013-14) in the acidic soils of Keonjhar district of Odisha to assess the effect of lime, boron, and farmyard manure (FYM) on yield and quality of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications and involved eighteen treatment combinations. These treatments consisted of two levels of FYM (0 and 5 t/ha), three levels of lime (0, 0.1 LR, and 0.2 LR), and three levels of boron (0, 0.5 kg/ha with 0.25% foliar spray and 1.0 kg/ha), with all plots receiving a uniform recommended dose of N, P2O5 and K2O (150:60:80 kg/ha). Results indicated that the combined application of FYM at 5 t/ha, lime at 0.2 LR and boron at 1.0 kg/ha produced the highest dry matter yield. This treatment increased curd yield by 29.8% and dry matter yield by 40% over the control. Additionally, significant improvements were observed in growth attributes with increases of 35% in plant height, 48.4% in the number of leaves, 10.3% in plant spread, 37.5% in stalk length, 13.9% in curd diameter, 43% in curd weight, and 9.4% in curd length. Quality parameters including ascorbic acid and protein content, were also enhanced through combined application of FYM, lime and boron. The best treatment registered a net return of Rs. 1,24,450/- with a benefit-cost ratio of 4.27, making it highly recommended for cauliflower cultivation in red and lateritic soils of Odisha
Response of Phosphorus and Potash on the Growth and Yield of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Utlou, Bishnupur District, Manipur during Rabi season of the year 2023-24 to monitor the response of phosphorus and potash on the growth and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) of 9(nine) treatments, containing three levels of phosphorus and three levels of potash i.e. T1(P1K1): 0 kg P2O5/ha + 0 kg K2O/ha, T2(P1K2): 0 kg P2O5/ha + 30 kg K2O/ha, T3(P1K3): 0 kg P2O5/ha + 60 kg K2O/ha, T4(P2K1): 40 kg P2O5/ha + 0 kg K2O/ha, T5(P2K2): 40 kg P2O5/ha + 30 kg K2O/ha, T6(P2K3): 40 kg P2O5/ha + 60 kg K2O/ha, T7(P3K1): 80 kg P2O5/ha + 0 kg K2O/ha, T8(P3K2): 80 kg P2O5/ha + 30 kg K2O/ha and T9(P3K3): 80 kg P2O5/ha + 60 kg K2O/ha with three replications. From the present investigation it is found that all the growth attributes and yield attributes were significantly influenced by the application of phosphorus and potash. Maximum growth attributes and yield attributes were obtained with the application of 80 kg P2O5/ha + 60 kg K2O/ha (T9) and the lowest were observed from 0 kg P2O5/ha + 0 kg K2O/ha (T1). From the present record it can be concluded that using 80 kg P2O5/ha + 60 kg K2O/ha proved to be more productive and profitable for the cultivation of pea during Rabi season in Manipur climatic condition