International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
Not a member yet
5728 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of Phosphorus on Different Varieties on Growth and Yield of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
No full textDuring the rabi season 2023-24, a field experiment was carried out at Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Institute of Agriculture Science, Utlou, Bishnupur District, Manipur, India. The treatment comprised of three different phosphorus levels (0,40 and 60 kg/ha) and three varieties V1 – Prakash, V2 – Rachna, V3 – Aman with a total of 9 treatment combinations. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. The results reveal that the most of the growth character viz. plant height(cm), number of branches per plant, fresh weight and dry weight per plant(g), number and dry weight of nodules were recorded maximum on Aman (V3) and minimum values were recorded on Prakash (V1).The maximum yield character such as number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, pod length(cm), stover yield (q/ha), test weight (g), harvest index (%) were recorded significantly higher under variety Aman (V3) followed by Rachna(V2) and Prakash(V1).Among the phosphorus levels 60 kg P2O5/ha recorded higher growth attribute, yield attribute and yield of pea as compared to to other phosphorus which was followed by 40 kg P2O5/ha and 0 kg P2O5/ha. The treatment combination 60 kg P₂O₅/ha + Aman (P3V3) was found best for pea cultivation. Therefore, it can be concluded that using 60 kg P₂O₅/ha + Aman (P3V3) proved to be more productive and profitable for the cultivation of pea during rabi season in Manipur climate condition
Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Vegetative Characteristics and Yield of Bottle Gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] cv. Pusa Naveen
No full textThe present investigation entitled “Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Bottle Gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] cv. Pusa Naveen” was conducted during the Kharif season of 2024 at the Horticulture Experimental Field, College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior (M.P.). The main objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of integrated nutrient management (INM) on growth, yield and quality attributes of bottle gourd. The experiment comprised thirteen treatments replicated thrice in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). Among the treatments, T13- 75% RDF + Vermicompost (12 t/ha) + Azotobacter (5 kg/ha) + PSB (5 kg/ha) + KSB (5 lit/ha) recorded significantly superior performance across all observed parameters. In contrast, the control treatment T1 (100% RDF alone) exhibited the least performance. Treatment T13 showed remarkable improvements in morphological parameters such as germination percentage, vine length, number of primary branches per vine, number of nodes per vine up to the first male and female flowers and internodal length. In terms of phenological traits, it also showed first appearance of male and female flower. Yield attributes including days to first picking, number of fruits per plant, fruit length and diameter, pedicel length and average fruit weight were significantly influenced by the application of different INM combinations. The highest values for all these yield parameters were observed in treatment T13, while the lowest were recorded in the control (T1), confirming the beneficial effects of integrated nutrient management in enhancing the overall performance of bottle gourd
Vegetation Indices Monitoring of Sundarbans: An Integrated Assessment Using Fusion Techniques
No full textThe research spell out various dynamics of the Sundarbans, including the distribution of vegetation, the soil and the drainage channels. The work throws knowledge to understand the growing changes and decline in the vegetation cover over time in Indian Sunderbans. The Sentinel-2 datasets, topography informations, with applications of GIS and RS have been used for the land use and land cover classification. The methodologies included are downloading of Sattellite imagery, and other procedures are applying image processing and fusion methodologies. Present study touches the trail of anastomosed creeks and drainage channels, soil characteristics. The analysis LU and LC and the vegetation indices through an integrated study with geology has been done for various indices by using various geo informatic formulaes through fusion technique of Geographic Information Systems/Remote Sensing (GIS?RS) Technologies. Various satellite imagery band fusion and manipulation techniques such as band overlaying, Normalised diferential vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil adujusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Normalised differential Moisture Index, (NDMI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), density slice and spatial profiling. The results indicate the existence of various land profiles and vegetation indices in present Sunderbans than the past. The depretiation in vegetation cover are due to slamming of different storms, high floods and climate changes.This change shall have impact on essential services on the blue carbon ecosystem like flora, fauna, aqua fauna, avifauna with coastal protection, and carbon sequestration to attain a sustained ecosystem and biodiversity by restring the anthropogenic intervention to nature
Influence of Corm Size and Spacing on the Growth, Flowering and Corm Traits of Gladiolus cv. Malaviya Shatabdi
No full textPresent study was conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, during the 2023-24 cropping season to evaluate the effects of corm size and spacing on the growth, flowering and corm yield of gladiolus cv. Malaviya Shatabdi. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design comprising 24 treatment combinations with 3 replications, involving four corm sizes (1.0-2.0 cm, 2.1-3.0 cm, 3.1-4.0 cm and 4.1-5.0 cm) and six spacing treatments (30 cm × 20 cm, 30 cm × 25 cm, 30 cm × 30 cm, 30 cm × 40 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm and 20 cm × 30 cm). The results showed that both corm size and spacing had a significant impact on all growth and yield parameters. The largest corm size (4.1-5.0 cm) led to maximum number of leaves per hill (14.95), highest scape width (2.58 cm), widest leaves (2.44 cm), longest rachis and intermodal length (44.51 cm and 4.31 cm), highest corm weight (32.39 g) and the highest number of cormels per plant (11.12). Among the spacing treatments, wider spacing (30 cm × 30 cm) resulted in the widest leaves (2.64 cm), more number of leaves (15.05), widest scape (2.81 cm), highest length and width of 3rd (10.03 cm and 8.98 cm) and 5th florets (10.03 cm and 9.03 cm) respectively. The combination of the largest corm (4.1-5.0 cm) and wider spacing (30 cm × 30 cm) produced maximum number of leaves per hill (53.96 cm), maximum number of opened florets (9.91) and the highest number of cormels per plant (13.32). The smallest corm size (1.0-2.0 cm) with closer spacing (20 x 30 cm) resulted in delayed opening of 3rd (102.98 days) and 5th (104.99 days) and the lowest no. of leaves per hill (6.41). These findings suggest that larger corms and wider spacing optimize growth and yield parameters of gladiolus cv. Malaviya Shatabdi
Influence of Soil Amendment on Growth, Yield, Chemical and Biological Properties in Tea Soil of North East India
No full textField experiment was conducted at Jorhat, Assam to evaluate the efficacy of microbial based soil amendment (manufactured by Cisbay) in combination with reduced doses of inorganic NPK fertilizers in tea soils and its effect on yield and soil chemical as well as biological properties. The experiment was conducted in a randomised block design with 3 replications and 6 treatments. Among various treatments, soils treated with 75% RDF + AGN soil amendment @ 14.4 L/ha/year recorded the highest (183.83) number of plucking points/m2/round of plucking over other treatments. The same treatment also produced 4.03 per cent more yield compared to 100% RDF (Control) though the treatment effect was found to be not significant. The highest percentage (47.95%) of fine shoots was also reported under this treatment. Regarding soil chemical properties, pH was significantly affected by the application of the soil amendment though there was no significant difference among control, 75% RDF + AGN soil amendment @ 14.4 L/ha/year and 100% RDF + AGN soil amendment @ 14.4 L/ha/year in top soil. In sub soil, pH of the soil was significantly increased in all treatments when compared to control. However, soil organic carbon in top soil was not affected by the treatments. Application of AGN soil amendment along with RDF had no negative impact on mold population in soil. However, population of bacteria was reduced at the end of the cropping period
Growth and Productivity of Wheat as Influenced by Organic Nutrient Sources in East-central Part of Rajasthan, India
No full textA field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of organic nutrient sources and biofertilizers on growth, yield, and economic returns of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The study involved eight treatments comprising combinations of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost, and biofertilizers (Azotobacter + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria [PSB]). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. The treatments were: T1 – Control (no fertilizer or manure); T2 – RDF (150:60:40 kg N:P:K ha⁻¹); T3 – RDF + 37.5 kg N through FYM (7.5 t ha⁻¹); T4 – RDF + 37.5 kg N through vermicompost (2.5 t ha⁻¹); T5 – 112.5 kg N + 60 kg P + 40 kg K + 37.5 kg N through FYM; T6 – 112.5 kg N + 60 kg P + 40 kg K + 37.5 kg N through vermicompost; T7 – T5 + biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB); and T8 – T6 + biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB). Significant differences were observed among treatments in terms of plant height, dry matter accumulation, tiller number, yield attributes, grain yield, and net returns. The application of 112.5 kg N + 60 kg P + 40 kg K ha⁻¹ along with 37.5 kg N through vermicompost and biofertilizers (T8) resulted in the highest values for growth and yield parameters, significantly surpassing the other treatments. A similar trend was observed with the FYM-based integrated treatment (T7), indicating that both vermicompost and FYM, when used in combination with biofertilizers, can effectively enhance wheat performance. These results underline the potential of integrated nutrient management strategies in promoting sustainable wheat cultivation
Stability Analysis of Indian Mustard Genotypes through Eberhart and Russell’s Model
No full textAims: The present study was undertaken to identify mustard genotypes with stable performance under late-sown conditions by evaluating genotype × environment interactions across multiple sowing dates in the Eastern Vidarbha region of Maharashtra.
Study Design: A field experiment was conducted using eight mustard genotypes along with two check varieties (PM-26 and TAM 108-1) during the rabi seasons of 2020–2021, 2021–2022, 2022–2023 and 2023–2024. The genotypes were evaluated under four different sowing dates in each year like as — 30th October, 15th November, 30th November and 15th December and each of these treated as a distinct environment. A total of sixteen environments were generated over the four years. The study followed a randomized complete block design with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Linseed and Mustard, College of Agriculture, Nagpur, Maharashtra. The study spanned four consecutive rabi seasons, from 2020–2021 to 2023–2024.
Methodology: Observations were recorded on five traits viz., days to maturity, plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of siliquae plant-1 and seed yield plot-1. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the significant differences of genotype, environment and their G × E interaction. Stability analysis was performed using the Eberhart and Russell’s model, which computes three parameters viz., mean performance, regression coefficient (bi) and mean square deviation from regression (S̅²di). These parameters were used to evaluate the adaptability and stability of genotypes across environments.
Results: The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among environments, genotypes and genotype × environment interactions for all traits under study. The significant pooled deviation also confirmed the presence of differential genotype responses to varying environments. Stability analysis revealed that the genotypes viz., ACN-237 and ACN-226 exhibited the highest mean for seed yield plot-1, days to maturity and plant height along with non-significant deviation from regression (S̅²di) and regression coefficients (bi) tends to unity. These results indicate that these genotypes possess wide adaptability and stable performance across sowing dates.
Conclusion: The genotypes viz., ACN-237 and ACN-226 emerged as the most stable and high-yielding across varying environmental conditions induced by different sowing dates. Their consistent performance makes them suitable candidates for cultivation under late-sown conditions and valuable genetic material for developing mustard varieties with broad adaptability and stress tolerance
Piriformospora indica: A Helper Endophytic Fungus in Enhancing Growth and Nutrient Status in Crops
No full textMany microorganisms including root endophytes establish symbiotic relationships with their host plants and play a crucial role in maintaining better soil health and plant growth. Most of the crops are responsive to manures and fertilizers; however, the indiscriminate use of inputs especially chemical fertilizers can result in adverse environmental impacts which may degrade soil health and quality, affect rhizosphere micro-environment and cause nutrient imbalances. These adverse effects can be reduced by adopting new microbial-based technological practices, especially the use of biofertilizers, which are renewable and ecofriendly alternatives to chemical fertilizers that promote plant growth by enhancing the availability of plant nutrients. Piriformospora indica, a helper mycorrhiza like endophytic fungus has received immense importance over the preceding decades because of its ability to efficiently promote plant growth through enhanced nutrient uptake, bioactive substance accumulation, crop protection from pest and disease attack. Additionally, P. indica also helps to improve plant resistance to biotic stresses such as bacterial, fungal, viral and nematode diseases and abiotic stresses like drought, salinity and heavy metal toxicity. Apart from the fungal biomass, derivatives of P. indica such as cell wall extract as well as culture filtrate also acts as an excellent source for plant growth promotion. Here, we explore the mechanisms involved in P. indica mediated growth promotion as well as biotic and abiotic stress mitigation which includes enhanced nutrient acquisition and its translocation, increased efficiency of photosynthesis and modulation of phytohormones involved in growth and development. With the increasing demands for safer agricultural products and foods without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, this paper also identifies research needs for making suitable biocontrol or biofertilizer formulations by utilizing the functional abilities of P. indica
Acid Soil Management for Improvement of Yield and Soil Nutrient in Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) Cultivation in Dibrugarh District of Assam, India
No full textBlack gram is widely grown in Dibrugarh district of Assam. However, existing soil acidic condition limits nutrient uptake and profitable production of the crop. An experiment was conducted during kharif season (September - November) of 2024 at farmers field’ in Dibrugarh district of Assam, India to manage soil acidity by application of lime amendment for yield improvement of black gram (Vigna mungo L.). The experiment was consisted of three treatments T1: Lime 489 kg ha-1+2% urea spray at pod initiation stage + Recommended dose of fertilizer (15: 35: 15 kg ha-1), T2: Recommended dose of fertilizer (15:35:15 kg ha-1) and T3: Control: Farmers’ practice (manure 1 t ha-1). The On-Farm Trials were conducted in randomized complete block design. The results revealed that application of lime 489 kg ha-1+2% urea spray at pod initiation stage + Recommended dose of fertilizer (15: 35: 15 kg ha-1) recorded significantly higher yield followed by only recommended dose of fertilizer (15:35:15 kg ha-1) and farmers’ practice. The yield increased significantly with application of lime combined with recommended doses of fertilizer (1395 kg ha-1) compared to the farmers practice (85 kg ha-1). With regard to economics, the benefit-cost ratio of Lime 489 kg ha-1+2% urea spray at pod initiation stage + Recommended dose of fertilizer treatment recorded the highest (2.15). Soil pH increased significantly in the treatment receiving lime 489 kg ha-1 compared with the sole application of recommended dose of fertilizer and control. The available phosphorus (kg ha-1) showed similar trend and highest value was observed as 35.70. Therefore, lime application with recommended doses of fertilizer could enhance the yield of black gram and available nutrient status of soil
Soil Quality in Fruit Tree Plantations: Indicators, Assessment Methods, and Land Use Implications
No full textSoil quality is a key concept essential to sustainable land use, agricultural productivity, and environmental protection. It refers to the soil’s ability to perform its functions within the limits of a natural ecosystem, encompassing its physical, chemical, and biological properties to sustain productivity, preserve environmental integrity, and support human and animal health. However, soil degradation driven by land use change, deforestation, unsustainable agricultural practices, and climate change has increasingly compromised soil quality worldwide. This emphasizes the urgent need for systematic assessment tools. Soil quality indicators, encompassing physical, chemical, and biological properties, have been developed to capture changes in soil function. These indicators are often integrated into soil quality indices (SQIs), such as the additive soil quality index, to simplify and quantify the soil’s overall health. Comparative and dynamic assessments using reference conditions and time-series data are crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of land management strategies. Effective soil resource management must balance productivity with environmental protection, particularly in regions with limited resources and vulnerable ecosystems. In Southeast Asia, where forest-to-agriculture conversion is widespread, the soil quality implications of fruit tree plantations remain largely unexamined. This review proposes an integrated conceptual framework for assessing soil quality in fruit tree plantations by consolidating indicators across physical, chemical, and biological domains; contextualizes their use in orchard-based systems; and synthesizes current assessment approaches to support sustainable land management. Such efforts can inform sustainable management practices and policy development. This review underscores the significance of soil quality assessment and the role of SQIs in achieving long-term ecological sustainability, food security, and soil resource conservation